Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 537 consecutive liver scintiscans were retrospectively reviewed and 80 of them revealed suspicious focal decreased activity in the region of the prota hepatis. Postmortem, surgical, or biopsy correlation was obtained in 40 of these cases: 14 were pathologically negative; 9, cirrhosis or fibrosis; 10, metastases; 3, dilated bile ducts; 1, viral hepatitis; 1, hepatic laceration; 1, falciform ligament cyst; and 1, ruptured gallbladder with abscessed head of the pancreas. Thus, only 42% represented significant disease. Sixty-eight percent of the defects were seen only on the anterior scintiscan. Appearance of the majority of defects was nonspecific. Subjective grading of defects according to size and comparative decrease in density was not beneficial. Elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase, total serum bilirubin, and serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase were nonspecific.
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PMID:Focal porta hepatis scintiscan defects: What is their significance? 118 57

In two patients with renal cell carcinoma, the following biochemical changes were found independently of hepatic metastases: increased alkaline phosphatase activity, rise in bromsulfothalein retention, hypoalbuminemia, increase in alpha2-globulin, and prolonged prothrombin time (Stauffer syndrome). In both cases the syndrome was found to be the first sign of the renal cell carcinoma. In one patient liver function returned to normal after removal of the neoplasm, in correlation with the good recovery. In the other case the abnormal laboratory findings persisted after total renal surgery. Clinically, diffuse pulmonary metastases occurred. Both case histories show the high significance in knowing Stauffer syndrome and its value for early diagnosis and operative success.
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PMID:[Stauffer syndrome, paraneoplastic hepatic dysfunction syndrome associated with renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. 126 34

A case of malignant schwannoma of the sciatic nerve is described associated with hepatic dysfunction in the absence of hepatic metastases. An elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity was present with an isoenzyme pattern indicating hepatic involvement. These abnormalities disappeared after extirpation of the tumour. The patient is well, with no evidence of metastases, over two years later. It is concluded that the abnormality of serum alkaline phosphatase was induced by the tumour, and that the liver can be involved in the paraneoplastic syndrome.
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PMID:Liver-originating isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in the serum: a paraneoplastic manifestation of a malignant schwannoma of the sciatic nerve. 127 Jun 5

The alkaline phosphatase in homogenates of human liver was separated into two components by the addition of Triton X-100 to an agarose gel electrophoretic system. One of these components migrated at a rate identical to that of the original one and similar to alpha2-macroglobulin. The other component migrated more slowly, at a rate that resembled that of beta1-transferrin. Human serum samples regularly contained an identical fast-migrating fraction, whereas an identical slowly migrating fraction only appeared in serum obtained from patients with various diseases, especially from patients with malignant tumours, even though the liver did not contain tumour metastases. Slow isoenzyme was found in a few sera that had alkaline phosphatase activity within the normal range. Histochemical examinations of liver tissue from patients whose serum contained the slowly migrating isoenzyme showed a pronounced reaction of alkaline phosphatase in the bile canaliculi, and this isoenzyme seems to arise from the canaliculi. The fast-migrating isoenzyme might arise from the endothelial cells of the liver, to which the activity is usually confined in histochemical stainings.
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PMID:Endothelial and bile canalicular alkaline phosphatase in human liver and serum. 127 91

One hundred six patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were prospectively evaluated with regard to the prognostic impact of abdominal CT-scan in the pretreatment staging when compared to ultrasonography of the abdomen. Staging based on abdominal ultrasonography (US) plus bilateral bone marrow examinations gave as a result that 47 patients had extensive disease (ED) (44%). Seventeen patients with proven ED at time of referral were not included in this study. Abdominal CT-scan was performed in 76 of the 106 patients. Thirty patients of these 76 patients (39%) were classified as having ED after staging including US, but abdominal metastases were disclosed in another ten patients at the subsequent CT-scan. Liver metastases seen in two patients at ultrasonography were overlooked on the CT-scans. Median survival of the 36 patients classified as having limited disease (LD) after both procedures was 458 days, which was significantly better compared to 330 days for the ten patients with stage migration from LD to ED based on CT-scan, (p less than 0.05) and compared to 242 days in the 30 patients with ED demonstrated by both US and CT-scans (p less than 0.05). The prognostic impact of the CT-scan was further investigated in a multivariate analysis (Cox). Stage disease, performance status, LDH and alkaline phosphatase were significant prognostic factors in a proportional hazards model based on the original 106 patients. Patients in the best prognostic group were characterized by LD, good performance status (0-1) and normal LDH and alkaline phosphatase serum values. This group consisted of 22 patients (21%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The impact of abdominal computerized tomography on the pretreatment staging and prognosis of small cell lung cancer. 132 23

Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in 31 patients receiving 150 MBq 89Strontium (89Sr) intravenously due to painful skeletal metastases from hormone resistant prostate cancer. Two and 3 months after the injection prostate specific antigen (PSA) had increased by a median of 36% and 100%, respectively, as compared to the pretreatment value whereas alkaline phosphatase (APHOS) had decreased by about 20% (median). The leucocyte and platelet counts were reduced by about 20-35%, without reaching grade greater than or equal to 2 toxicity. Pain relief was reported in 14 of 29 evaluable patients at 2 months and in 11 of 23 patients at 3 months. It is concluded that 89Sr represents a worthwhile therapeutic modality in the palliation treatment of patients with hormone resistant prostate cancer, though the biological significance of frequently increasing PSA and decreasing APHOS is not yet completely understood.
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PMID:89Strontium in bone metastases from hormone resistant prostate cancer: palliation effect and biochemical changes. 137 58

Twenty-seven of 152 patients (18%) with progressing hormone resistant prostate cancer had normal serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA less than or equal to 10 micrograms l-1), when referred for secondary treatment. PSA was significantly correlated with the extent of skeletal metastases (R: 0.35) and the levels of hemoglobin (R: -0.19) and serum alkaline phosphatase (R: 0.30). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis the survival of the 152 patients was not correlated with the PSA level but with the patients performance status, the level of hemoglobin, and the time between primary hormone treatment and relapse. The lack of serum PSA to predict survival may be explained by a heterogenous composition of hormone resistant prostate cancer as regards differentiated and/or PSA producing vs undifferentiated and/or PSA non-producing cells.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of prostate specific antigen in metastatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer. 137 59

Twenty postmenopausal women (aged between 46 and 67 years old) with skeletal metastases from breast carcinoma were treated with clodronate 450 mg i.v. daily for 5 days and thereafter with 100 mg i.m. daily for 10 days. All patients received standard hormonal therapy (tamoxifen). Symptomatic pain (evaluated according to a linear analog scale), performance status (according to Karnofsky), serum alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine and osteocalcin were measured before and after treatment on days 5, 15, 30 and 45. Scanning by radiology were performed pre- and post-therapy. Bone pain was significantly reduced in 15 out of 20 patients. After clodronate treatment the base line value of circulating osteocalcin (3.2 +/- 1.6 ng/ml) showed a significant increase on days 30 and 45 (p less than 0.001). Radiological assessment of bone lesions showed stable disease in 18 patients and progression in two patients. No adverse side effects were observed. These data show that clodronate provided pain relief in 75% of treated patients and the increase in circulating osteocalcin levels can be considered a marker of the stabilization of skeletal metastatic lesions.
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PMID:Subjective and metabolic effects of clodronate in patients with advanced breast cancer and symptomatic bone metastases. 138 63

A monoclonal radioimmunometric assay for bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) developed by Hybritech, USA, with an upper limit of normal of 40 U/l, was examined in 125 patients with breast cancer. Eleven patients who remained tumour free for 5-6 years had small intra-individual variations of BAP. The median value in 33 patients with multiple bone metastases of 60 U/l was elevated when compared with that in 40 patients with no evidence of metastases (22 U/l) and 34 U/l in 16 with limited bone disease (1-2 hot spots). By contrast, only 2 out of 25 patients with extensive local recurrence, lung, or hepatic metastases, without bone involvement showed an increase of BAP (< 200 U/l). The BAP levels were compared to total alkaline phosphatase (TAP), the breast cancer marker CA 549 (HybriBREScan). Longitudinal studies of 15 patients with bony metastases showed that TAP and BAP were well correlated only when the TAP was elevated; CA 549 and BAP could vary independently. The main use of BAP in patients with bone metastases appears to be an aid to the monitoring of treatment; however, it is not significantly raised in limited bone metastases.
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PMID:Serum bone alkaline phosphatase and CA 549 in breast cancer with bone metastases. 142 Oct 33

In a series of 51 patients with prostate cancer and obstructive uropathy, unilateral or bilateral obstruction was identified in 22 (43%) and 29 (57%) respectively. This included a non-functioning kidney in 12 patients. In 86% of patients the T category was advanced. Bone metastases were present in 36 cases (71%); 19 patients (37%) had chronic retention. All patients with metastatic disease underwent hormonal manipulation and 43 underwent transurethral resection of the prostate. External beam radiotherapy, percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteric reimplantation were performed in 4, 5 and 1 patient respectively. Actuarial survival of all 51 patients was 57 and 25% at 2 and 5 years. Presentation with bilateral or non-function did not predict a worse prognosis in comparison with patients with unilateral hydroureteronephrosis. Raised alkaline phosphatase and prostatic acid phosphatase were of no prognostic value, while creatinine reached marginal significance. A positive bone scan and raised urea were strongly predictive of a poor outlook. It was concluded that prostate cancer and obstructive uropathy should not uniformly imply a terminal event, and interventional therapy is justified with a 25% 5-year survival rate.
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PMID:Outcome and prognostic factors in patients with advanced prostate cancer and obstructive uropathy. 145 Aug 51


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