Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteoblastic bony metastases were observed in a case of medulloblastoma three years after surgery and radiation treatment. There was clinical response to COP therapy (cytoxin, oncovin, prednisone). Radiographic and isotopic bone scan study showed uniform increase in bone density. Serum calcium and phosphorous and acid phosphatase levels were normal. Alkaline phosphatase was elevated and declined with therapy without change in the bone appearance. This suggested an increase in bone deposition activity. However, no increase in calcitonin level was detected either during active disease or following a chemotherapy-induced remission.
 ...
PMID:Generalized osteoblastic bony metastases from medulloblastoma. 102 58

Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is a tissue specific marker that is now the most widely used biochemical test for the assessment and follow-up of prostate cancer. The levels of PSA rise with tumor stage, but there is considerable overlap of their distribution between stages. PSA measurement now forms a part of the workup of a suspected carcinoma of the prostate, with a level of more than 4 ng/ml being an indication for further investigation. The sensitivity of PSA makes it an essential test for the postoperative assessment of radical prostatectomy and curative radiation therapy. The rates of change of PSA levels in locally advanced and metastatic disease treated by hormone manipulation can provide prognostic information. Low levels of PSA (less than 10 ng/ml) 6 months after treatment are a sign that the response will be prolonged. However, the sensitivity of PSA often results in a rising level preceding clinical evidence of progression by several months and is not necessarily an indication to change treatment. Alkaline phosphatase and prostatic acid phosphatase provide a less sensitive test for the bone response to skeletal metastases and tumor activity in advanced disease, respectively.
 ...
PMID:Tumor markers in prostate cancer. 137 92

Alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and hydroxyproline levels were evaluated in patients with the following conditions: primary hyperparathyroidism, renal dialysis, hyperthyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, long term corticosteroid therapy, Paget's disease, osteoblastic metastases, osteolytic or mixed metastases, and nutritional osteomalacia. In all cases the levels of the three substances were increased, with the following exceptions: a) in endogenous or exogenous hypercortisolism states osteocalcin level was reduced and those of alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline were unchanged; and b) in blastic or lytic metastases osteocalcin level was unchanged. In general, alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline levels had a higher sensitivity than those of osteocalcin in structural bone disease (Paget's disease, blastic or lytic metastases), whereas the converse was true for endocrine bone disease (the remaining conditions except osteomalacia, which is mixed, both structural and endocrine; in this syndrome, the three substances showed the same sensitivity.
 ...
PMID:[Different behavior of bone turnover markers in endocrine (extrinsic) and structural (intrinsic) osteopathies]. 234 91

Alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AsT) assays, as well as ultrasonography are the easiest and least expensive examinations to perform in the diagnosis of hepatic metastases. The 273 patients included in this series had cancer of the digestive tract. The diagnosis of presence or absence of liver metastases was made at surgery and was positive in 38 patients (14 per cent). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn after computing the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of each laboratory determination while the threshold indicating that the value was normal was incremented. The examinations were then compared in terms of Se, Sp, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The threshold was determined on the ROC curve where less false-positive and more true-positive results were shown. According to predictive values, laboratory determinations could be classified in decreasing order of usefulness as: AP, LDH, GGT and AsT. Ultrasonography had a positive predictive value of 68 per cent a negative predictive value of 95 per cent, both figures being higher than those of any laboratory examination. These results suggest that ultrasonography has a higher diagnostic value than any of the enzyme assays in the detection of hepatic metastases. Moreover, ultrasonography provides morphological information which, in case of liver resection, may be useful to the surgeon.
 ...
PMID:[Detection of hepatic metastasis of digestive cancers. Value of enzyme assays and ultrasonography]. 257 89

Prognostic indicators in 67 patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases were analyzed. These patients were identified to have isolated hepatic metastases after extensive radiological evaluation and demonstrated good performance status without evidence of liver failure. Univariate analysis revealed 6 of 22 factors that were associated with survival: alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), occult intra-abdominal extrahepatic disease, percent hepatic replacement by tumor (PHR), sex, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A multivariate analysis identified two independent factors that jointly influenced survival: AP and PHR. Patients with an AP greater than 175 U/liter had a greater than threefold relative risk of dying compared with patients with AP less than or equal to 175 U/liter (P = 0.0001). Patients with PHR II or III (25-75%, greater than 75%) also had a greater than threefold relative risk of dying compared with patients with PHR 1 (less than 25%; P = 0.0074). Our patient population is typical of that being entered into trials examining experimental therapies. Alkaline phosphatase and extent of liver involvement by tumor are significant prognostic indicators that should be accounted for in such studies.
 ...
PMID:Determinants of survival in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases. 292 37

Eleven acute rejections were found in 9 patients with liver transplantation due to end-stage liver cirrhosis. The rejections were diagnosed with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) giving the cellular picture of immunoactivation in the liver graft when compared to a simultaneous sample of peripheral blood. s-Alkaline phosphatase and s-bilirubin increased within 1 week after onset of rejection in 7 and 10 cases, respectively. s-Alanine amino-transferase and b-ammonium were of no value in the diagnosis of acute rejection. A core biopsy was obtained only in a case of severe liver damage, mainly to estimate the need for retransplantation. One year after grafting, 6 out of 7 cirrhotic patients are well, all with normal liver function. Two have died of sepsis. One patient died from pulmonary metastases of occult liver carcinoma 6 months after the transplantation. FNAB seems helpful in detecting early acute rejection and also excluding such an event in the liver graft.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis of acute rejection in liver transplantation. 304 94

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) activities are stained in rat blood serum and osteogenic sarcomas of different histostructure, which developed following a combined exposure of 239Pu (92.5 kBq/kg of body mass) and gamma-irradiation (103.2 mC/kg), as well as following separate exposures to these factors at the same doses. Alkaline phosphatase activities in blood serum and neoplastic bone tissues were found to correlate with the histostructure of osteogenic sarcomas, the distribution and the localization of metastases. Shifts in an isoenzymic spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase in neoplastic bone tissues and blood serum are observed, with a tendency to an increase in the LDG3 and LDG4 and to a decrease in the LDG5 fractions.
 ...
PMID:[Lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity of the serum and radiation-induced osteosarcoma in rats]. 316 46

Patients with newly diagnosed prostatic cancer should be investigated with regard to the presence or absence of distant metastases by (1) Taking a history especially of weight loss and recent onset backache (2) Examining them, looking especially for hepatic enlargement or peripheral lymph nodes (3) Performance status (4) Hemoglobin, Bilirubin, Liver enzymes, Alkaline and Acid phosphatase (5) Chest Xray. (6) Bone scan with specific Xrays directed at hot spots. (7) Ultrasound scan of liver if liver function tests are abnormal. Ultrasound scan of lymph nodes and kidneys is optional. (8) Any other tests indicated in special circumstances. Follow-up, 3-monthly as a rule, should include (1) The presence of pain and analgesic requirements (2) Weight (3) Performance status (4) Hemoglobin, Alkaline phosphatase, Acid phosphatase (5) Chest Xray, three monthly if abnormal. Annually otherwise. (6) Bone scan with Xray of new hot spots, 6-monthly. If there is doubt about the presence of a new hot spot, repeat the bone scan and Xray at 3 months.
 ...
PMID:The staging of M1 disease: the role of bone scan, Xray and other imaging techniques. 329 62

The prognostic significance of skeletal scintigraphy has been reassessed in relation to other tests by extended follow-up of 220 patients. Skeletal metastases increased in prevalence with T stage and were associated with shorter survival irrespective of age. Early disease, a normal acid or alkaline phosphatase at presentation and well differentiated tumours were associated with longer survival. Alkaline phosphatase alone accounted for all of the differences in survival. Scintigraphic change preceded elevation of the prostatic acid phosphatase in 81% of the patients whose initial scintigraphy and prostatic acid phosphatase were normal but who developed evidence of distant metastases on follow-up. The mean interval between scintigraphic conversion and the development of overt symptoms was 5.8 months. Our findings discount the value of skeletal scintigraphy for determining prognosis but do indicate that it is more sensitive than the acid phosphatase in identifying patients before they become symptomatic. Scintigraphy is indicated as a routine staging procedure in all new patients with carcinoma of prostate. In patients with a normal alkaline phosphatase, a baseline and regular follow-up are needed to identify patients likely soon to develop symptoms. If the alkaline phosphatase is elevated at presentation, scintigraphy is necessary to distinguish benign from malignant causes and to determine the extent of skeletal involvement.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic significance of alkaline and acid phosphatase and skeletal scintigraphy in carcinoma of the prostate. 408 32

Ten tumor markers were measured in serum or urine at approximately three month intervals in patients with breast cancer following mastectomy but before development of overt metastatic disease. In 23 patients who later had metastases, only three markers, alkaline phosphatase, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were consistently abnormal prior to the development of detectable metastases in more than one patient. In half the patients, a "lead interval" of three months or more was obtained using these three markers and little advantage was obtained by the addition of any other biochemical marker. The value of these three measurements was then assessed in a larger group of patients and compared with other tests for metastases. Alkaline phosphatase, CEA, gamma-GT, clinical examination, and chest x-ray were the best indices of the metastatic state in breast cancer, being collectively abnormal in 98% of patients at first presentation with metastases. The authors recommend screening patients postoperatively with these five tests for metastases; more detailed tests should only be carried out if results of one or more these are abnormal.
 ...
PMID:Screening for metastases in breast cancer: an assessment of biochemical and physical methods. 611 47


1 2 Next >>