Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peritoneoscopy with liver biopsy was routinely done as a pretreatment staging procedure in 190 patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. Subtyping of the patients according to the WHO classification included 28.3% with fusiform cell type (WHO II,1), 28.9% with polygonal cell type (WHO II,2), 41.5% with lymphocytelike cell type (WHO II,3) and 1.3% with mixed types (WHO II, 4). Liver metastases were found in 21% of the patients with adequate liver biopsy. In addition macroscopic signs of liver metastases were observed in 9%. No significant differences were observed among the histological subtypes. Liver function tests, such as alkaline phosphatase, LDH and GOT, were of little value in excluding liver metastases. On the other hand, 2 of 3 abnormal liver function tests were highly indicative of liver metastases. In patients with positive liver biopsy, 41% had liver metastases alone and 76% had no other evidence of distant metastatic disease if bone-marrow involvement identified with bone marrow examination is excluded as a staging procedure.
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PMID:Peritoneoscopy in the staging of 190 patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung with special reference to subtyping. 20 45

Using the simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, serum alkaline phosphatase could be separated 5 isozyme bands in various digestive diseases, consisting of 54 cases of gastric cancer, 11 of colonic cancer, 12 of hepatoma, 4 of cholangioma, 14 of pancreatic cancer, 81 of benign hepatobilliary diseases, 13 of cancers of other organs and 61 of control. The obtained results were as follows: 1) The electrophoretic analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase showed the specific band remaining at the origin, already reported as "alkaline phosphatase O", in primary and metastatic cancer of the liver and cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cancerous metastasis to the liver, and it was also inclined to be positive with the progress of liver metastasis among them. 2) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was usually found in higher frequency in blood group B and O than in the others, and it was apt to disappear in gastric or colonic cancer with an exacerbation of its cancerous lesions. 3) Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 10% of gastric or colonic cancer, all of which were histologically proved to be well differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase (Al-Pase) isozyme in gastric and colonic cancer (using a simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). 21 41

Isoenzyme V of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (5'-NPD-V) is present in the peripheral sera of patients with hepatic metastases. A total of 122 patients underwent prospective serologic analysis followed by operation for primary tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and careful evaluation of the liver. A positive 5'-NPD-V assay was found in fifty-nine of sixty patients with liver metastases. A negative 5'-NPD-V assay was found in forty-three of sixty-two patients with no evidence of hepatic metastases. The accuracy of the test was 84 per cent, and the predictive value was 75 per cent. Serum 5'-NPD-V was abnormal significantly more frequently in patients with metastatic liver disease than were liver scans or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), and total serum bilirubin or serum alkaline phosphatase levels.
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PMID:Serum 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase as a predictor of hepatic metastases in gastrointestinal cancer. 21 45

Levels of alkaline phosphatase were measured in the primary tumor of 26 patients with osteosarcoma. One of seven patients with a tissue alkaline phosphatase level less than 0.6 microM/min/mg developed pulmonary metastases. In contrast, 16 or 17 patients with a tissue alkaline phosphatase level greater than 0.6 microM/min/mg developed pulmonary metastases. It thus appears that tissue alkaline phosphatase levels of primary osteosarcomas are strongly correlated with prognosis (p less than .01).
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PMID:Alkaline phosphatase levels in osteosarcoma tissue are related to prognosis. 29 11

The recent reports of the use of serum and tissue enzyme assays in primary diagnosis and then in following the course of the disease have been reviewed. These include use of bone marrow acid phosphatase, isoenzymes of both acid and alkaline phosphatase, LDH5/LDH1 ratios, sialyltransferase and the combination of carcinoembryonic antigen with serum enzyme assays to help in prediction of the occurrence of hepatic metastases.
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PMID:Enzyme patterns in cancer. 32 72

The clinical assessment of patients with Stages I and II breast cancer is outlined in Figure 1. A chest x-ray film and serum alkaline phosphatase are the only routine studies indicated. If the serum alkaline phosphatase is abnormal in the presence of otherwise normal liver function studies, a bone scan, liver scan, and CEA should be obtained. Areas of increased radioactivity on bone scan are always evaluated by additional radiographs and in some cases tomograms. The majority of focal areas of increased radioactivity will demonstrate radiographic evidence of benign bone lesions, predominantly degenerative joint disease. Only those focal areas of increased radioactivity that are normal on x-ray film or show radiographic evidence of metastases are considered to be positive for metastatic disease. The results of the liver scan are correlated with the level of CEA. Focal areas of decreased radioactivity associated with a CEA greater than 5 ng per ml are considered to be metastases. In the absence of elevation of the CEA, focal areas of increased radioactivity should be biopsied prior to any further considerations as to definitive therapy. The clinical assessment of patients with Stage III disease is outlined in Figure 2. Patients with this stage of disease have a much greater chance of having clinically occult metastases of sufficient size to be detected by chest x-ray film, serum alkaline phosphatase, and bone scan. If the serum alkaline phosphatase is abnormal, a liver scan and CEA are obtained in an effort to detect liver metastases. The same sequence of events is then followed as suggested for patients with Stages I and II disease. Several new techniques of detecting occult metastases are being evaluated. Biomarkers are the subject of another article in this volume. The use of computerized axial tomography is also being evaluated as a means of detecting lung, liver, and mediastinal metastases. The results of these initial clinical trials should be carefully followed.
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PMID:Preoperative assessment of the patient with breast cancer. 35 93

15 patients with distant metastases of hypernephroid carcinoma were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (usually 300 mg daily by mouth). In 5 patients the metastases showed slower growth, remained stationary or regressed somewhat under this treatment. But a complete regression of metastases could not be obtained. The treatment was very well tolerated. Monitoring the transaminases and alkaline phosphatase during treatment is to be recommended.
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PMID:[The treatment of metastasizing hypernephroid (renal cell) carcinoma with medroxyprogesterone acetate (Clinovir) (author's transl]. 40 57

An essential part of the classification of prostate carcinoma is the diagnosis of bone metastases. This was done with 70 patients using x-ray analysis, scintography, determination of the acid and alkaline phosphatase, and pelvic crest biopsy, as well as aspiration of the pelvic and sternal bone marrow. In addition, the hydroxyproline concentration was determined in the 24-hour-urine. The study, which was initially undertaken on a sample group (n = 145), yielded a high correlation between age and sex and hydroxyproline values. Women before menopause show significantly lower values than do men of the same age. The data on patients with prostata cancer (n = 70) showed that patients with and without bone metastases, who had been treated with estrogens, had a significantly lower quantity of hydroxyproline than did patients who had not received estrogen therapy. Patients with skeletal metastases (n = 24) showed significantly higher hydroxyproline excretion in the urine than did those with prostate cancer without metastases, or healthy men of the same age (n = 35). Comparison of the results of hydroxyproline determination with the other diagnostic methods for demonstrating bone metastases showed that hydroxyproline determination was diagnostically on par with the scintigram. Pelvic crest biopsy, pelvic and sternal marrow aspiration can be considered valuable supplementary diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Urinary hydroxyproline in healthy patients and in prostate patients with and without bone metastases. 44 76

A retrospective study of 146 patients with metastatic disease was undertaken to verify the clinical impression that radionuclide scanning rarely, if ever, discloses hepatic metastases in breast cancer patients with normal serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels. Only two of 39 patients with abnormal liver scans had normal AP levels, and we conclude that liver scans are not necessary as a routine screening method for liver metastases when the AP level is normal. In contrast AP levels were not predictive of bone scan results. All patients with a twofold or greater elevation of the AP level had abnormal bone, liver, or bone and liver scans. Routine AP determinations provide accurate staging information, and their proper use can decrease the cost of initial and follow-up examination of patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase determination. Value in the staging of advanced breast cancer. 47 66

Serial plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined in 84 patients with breast cancer who were receiving postsurgical adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy. CEA values were correlated with clinical status, scintiscans, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, and SGOT. CEA values greater than 2.5 ng/ml were considered abnormal. Thirty patients had normal serial CEA values; all remain disease-free. In 54 patients one or more abnormal CEA values were recorded; nine of 54 developed overt metastatic disease. Relapses occurred in four of 38 patients in whom values up to 5 ng/ml were recorded, in three of 14 patients in whom values up to 10 ng/ml were recorded, and in two of two patients in whom values greater than 10 ng/ml were recorded.
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PMID:Role of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in evaluating patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. 47 7


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