Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ultrastructural appearances of 7 primitive neuroepithelial tumours (PNETs) originating in soft tissues and bone are described. Three of the tumours represented primary soft tissue lesions, while locally recurrent tumour or pulmonary metastases were studied from the 4 skeletal tumours, all of which had been diagnosed previously as Ewing's sarcomas. Rosettes were present in one of the soft tissue lesions and although not seen in the primary skeletal neoplasms, they were identified by light microscopy (LM) in 2 of 3 pulmonary metastases, one of which had the morphology of a neuroepithelioma, with innumerable Homer Wright rosettes. Conventional TEM revealed cytoplasmic processes in all cases and rosettes in varying stages of development were also evident, but the appearances did not achieve the level of cellular organization seen in neuroblastoma: microtubules were few, while dense-core granules varied in number but were generally sparse and pleomorphic, resembling lysosomes. However, typical neurosecretory granules were found in one lung metastasis; the neoplastic cells comprising the same tumour also had epithelial markers in the form of well constructed desmosomes, while freeze-fracture analysis demonstrated elaborate tight junctions. In thin sections, junctions in the other tumours appeared rudimentary, but freeze-fracture of a further case revealed small collections of membrane particles suggesting extremely poorly developed desmosomes. Immunocytochemical study of 4 tumours (2 originating in soft tissue and 2 in bone) demonstrated weak to moderate immunostaining for neurone-specific enolase and with several monoclonal antibodies reactive with neuroblastomas, but there was no evidence of immunolabelling for tyrosine hydroxylase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Primitive neuroepithelial tumours of soft tissues and of bone: further ultrastructural and immunocytochemical clarification of 'Ewing's sarcoma', including freeze-fracture analysis. 264 32

The morphology and the proliferation rate of two metastases to the brain of human large cell cancer of the lung were determined following excision. TEM of the metastasis suggested one to be a low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, while the other fullfilled the criteria for an adenocarcinoma. Cell cultures derived from these metastases were studied as to their morphology and proliferative capacity when grown as monolayers and in spheroid culture. One of the cell lines obtained (Tp 242-C) was found to be anaplastic in culture and to show few special characteristics, while the other (Tp 362-C) demonstrated a number of unique qualities such as an inability to translocate both on glass and on substrate covered by extracellular matrix, an island pattern of cell growth in monolayer culture, multiple desmosome junctions between the cells, and the production of inter- and intra-cellular, villi- covered luminae. In spheroid culture the line Tp 242-C formed tissue-like tumorlets which of the original metastasis. These two new lines of human lung cancers, when fully characterized, may prove of value in biological and therapeutic studies of human lung cancer of the large cell type, the origin, homogeneity as a group and behaviour of which are still under debate.
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PMID:Growth and morphological characteristics of two brain metastases of human large cell carcinomas of the lung in vivo and in monolayer and spheroid cultures. 630 58

The larval stage (metacestode) of Echinococcus multilocularis was studied by means of electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) before and after subcutaneous transplantation to jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) and in their lymph nodes and lungs with parasite metastases. It was found that the metacestode consists of a network of solid, cellular protrusions (buds) of the germinal layer which transform to tube-like and cystic structures devoid or with a laminated layer. Proliferation of the metacestode apparently occurs by protruding filamentous solid cell columns (buds) from the germinal layer. Their tips have diameters of only one cell: they are covered with a smooth syncytial tegument without microtriches and are filled with undifferentiated cells which contain a nucleus with a large nucleolus. The tegument is constantly enlarged by fusion with the underlying undifferentiated cells that divide repeatedly. At some distance from the tip a cavity develops inside the protrusion, thus finally giving rise to a tube-like structure which may transform to a cystic expansion. Simultaneously, the surface of the protrusion changes by the formation of microtriches and the occurrence of an amorphous laminated layer. The latter is concentrically covered by connective tissue cells and large amounts of collagen. Within cyst-brood capsules, finally protoscoleces are formed from accumulations of undifferentiated cells beneath the tegument. The study has unequivocally proven the cestode nature of the cellular protrusions, and it is assumed that detachment of cells from these structures and their subsequent distribution via the circulation may play a role in the formation of metastases. The origin of the laminated layer is discussed.
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PMID:Proliferation and metastases formation of larval Echinococcus multilocularis. II. Ultrastructural investigations. 665 52

From August 1st 1989 to May 1st 1993, 190 rectal adenomas and 75 carcinomas were locally excised with the TEM technique. The mortality was 0.4%, the rate of complications which required surgical re-intervention was 3% in adenomas and 8% in carcinomas. The final histology of the removed carcinomas revealed 44 pT1, 23 pT2 and eight pT3 stages. In two of the eight re-resected patients with pT1 low-risk tumours, residual primary tumour but no lymph node metastases were found. In contrast to this, three of the eleven re-resected patients with pT2 low-risk tumours had already developed lymph node metastases. After an average follow-up time of 14 months, two recurrences were observed in the group of the only locally treated patients with pT1 low-risk carcinomas. Both underwent a secondary procedure for cure but in late tumour stages. No recurrence was diagnosed so far among the re-resected patients.
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PMID:TEM results of the Tuebingen group. 786 55

The coagulation and fibrinolysis profile was evaluated in 40 patients with newly diagnosed untreated colorectal carcinoma (24 males, 16 females; 29 patients without and 11 patients with metastases). Fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen, FVIII:C, thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT III), fibrin monomers (FM), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and D-dimers were tested. None of the patients had clinical or laboratory evidence of serious hemorrhage or thrombosis. The results of global routine coagulation tests (aPTT, PT) were not significantly changed. Significant elevations were found for median fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen, FVIII:C, TAT III and D-dimers, compared with a healthy reference group. These results confirm earlier reports of an enhanced level of both coagulation and fibrinolysis markers in carcinoma patients and might be helpful in trying to understand the impact of several relatively new sensitive coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in colorectal cancer. Moreover the position of the coagulation/fibrinolysis balance might be an explanation for the elevated incidence of thrombotic events in patients with cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of the coagulation/fibrinolysis balance in patients with colorectal cancer. 827 20

Local therapy of rectal carcinoma with the method of TEM was performed in 98 patients during the period from August 1, 1989 to January 31, 1994. 56 of the patients had pT1, 27 pT2, and 15 pT3 tumours. There was no lethality. The rate of complications, which required operative intervention, was 8%. No lymph node metastases were found in the specimens of the patients with pT1 tumours, who were re-resected, because the margin of the primary specimen were judged to be not free of tumour. In the specimens of the re-resected patients with pT2 carcinomas, lymph node involvement was more common than remnants of the primary tumour. Two of the patients with local therapy of pT1 low-risk carcinomas developed a recurrence so far. A secondary procedure for cure according to oncologic criteria could be performed in both cases. In selected cases the local therapy of rectal carcinoma avoids the high morbidity and mortality of the classical operation. Live quality will be improved, especially if an artificial anus can be avoided. In case of a recurrence the chance of a secondary procedure for cure is not to be underestimated.
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PMID:[Local therapy of rectum carcinoma. A prospective follow-up study]. 888 Dec 9

Experiments were carried out on Buffalo rats with implantable Morris hepatoma 5123 growing in the skeletal muscles of the limbs. Mutein VI (a protein which differs from the native TNF-alpha molecule in its N-terminal amino acid composition) was administered at a dose of 10 micrograms per rat once a day in a cycle of 8 days. Control animals were given saline (PBS). Ultrastructural changes within the pulmonary tissue were evaluated with an electron transmission microscope (TEM), with special attention paid to endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells. Quantitative analysis of neoplastic metastases to the lungs was carried out. The animals given mutein VI compared to those injected with PBS demonstrated a decrease in the number of metastases. TEM pictures showed accumulations of eosinophilic granulocytes and monocytes in the lumen of the blood vessels. Enhanced activity of endothelial cells was observed. In pulmonary alveoli conglomerates of fibrin, and fragments of damaged cells were found, with erythrocytes, granulocytes and macrophages in their vicinity. The epithelium of pulmonary alveoli showed signs of considerable damage, including necrosis. The mutein VI-hrec TNF-alpha was found to block the neoplastic process, illustrated by a reduction in the volume of lung parenchyma occupied by neoplastic metastases. Also, the ultrastructural changes observed in the pulmonary tissue indicate the possibility of peripheral action of mutein VI after its administration to rats carrying the Morris hepatoma.
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PMID:Studies on pulmonary tissue after administration of mutein VI-HREC TNF-alpha into implantable experimental Morris hepatoma. 906 67

Human solid tumors contain hypoxic regions that have considerably lower oxygen tension than normal tissues. These impart resistance to radiotherapy and anticancer chemotherapy, as well as predisposing to increased tumor metastases. To develop a potentially therapeutic protein drug highly specific for solid tumors, we constructed fusion proteins selectively stabilized in hypoxic tumor cells. A model fusion protein, oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD)-beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal), composed of a part of the ODD domain of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha fused to beta-Gal, showed increased stability in cultured cells under a hypoxia-mimic condition. When ODD-beta-Gal was further fused to the HIV-TAT protein transduction domain (TAT(47-57)) and i.p. injected to a tumor-bearing mouse, the biologically active fusion protein was specifically stabilized in solid tumors but was hardly detected in the normal tissue. Furthermore, when wild-type (WT) caspase-3 (Casp3(WT)) or its catalytically inactive mutant was fused to TAT-ODD and i.p. injected to a tumor-bearing mouse, the size of tumors was reduced by the administration of TAT-ODD-Casp3(WT) but not by TAT-ODD-mutant Casp3. TAT-ODD-Casp3(WT) did not cause any obvious side effects on tumor-bearing mice, suggesting specific stabilization and activation of the fusion protein in the hypoxic tumor cells. These results suggest that the combination of protein therapy using a cytotoxic TAT-ODD fusion protein with radiotherapy and chemotherapy may provide a new strategy for annihilating solid tumors.
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PMID:Antitumor effect of TAT-oxygen-dependent degradation-caspase-3 fusion protein specifically stabilized and activated in hypoxic tumor cells. 1192 18

Prophylactic thyroidectomy is recommended for carriers of RET protooncogene mutations owing to their nearly complete penetrance for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). However, this guideline is challenged by mutations exhibiting variable penetrance of C-cell pathology. A 38-year-old woman presented with pathologic basal and pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin levels. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous RET protooncogene germline mutation in codon 791 (exon 13) (TAT(Tyr)-->TTT(Phe)), followed by thyroidectomy and systematic central lymph node dissection. Histology showed C-cell hyperplasia (CCH) only. Three additional carriers were identified among family members. The 71-year-old father refused surgery despite pathologic calcitonin levels. The index patient's 37-year-old sister had normal basal and stimulated calcitonin levels, and her 6-year-old son had a 10-fold rise of calcitonin after pentagastrin stimulation. Both patients underwent the same operation as the index patient. The sister had 25 hyperplastic C-cells, but the her son had extensive CCH without MTC. The eldest uncle of the index patient had died of metastatic MTC at the age of 52 with unknown carrier status. Despite variable penetrance, each carrier of a RET protooncogene germline mutation should undergo thyroidectomy, even if basal and stimulated calcitonin levels are normal because at present no test can exclude or predict the age of development of MTC. Moreover, pathologic calcitonin levels cannot differentiate between CCH and MTC. Central lymph node dissection is recommended, as lymph node metastases occur early, significantly worsening the prognosis.
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PMID:Surgical strategy in a kindred with a rare RET protooncogene mutation of variable penetrance with regard to multiple endocrine neoplasia. 1220 48

The goal of this review is to outline some of the important surgical issues surrounding the management of patients with early (T1/T2 and N0), as well as locally advanced (T3/T4 and/or N1) rectal cancer. Surgery for rectal cancer continues to develop towards the ultimate goals of improved local control and overall survival, maintaining quality of life, and preserving sphincter, genitourinary, and sexual function. Information concerning the depth of tumor penetration through the rectal wall, lymph node involvement, and presence of distant metastatic disease is of crucial importance when planning a curative rectal cancer resection. Preoperative staging is used to determine the indication for neoadjuvant therapy as well as the indication for local excision versus radical cancer resection. Local excision is likely to be curative in most patients with a primary tumor which is limited to the submucosa (T1N0M0), without high-risk features and in the absence of metastatic disease. In appropriate patients, minimally invasive procedures, such as local excision, TEM, and laparoscopic resection allow for improved patient comfort, shorter hospital stays, and earlier return to preoperative activity level. Once the tumor invades the muscularis propria (T2), radical rectal resection in acceptable operative candidates is recommended. In patients with transmural and/or node positive disease (T3/T4 and/or N1) with no distant metastases, preoperative chemoradiation followed by radical resection according to the principles of TME has become widely accepted. During the planning and conduct of a radical operation for a locally advanced rectal cancer, a number of surgical management issues are considered, including: (1) total mesorectal excision (TME); (2) autonomic nerve preservation (ANP); (3) circumferential resection margin (CRM); (4) distal resection margin; (5) sphincter preservation and options for restoration of bowel continuity; (6) laparoscopic approaches; and (7) postoperative quality of life.
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PMID:Modern management of rectal cancer: a 2006 update. 1671 38


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