Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen patients with prostatic carcinoma were treated with 200 mg of Cyproterone acetate daily. No other kind of hormonal treatment was administered. Increasing skeletal metastases were observed in 6 patients, whereas significant reduction of metastases took place in 2 patients. Objective relief of stranguria was observed only in 3 patients. The amount of residual urine increased in 3 patients and was reduced in 5. In about one third of the patients, the prostate gland became smaller and softer. The acidic phosphatases decreased from pathological to normal values in 7 patients. There were no observed hepatic, renal or haemotological side-effects. However, serious cardio-vascular complications occurred in 6 patients, while arterial hypertension developed in 4. It is suggested that Cyproterone acetate cannot be recommended as the only kind of hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Treatment of prostatic carcinoma with cyproterone acetate. 69 35

In 1941, Huggins and his colleagues discovered that testicular androgens exert a stimulatory effect on prostate cancer growth. Our group has made the key observations that the human adrenals, in addition to the tests, also secrete important amounts of androgens and cancer cells exhibit a marked heterogeneity of androgen sensitivity. In fact, human adrenals secrete large amounts of precursor steroids that are converted into active androgens in peripheral tissues (including the prostate), thus providing 40% to 50% of total androgens in adult men. The action of these androgens remaining after castration can be inhibited in prostatic cancer tissue by administering a pure antiandrogen that also decreases the local concentration of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The castration levels of serum testosterone left in men after castration have an important stimulatory activity on the growth of androgen-sensitive normal as well as cancer tissues. Cancer cells have markedly different requirements for androgens. Some cell clones can grow in the presence of minimal amounts of androgens, requiring more complete androgen blockade and more potent antiandrogens for inhibiting growth. Among the compounds recommended as antiandrogens, the most unexpected finding is that many of them are devoid of any antiandrogenic activity. In fact, medroxyprogesterone acetate, chlormadinone acetate, and megestrol acetate have androgenic activity, but do not inhibit the peripheral action of DHT in prostatic tissue. These compounds should not be classified as antiandrogens. Cyproterone acetate, on the other hand, is a mixed agonist-antagonist. The only compounds showing pure antiandrogenic activity are Flutamide and its analogues. There is thus a need for a more complete blockade of androgens of both testicular and adrenal origins in order to exert a maximal inhibitory effect on cancer growth. We have therefore performed clinical studies in previously untreated stage D2 and C prostate cancer patients with the combination therapy using the LHRH agonist [D-Trp6, des Gly NH2(10)] LHRH ethylamide and the antiandrogen Flutamide. There was a significant increase in patients with a complete response, as compared with studies limited to the removal or blockade of testicular androgens. There was also a significant decrease in the number of non-responders, an increased duration of positive response, and a decrease in the death rate. This was achieved with minimal or no side effects, thus preserving a good quality of life.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1987
PMID:Combination therapy in stage C and D prostatic cancer: rationale and five year clinical experience. 332 35

Androcur 50 was administered as monotherapy (n = 73) or as combined therapy with LH-RH agonists (n = 130) in 203 patients during a 6 month period. Eighty two patients had a local invasive disease, 119 had metastatic disease and 2 had a tumor confined to the prostate. Quality of life could be evaluated in 164 patients considered as valid cases for efficacy analysis. General well being improved in 41% of the patients, appetite was better in 34% of the patients and weight increased in 36%. Pain due to metastatic disease decreased or stabilised in 96% of the patients. Of the 203 patients, 8 patients had objective metastatic progression which led to death in one patient. The incidence of side effects observed in all 203 is as follows: 9% gynaecomastia, 6.5% gastro-intestinal disorders. Hot flushes were reported in 2% of the patients in the monotherapy and in 13% of the patients in the combined treatment. This open not controlled trial shows that the use of Androcur 50 in monotherapy or in combined treatment is an effective drug for prostatic carcinoma, improves quality of life and is generally well tolerated.
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PMID:Androcur 50 in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. Belgian multicentric study with the participation of 30 urologists. 819 33

The authors consider fundamentals of hormone therapy in prostate cancer, mechanism of long-term androgenic stimulation, detail mechanism of action of antiandrogen (ciproteron acetate-androcur) on the basis of discovered key role of cellular receptor in endocrine regulation of physiological functions in metabolism. Monotherapy with androcur-depo (300 mg once a week) was given to 24 patients with prostatic cancer stage T2-T4. Eight patients had metastases to the bones. The age of the patients ranged from 58 to 80 years. Alleviation of pain, reduction of the prostate size and density, positive uroflowmetric changes (maximal urination rate increased from 2-5 to 10-15 ml/s), residual urine fall occurred as early as treatment week 5-7. There was also a decrease in the activity of acid phosphotase from 5-10 to 0.3-0.8 units according to Bodansky. Serum level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dropped from 388-23 to 116-4 ng/ml. Androcur-depo monotherapy demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of local prostatic cancer.
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PMID:[Cyproterone acetate (Androcur-depo) in the treatment of inoperable prostatic cancer]. 868 22

Prostatic carcinoma is one of the most commonly neoplasm in men, with the strongest incidence around the age of 70 years. In consideration of the high hormonodependence of prostatic neoplasm the reduction of testosterone levels represents the choice of treatment for the patients with metastatic disease, and has an application also in the treatment of patients with a more limited disease, but not elegible to local treatment with a curative aim. The circulating testosterone can be maintained to the lowest levels by the use of drugs that can obtain, with different mechanism of action, a "medical castration". Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is a steroideal antiandrogen which has affinity with progesteron and with glucocorticoidal receptors. It centrally inhibits the release of lutehinizing hormon blocking in this way the secretion of testosterone of testicular origin. Besides, it inhibits the action of the androgens of surrenalic and testicular origin to the cellular level through a competitive direct interaction with the cellular receptors. This review illustrates the main evidences of efficacy and safety of CPA in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Cyproterone acetate in the therapy of prostate carcinoma. 1637 11