Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An immunocytochemical double horseradish peroxidase-anti-horseradish peroxidase (PAP) technique has been developed for localising estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone binding sites in normal ovaries and in epithelial ovarian neoplasms. Estrogen binding sites were present in 45% of normal ovaries, in 45% of benign epithelial neoplasms, and in 58.5% of ovarian adenocarcinomas. The equivalent figures for progesterone binding sites were 49%, 65%, and 45.2%, whilst those for testosterone binding sites were 43%, 40%, and 60.5%. Steroid binding was related neither to the grade of malignancy in epithelial neoplasms nor to the presence of metastases in cases of ovarian adenocarcinomas. The simultaneous presence of both estrogen and progesterone binding sites or of both estrogen and testosterone binding sites in ovarian adenocarcinomas was, however, associated with good differentiation. Evidence is presented to suggest that the binding sites demonstrated were specific, and it is suggested that the immunohistochemical demonstration of sex steroid hormone binding capacities in ovarian adenocarcinomas may be of value as a predictive marker for response to hormonal therapy.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of the incidence and significance of sex steroid hormone binding sites in normal and neoplastic human ovarian tissue. 388 Jan 52

A 47-year-old man was admitted because of a left axillary tumor. A biopsy of the tumor disclosed adenocarcinoma. The bone survey showed multiple sclerotic metastases. Thirteen months after his first admission, a left breast tumor developed and a simple mastectomy revealed a papillotubular carcinoma. Skin metastases appeared postoperatively and were exacerbated with accumulation of pericardial effusion and a high CEA level (401.7 ng/ml) despite radiation and chemotherapy. Estrogen therapy with diethylstilbestrol sodium phosphate was started, resulting in the disappearance of pericardial effusion and skin metastases. The patient remains well 10 months after starting estrogen therapy with a normal CEA level.
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PMID:[A case of advanced male breast cancer treated effectively with estrogen]. 392 44

Estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) were measured in primary tumors and metastases of 397 breast cancer patients. Survival following mastectomy was significantly longer in patients with ER and PR positive tumors, as was survival after first recurrence. The prognostic value of ER and PR was compared with such clinical factors as disease-free interval (DFI) and the dominant site of first metastasis by Cox's regression analysis. With all the different therapy modalities long DFI was the best prognostic indicator. However, in the patient group treated with endocrine therapy, ER and PR positivity was the best prognostic indicator, suggesting that longer survival in receptor positive patients was related to the response to endocrine treatment.
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PMID:Significance of estrogen and progesterone receptors, disease-free interval, and site of first metastasis on survival of breast cancer patients. 402

The peripheral plasma concentrations of testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined in 46 patients (age 51-86 years) with cytologically confirmed prostatic carcinoma. Treatment consisted of subcapsular orchidectomy (15 cases) or estrogen medication (16 cases) or cyproterone acetate (15 cases). The determinations were made before and 2 weeks and 2 months after treatment was initiated. No correlation was found between the pretreatment levels of testosterone and gonadotrophins and the local extent of the primary tumor or the degree of malignancy. Nor was there any correlation between hormonal level, presence of metastases or patient age. Orchidectomy and estrogen medication both resulted in very low plasma testosterone levels, corresponding to 15% of the pretreatment values. This proportion was 28% in the group treated with cyproterone acetate. Orchidectomy was followed by significant increase in the levels of LH and FSH. Estrogen treatment resulted in suppression of the LH levels to 40% and of FSH to 14% of the pretreatment values. The corresponding decreases in response to cyproterone acetate were 65 and 35%. The results indicate that reduction in gonadotrophin secretion is the primary mechanism in the lowering of testosterone levels produced by treatment with estrogens or cyproterone acetate.
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PMID:The effects of orchidectomy, estrogens, and cyproterone acetate on plasma testosterone, LH, and FSH concentrations in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. 621 62

Biopsy specimens of 55 human mammary carcinomas (38 primary and 17 metastatic) were assayed for prolactin receptors (PrlR). Prolactin bound specifically to 32 (58%) of the tumor biopsy specimens. The apparent Kd for PrlR in individual tumors ranged from 15 pM to 2.3 nM (mean 600 pM, n = 5) and the concentration of PrlR ranged from 0 to 44.5 fmoles/mg protein. Estrogen receptors (ERP) were also detected in 28 of the 32 tumors which had PrlR. Overall, there was no correlation between PrlR and ERP. However, the mean concentration of PrlR was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in tumors with 6-100 fmoles/mg protein ERP (approximately 13 fmoles PrlR) than in tumors with either less than 6 or greater than 250 fmoles ERP (4.0 +/- 0.4 and 6.5 +/- 1.8 respectively fmoles PrlR). Analysis of PrlR concentration as a function of patient age also showed no overall correlation, but the mean PrlR in tumors from women aged 60-70 was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in those from either younger or older women. A higher concentration of PrlR was observed in tumors which were classified histologically as medium or well differentiated (6.1 +/- 1.2 and 11.1 +/- 2.1, respectively) than in those classified as poorly differentiated (3.3 +/- 1.2) (p less than 0.03). There was a negative correlation between PrlR concentration and membrane yield from the tumors (r = 0.43, p less than 0.02). The membrane yield correlated with the ratio of tumor cells to stroma (histologically) (r = 0.63, p less than 0.001). In tumors from 12 patients with metastatic disease on whom follow up after endocrine-related therapy was available, the mean PrlR concentration was significantly higher in the non-responding group (8.2 +/- 3.0) than in the responding group (3.4 +/- 4.2, p = 0.05).
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PMID:Prolactin binding by human mammary carcinoma: relationship to estrogen receptor protein concentration and patient age. 629 28

We compared the efficacy and safety of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, leuprolide (1 mg subcutaneously daily), with diethylstilbestrol (DES, 3 mg by mouth daily) in patients with prostate cancer and distant metastases (Stage D2) who had not previously received systemic treatment. Initial therapy (leuprolide or DES) was continued for as long as an objective response was noted; cross-over to the alternative arm occurred at the time of disease progression or intolerable adverse reactions. Ninety-eight patients were randomly assigned to leuprolide, and 101 to DES. Suppression of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and decreases in acid phosphatase were comparable in the two groups. Patients receiving DES experienced more frequent painful gynecomastia (P less than 0.00001), nausea and vomiting (P = 0.02), edema (P = 0.008), and thromboembolism (P = 0.065) than those receiving leuprolide. The leuprolide group reported more "hot flashes" (P = 0.00001). Overall, 86 per cent of the leuprolide group had an objective response (complete response, 1 per cent; partial response, 37 per cent; stable disease, 48 per cent), as compared with 85 per cent of the DES group (complete, 2 per cent; partial, 44 per cent; stable, 39 per cent). Actual survival rates at one year were 87 per cent for the leuprolide group and 78 per cent for the DES group (P = 0.17). We conclude that leuprolide offers an important alternative treatment that is therapeutically equivalent to and causes fewer side effects than DES for the initial systemic management of metastatic prostate cancer.
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PMID:Leuprolide versus diethylstilbestrol for metastatic prostate cancer. 643

MCF-7 cells, a human breast carcinoma line, forms tumors when injected into athymic nude mice. These tumors are able to metastasize to lungs, liver and spleen. 17 beta-estradiol treatment increases both the growth rate and frequency of metastases. Castration or diabetes prevents metastasis formation, but treatment with estrogen or insulin restores the metastasizing capacity. MCF-7 cells secrete into the culture media collagenases able to lyse types I and IV collagens. Estrogen or insulin addition to the culture enhances collagenase production. Attention is called to the coexistence of enhancement in collagenase production and metastasis formation.
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PMID:Formation of metastasis by human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) in nude mice. 645 Jun 36

Estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were evaluated in 173 primary ovarian cancers and in 6 ovarian metastases. In epithelial ovarian carcinomas 63% had ER and 46% PR. Almost all granulosa cell tumours were receptor-positive, while sarcomas, dysgerminomas, and teratomas lacked ER and PR. Both receptors were found less often in tumours of the histological grade I than in those of grade II and III. During the development of metastases and during chemotherapy there was a loss of PR in 27% and 53% of the cases, respectively, while the amount of ER remained more or less constant. In addition to ovarian cancers ER and PR were present in carcinomas of the fallopian tube as well. ER-negative and especially PR-negative tumours seemed to respond better to chemotherapy than receptor-positive carcinomas. The possible significance of ER and PR with regard to the success of an endocrine treatment is discussed.
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PMID:[Estrogen and progesterone receptors in malignant ovarian neoplasms]. 655 48

Estrogen-receptor protein is known to be an important prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. The presence of estrogen receptor correlates with response to endocrine therapy in patients with metastatic disease and is associated with prolonged disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with primary disease. But the correlation between estrogen-receptor positivity and endocrine dependence is not perfect--approximately 40% of estrogen-receptor-positive tumors fail to regress with endocrine therapy. It has been hypothesized that another protein, progesterone receptor, may be a more effective marker of endocrine responsiveness since progesterone receptor is an end product of estrogen action. Promising retrospective results indicate the need for new, prospective clinical trials to define further the prognostic value of progesterone receptor for patients with advanced disease. For patients with primary breast cancer, we have found that progesterone receptor appears to be more important than estrogen receptor for predicting time to recurrence. We suggest that both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor be routinely measured in all breast cancer tumors.
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PMID:The prognostic role of progesterone receptors in human breast cancer. 666 85

The relation between estrogen- and progesterone-binding receptors and the metastatic behavior of breast carcinoma was examined by reviewing autopsy findings in 25 subjects with metastatic breast cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital for whom the results of estrogen- and/or progesterone-binding assays were available. Regardless of receptor status, patients treated with hormone therapy had prolonged survival (p less than 0.05), but had greater tumor burden at autopsy (p less than 0.05). The distributions of metastases differed for receptor-positive versus receptor-negative tumors. Estrogen-positive tumors metastasized more frequently to thyroid and/or parathyroid glands (p less than 0.01). Estrogen-negative tumors metastasized more extensively to the leptomeninges (p less than 0.01). Progesterone-positive tumors metastasized more frequently to myocardium (p less than 0.01), small bowel (p less than 0.01), urothelial structures (p less than 0.05), and thyroid and/or parathyroid glands (p less than 0.05). These differences in the distributions of metastases may reflect different tissue preferences in metastasizing breast carcinoma cells with estrogen- and/or progesterone-binding receptors. In this regard, perhaps patients with estrogen-negative tumors should be monitored closely for the development of carcinomatous meningitis, because this form of central nervous system involvement is a frequent cause of death among patients with breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Estrogen and progesterone receptors in prediction of metastatic behavior of breast carcinoma. 669 51


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