Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten malignant canine mammary gland tumours and five metastases from three of these tumours were studied immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against different human keratin types (K), alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin. In all tumours the neoplastic epithelium was rather homogeneously labelled with the keratin MoAbs RCK 102 (K 5 and 8) and CAM 5.2 (K 8). The adenocarcinomas (n = 5), the solid carcinomas (n = 2), and the carcinosarcoma (n = 1) showed heterogeneous labelling with the MoAbs specific for luminal cell antigens in the normal canine mammary gland, i.e., K 18, K 7 and K 19 MoAbs. These cells were also immunoreactive with K 4 and K 10 MoAbs. The spindle cell carcinomas (n = 2), however, did not react with these MoAbs. All tumours except one adenocarcinoma were characterized by the absence of immunoreactive labelling with the alpha-smooth muscle actin MoAb. In the solid carcinomas this was associated with the absence of labelling with one or both basal cell specific keratin MoAbs, i.e., 8.7 (K 14 and 17) and RCK 107 (K 14), respectively. In contrast, the other malignant tumours showed marked labelling of neoplastic epithelium with these MoAbs. Another remarkable finding was the labelling of a limited to moderate number of neoplastic epithelial cells with the vimentin MoAb. The presence of such labelling patterns in canine mammary gland tumours may be indicative of malignancy. Metastatic tumour tissues had a labelling pattern largely similar to that of the primary tumour, although also loss of reactivity for some keratin MoAbs was seen.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry with keratin, vimentin, desmin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin monoclonal antibodies in canine mammary gland: malignant mammary tumours. 750 11

A case characterized by a rare synchronous occurrence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the same kidney is presented. A retrospective analysis of 23 similar cases reported in the English literature over the last 71 years demonstrated a male-to-female ratio of 2:1, an average age of 64.5 years, and a left-to-right-side ratio of 3.2:1. The three most common findings at initial examination were hematuria (90%), flank pain (19%), and flank mass (14%). Moreover, 24% of patients had tumor metastases even at initial examination. Thirty-four percent of patients had bladder neoplasms, and 24% of them had a history of cigarette smoking. There is no tendency toward higher grade of malignancy or specific histologic pattern for TCC and RCC when they occur together in the same kidney. Immunohistochemical studies were used to examine TCC and RCC, with special attention paid to the site of their collision, which displayed multifocal lymphatic permeation. Both TCC and RCC were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratins identified by monoclonal antibodies CAM-5.2, AE1/AE3, and MAK-6. TCC was focally positive for keratin, detectable by antibody 34 beta E12, but RCC was not. The tumor tissue infiltrating the lymphatics, which seemed to be RCC, demonstrated positive staining for EMA and keratins CAM-5.2, AE1/AE3, and MAK-6 and negative staining for keratin 34 beta E12. Interestingly, the tumor in lymphatics displayed strong staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) but both TCC and RCC in the vicinity were negative. These findings suggest that keratin 34 beta E12 may play a role in the differential diagnosis between TCC and RCC and that tumor-invading lymphatics may change phenotype, including the neoexpression of CEA.
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PMID:Collision of transitional cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. 750 17

The relationship between biphasic (BSS) and monophasic (MSS) subtypes of synovial sarcoma (SS) as well as the relationship between cells of solid/glandular areas and the spindle cells of BSS remain controversial. In order to further evaluate the immunohistochemical phenotype of SS we studied 34 primary tumours (15 BSS; 19 MSS), 7 recurrences (4 from primary BSS; 3 from primary MSS) and 8 metastases (7 BSS; one MSS), using several antibodies (EMA, CEA, keratins 1, 4, 5/6, 7, 8, 13, 18, 19, 20, vimentin, collagen IV and laminin) that work in paraffin-embedded material. Spindle cells outside solid/glandular areas of BSS and in MSS showed immunoreactivity for keratins 5/6, 7, 8, 18 and 19. The transition of solid/glandular areas to surrounding spindle cells also showed keratin staining and failed to show a distinct separation regarding the immunoreactivity for laminin and collagen IV. Peripheral cells of solid/glandular areas were immunoreactive for vimentin. No major differences were observed between immunophenotypical cell profiles of BSS and MSS, apart from the exclusive immunostaining of solid/glandular areas of BSS for keratin 13 and CEA. Downgrading of keratin and extracellular matrix antigens immunoreactivity was observed when primary tumours were compared to recurrent and/or metastatic tumours of both subtypes (MSS and BSS). We conclude that SS should be regarded as carcinomas of soft tissues with an immunohistochemical phenotype depending on the degree of epithelial differentiation: spindle cells (MSS and BSS) predominantly expressing simple keratins, and poorly differentiated (solid/glandular) as well as well-differentiated (glandular) areas (BSS) expressing, in addition, complex epithelial-type keratins.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical profile of synovial sarcoma with emphasis on the epithelial-type differentiation. A study of 49 primary tumours, recurrences and metastases. 752 Jan 65

Five cases are described of a distinctive histologic variant of benign spindle and epithelioid cell nevus characterized by extensive and prominent stromal hyalinization. The lesions consisted of a proliferation of spindle or epithelioid nevocytes scattered singly or in small clusters in the dermis and surrounded by abundant paucicellular hyalinized or collagenous stroma. Three patients were men and two were women. Their age range was 23 to 45 years (mean, 32). Two of the lesions were located in the head and neck region, two in the lower extremities, and one in the trunk. Immunohistochemical strains showed positive staining of the spindle or epithelioid cells with S-100 protein and vimentin; stains for keratin, EMA, CEA, actin, and desmin were all negative. Van Gieson and trichrome histochemical reaction demonstrated the collagenous nature of the hyalinized intercellular matrix; Congo red, crystal violet, and alcian blue stains were all negative. The etiology and pathogenesis of the intercellular hyalin deposits are unknown, but they probably represent a regressive phenomenon in longstanding or involuting lesions. Hyalinizing Spitz nevus must be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions exhibiting a prominent hyalinized stroma and must be differentiated from other dermal neoplasms, particularly cutaneous metastases from occult internal malignancies and malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Hyalinizing spindle and epithelioid cell nevus. A study of five cases of a distinctive histologic variant of Spitz's nevus. 753 78

The most common carcinomas metastatic to the ovary that mimic ovarian primaries are colonic adenocarcinomas and endometrial carcinomas. Conventional histochemical staining procedures, even in combination with additional immunohistochemical assays, are of limited value in distinguishing between these metastases and primary ovarian carcinomas. In this study we investigated whether the application of monoclonal antibodies against keratins 7, 8, and 20 could help in differentiating between these categories. The reactivity patterns of 40 carcinomas metastatic to the ovary were compared with those of their primary carcinomas on the one hand and with various primary ovarian carcinomas and mesotheliomas on the other. Colon cancer metastatic to the ovary was keratin 7 negative and keratin 20 positive in 94% of the cases; in contrast, all primary ovarian carcinomas were keratin 7 positive and keratin 20 negative, with the exception of two cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Ovarian metastases of gastric cancer usually contained keratins 7 and 20. Metastases of endometrial cancer to the ovary and primary ovarian carcinomas usually showed similar keratin expression. We propose that keratin 7 and 20 antibodies may be of help to distinguish between primary ovarian carcinomas and carcinoma metastases in the ovary.
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PMID:Keratins 7 and 20 as diagnostic markers of carcinomas metastatic to the ovary. 754 41

Cytokeratin 7 (CK-7) is a simple epithelial keratin that may be used to investigate the site of origin of adenocarcinomas. In fact, CK-7 is present in ovarian epithelial neoplasms but is generally absent in colonic carcinomas. This pattern of CK-7 expression may aid in elucidating the genesis of mucinous tumors occurring simultaneously in the ovary and appendix, accompanied by psuedomyxoma peritonei. Five such cases were immunostained with anti-CK-7, and all showed a concordant staining pattern of the appendiceal, ovarian, and peritoneal lesions. Two cases showed a negative reaction for CK-7 and thus would appear to represent ovarian and peritoneal metastases from an appendiceal primary tumor. Three cases were CK-7 positive, and the nature of these mucinous lesions remains open to debate; they may either represent independent primary tumors or originate from the appendix. For comparison, five Stage I mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary and their normal appendices were also stained with anti-CK-7. These ovarian tumors were all CK-7 positive, whereas the appendices were negative. It is concluded that CK-7 is capable of distinguishing a group of tumors that can reliably be classified as primary appendiceal neoplasms metastatic to the ovaries and peritoneum.
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PMID:Expression of cytokeratin 7 in simultaneous mucinous tumors of the ovary and appendix. 754 15

Desmosome expression is downregulated in poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. In these tissues, desmosomes may have an invasion and metastasis suppressor function. In colorectal carcinoma, no downregulation is found. This raises the question of how tumours possessing intact desmosomes can invade and metastasize. Temporary modulation of adhesive affinity may be a possible mechanism. Desmosomes are widely distributed in epithelia and other tissues and desmoplakins are expressed in all. Thus, antibodies to desmoplakins are very reliable markers for immunohistochemical diagnosis of carcinomas. Intracranial tumours can also be distinguished because meningiomas possess desmosomes and vimentin intermediate filaments, but metastatic carcinomas possess desmosomes and keratin.
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PMID:Desmosomes and cancer. 755 65

Two human melanoma cell lines, derived from metastases of two patients with epithelioid malignant amelanotic melanomas, and designated IIB-MEL-LES and IIB-MEL-IAN, have been established. Both cell lines have been in continuous culture over 2 years and were propagated continuously for 85 and 75 serial passages, respectively. Morphologically, IIB-MEL-LES is composed predominantly of spindle shaped cells, whereas IIB-MEL-IAN grows as a monolayer of cuboid and stellate shaped cells with many rounded cells in suspension. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that both cell lines express S-100 protein, vimentin, and GD3 and GD2 gangliosides but are negative for keratin and collagen. Both cell lines express HLA class I and HLA-DR antigens in variable proportions. The MAGE-1 gene is expressed only by the IIB-MEL-IAN cell line, as revealed by PCR analysis. Cytogenetic analysis of both cell lines revealed abnormal karyotypes; the modal chromosome numbers of IIB-MEL-LES and IIB-MEL-IAN were 48 and 81, respectively. IIB-MEL-LES cells presented rearrangements in chromosomes 1, 14 and X, gains in chromosomes 10, 20, and 21 losses in chromosomes 15 and Y. The most frequent markers observed in IIB-MEL-IAN cells were 7q+, 10p+, 2p+, i(6p), 2q+, and 10q-. Clonal gains were observed in chromosomes 12 and 21, whereas losses were seen in chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, and 17. Both cell lines were capable of forming colonies in soft agar and developed tumors when transplanted into nude mice, reproducing and maintaining the characteristics of the original tumors. These cell lines and their xenografts appear to provide useful systems for studying the biology, genetics and histogenesis of human malignant melanoma and could be utilized for the development of melanoma vaccines.
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PMID:Biologic, immunocytochemical, and cytogenetic characterization of two new human melanoma cell lines: IIB-MEL-LES and IIB-MEL-IAN. 756 87

Keratin 20 is a recently identified keratin protein distributed particularly in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, keratin 20 was immunohistochemically evaluated in 788 epithelial tumors of different organs. Keratin 20 was consistently present in colonic adenocarcinomas and their metastases in lymph nodes, liver, lung, and ovaries; most primary and metastatic colon carcinomas showed high numbers of positive cells independent of their level of differentiation. Adenocarcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and cholangiocarcinomas showed variable reactivity. Hepatocellular carcinomas and carcinoid tumors often showed focal reactivity limited to scattered tumor cells. In contrast, keratin 20 was virtually absent in primary adenocarcinomas of lung, ovaries, and endometrium. Notable exceptions among ovarian tumors were the mucinous neoplasms that showed variable, sometimes significant keratin 20 reactivity. Transitional cell carcinomas irrespective of grade were usually positive, whereas most prostatic and renal adenocarcinomas were negative or showed only single positive cells. Typically negative were squamous cell carcinomas of all organs and carcinomas of the breast. Merkel cell carcinomas of the skin showed consistent reactivity, whereas small cell carcinomas of the lung were negative. On the basis of these observations, keratin 20 seems to be a suitable adjunct marker to evaluate the primary origin of carcinomas in specific contexts, especially to separate adenocarcinomas of gastrointestinal versus nongastrointestinal origin.
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PMID:Keratin 20: immunohistochemical marker for gastrointestinal, urothelial, and Merkel cell carcinomas. 756 35

Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic tumor (PMT) is the result of reactive proliferation of myofibroblasts. In children, PMT of the urinary bladder can be mistaken for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma clinically, radiologically, and by light microscopy. We are reporting the clinical, histological, and immunohistological features of 11 patients with childhood PMT of urinary bladder that were diagnosed initially as a sarcoma, usually rhabdomyosarcoma. The morphologic spectrum of PMT is broad, with mixtures of myxoid, leiomyomatous, and sclerosing matrix patterns, the myxoid type being the most common. The proliferating cells consist of three forms of myofibroblastic cells: long spindle cells (type I), intermediate spindle cells (type II), and ganglion-like cells (type III), together with various types of inflammatory cells. The immunohistologic profile of the proliferating cells was characterized by positive reactions to vimentin, muscle-specific actin, alpha-smooth-muscle actin, polyclonal desmin, and keratin. Ultrastructural studies showed myofibroblastic differentiation of the tumor cells. No patients have had metastases or local recurrence. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical data from 71 cases of PMT, including the 11 cases in this report, confirm the benign behavior of these lesions. The etiology of these lesions is unclear, including the absence of surgical or other trauma in all of the children.
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PMID:Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic tumor of the urinary bladder in children: a study of 11 cases with review of the literature. An Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. 757 84


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