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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-seven histologically confirmed cases of Ewing's tumour are reported, with typical age, sex and skeletal distributions. The disease-free survival curves are like those for osteosarcoma of corresponding types of bone, but with higher mortality. The two-year disease-free survival rates were 24 percent for tumours of long bones and 5 per cent for those of other bones. Osseous metastases were most frequent, although the lung was the commonest single site involved. There were secondary deposits in lymph nodes in nine patients, possibly also in four more with mediastinal enlargement. Although initially radiosensitive, one-third of tumours recurred locally, almost always with the appearance of metastases. Neither whole bone irradiation nor high dosage alone ensures complete control of the primary tumour, and it is suggested that recently reported improved results of treatment should be attributed to adjuvant multi-drug chemotherapy. Inadequate control of the primary tumour diminishes the chance of survival and for some sites radical operation merits reconsideration.
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PMID:Ewing's tumour. A study of behaviour and treatment in forty-seven cases. 105 45

The paper presents a detailed comparison of the anatomical distribution and frequency of clinically evident metastases in 152 cases of osteosarcoma, and autopsy findings in 43 cases. The behaviour of long bone tumours is contrasted with those arising elsewhere, which tend to metastasize less widely because of early death from effects of the primary tumour. In both clinical and autopsy series long bone tumours produced lung metastases (LM) in over 90% of patients dying with metastases, but the terminal frequency of extra-pulmonary metastases (EPM) rises from a clinical level of 33% to 83% at autopsy. There was little difference between tumours of the major long bones in the frequency of either LM or EPM, but EPM from the humerus tended to be fewer and sited above the diaphragm and from the femur below it. EPM most often involved other bones, notably vertebrae and pelvis. Not more than 10% of tumours invaded regional lymph nodes but terminally a quarter of the long bone tumours had metastasized to heart and abdomen. The infrequency of metastases in muscle was confirmed. The median time for LM was 5-6 months after starting treatment, for EPM 9-10. months. First metastases after 24 months were infrequent, especially in children. With delay in the appearance of metastases, whether LM or EPM, post-metastatic survival lengthened. Neither age, sex nor mode of treatment of the primary notably affected metastatic frequency, although recurrences were much more numerous when radiotherapy, even with high dosage, was the definitive treatment. Local recurrence usually appeared within 6-8 months and was shown to lead to increased frequency of osseous metastases. It is suggested that terminal dissemination may often be tertiary but not always from a pulmonary secondary.
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PMID:The metastatic patterns of osteosarcoma. 105 38

Dunn osteosarcoma cells injected i.v. into tumor-free isogeneic C3H/He mice resulted in artificial pulmonary metastases, which were treated by cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg/day i.p. for 3 days) or single thoracic X-ray doses of 1500 rads either 1 or 14 days after tumor cell injection. Compared to untreated controls, reduction in lung colony number and increase in life-span for the 1-day metastases were 56 and 46% for radiated mice, and 100 and greater than 367% for cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Corresponding values for 14-day metastases were 42, 26, 85, and 98%, respectively. Nine of 44 mice bearing 1-day metastases treated by cyclophosphamide are surviving greater than 340 days after treatment. Both treatments resulted in the extension of life-span and reduction of the number of lung colonies, and, in both modalities, there was a reduced antitumor effectiveness when treatment was withheld until the disease was more advanced.
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PMID:Survival of mice with metastatic osteosarcoma treated by cyclophosphamide or radiotherapy. 105 4

Careful study of 40 cases of osteosarcoma without evidence of multifocal disease, pulmonary metastasis, or history of exposure to predisposing factors has given histologic evidence of microscopic foci of osteosarcoma separate from the primary focus of osteogenic sarcoma. These "skip" lesions are to all pathologic examination completely separate from the primary focus of osteogenic sarcoma. They are more often found proximal to the primary, both intraosseously and transarticularly. Histologically, these "skips" represent areas of osteosarcoma which in many cases are a less-differenitated form of the tumor. The natural history of such tumors with "skips" following ablative surgery is an increased incidence of local recurrence and subsequent pulmonary metastases.
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PMID:"Skip" metastases in osteosarcoma. 106 May 7

A transplantable murine osteosarcoma is described. Following transplantation into a syngeneic mouse the tumor grows rapidly and kills the mouse with pulmonary metastases simulating human osteosarcoma. A cell-mediated antibody response is evoked in the host mouse as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro tests. The number of pulmonary metastases may be decreased with adjunctive immunotherapy following excision of the primary tumor. Immunotherapeutic materials include BCG and isologous cells treated with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase.
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PMID:Immunological studies in murine osteosarcoma. Immunogenicity, growth kinetics, and immunotherapy. 106 29

Pulmonary metastases were measured in 7 patients with osteosarcoma. The growth curve of these metastases appears to conform closely to a Gompertzian function, a mathematical description widely accepted as a model for tumor growth in animal systems. Growth curves for pulmonary metastases were projected backwards assuming exponential growth for that period between amputation and initial roentgenologic detection. Lesion size at the time of amputation is estimated and found to vary widely from miniscule lesions of a few cells to large foci destined to become roentgenographically detectable within a few weeks of amputation.
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PMID:Growth characteristics of pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma. 106 97

Seventy patients received primary surgical or radiotherapeutic treatment for osteosarcoma at the University of California-San Francisco between 1950 and 1974. Twenty-two received surgery alone and 27 received preoperative irradiation followed at varying intervals by surgery. Twenty-one patients received irradiation alone because of tumor location, refusal of recommended surgery, or development of metastatic disease. The results are analyzed and the role of radiation therapy in the primary management of osteosarcoma is discussed. The authors believe that irradiation without chemotherapy offers little in terms of palliation or enhanced survival in patients who are able to undergo radical surgery.
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PMID:The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma. 106 87

126 osteosarcoma under the age of 15 years are followed up in an interclinical study. There is a steady increase of tumor incidence towards the 15th year with a slight male preponderance. The main sites of the tumor are the distal femur followed by the proximal tibia and humerus. Evidence of multiple metastases is most often present in the lungs, less often in the skeleton. Nearly always metastases became evident within 2 1/2 years after diagnosis (98%). Therefore the 2 1/2-year disease--free survival rate seems to be sufficient for prognostic evaluation. The over all 2 1/2-year survival rate was 17,5%. Though the different methods of treatment are not statistically valid, the best results can be expected after early amputation. By radiotherapy alone no cure has been achieved. Survivals were seen at any age and at any site of long bones (distal femur, proximal tibia, humerus, femur, distal radius). Prognosis of osteosarcoma in the childhood is similar to that of the adult group.
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PMID:[Treatment and prognosis of osteosarcoma in childhood (author's transl)]. 106 18

Of approximately 1,999 cases of osteogenic sarcomas at the Mayo Clinic, 25 were diagnosed as telangiectatic osteogenic sarcomas. Of the 25 patients involved, 16 were males and 9 were females, and their ages ranged from 6 to 49 years. Six patients had had pathologic fracture. The lesions were typically located centrally and usually in the distal femur or proximal humerus and roentgenographically were large and purely lytic with destruction of cortex. Grossly, the lesions were cystic and contained clotted blood. Histologically, cystic spaces that contained blood were lined with anaplastic spindle cells and benign giant cells; sometimes, there were so few malignant cells that diagnosis was difficult. Usually, fine, lacelike osteoid was present. Of the 25 patients, 23 have died of metastatic disease, and another has developed pulmonary metastasis 11 months after amputation. Only one patient has survived for more than five years; however, he has developed pneumothorax. Data from this series suggest that the outlook in telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma is more bleak than in conventional osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma. 106 3

Single and repeated applications of 224Ra and single applications of 227Th to more than 600 female NMRI mice 3 - 4 weeks old, and to male NMRI mice have led to a high rate of osteosarcomas. Tumor incidence is dose-related. 227Th is more carcinogenic than 224Ra which induced the highest tumor incidence of 60% after a single injection of 5 muCi per Kg body weight or more. Repeated injections of 224Ra to female mice yielded a tumor incidence of up to 92%. Most of these osteosarcomas consist of well-differentiated bone-forming osteoplastic tissue. Half of the tumors occurred in the spine, particularly in the lumbar region. In protraction experiments, multifocal osteosarcomas have been observed. Less than 10% of the mice with osteosarcoma had developed metastases in lung, spleen, liver, and kidney. The possible mechanisms of the protraction effect are discussed.
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PMID:Experimental induction of bone tumors by short-lived bone-seeking radionuclides. 107 Jul 23


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