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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of 142 bronchial carcinoids studied on repeated endoscopic biopsies and surgical specimens (mostly lobectomies) was revised in order to distinguish the cases in which an increasing malignancy occurred and evolved up to the transformation into lung carcinomas. Twenty-one cases (14.79 per cent) were marked out (Table 1), of which ten were atypical carcinoids with increasing nuclear anaplasia (hyperchromaticity, pleomorphic and monstrous nuclei, prominent nucleoli), mitoses, sometimes presence of intracytoplasmic keratin granules, etc.; three of these cases presented liver, lymph node or rib metastases with histotypical structures. Ten bronchial carcinoids were carcinomatously transformed: four cases were macrocellular (large cell anaplastic) carcinomas, two other epidermoid ones and four became cylindrocubic carcinomas: all these malignantly transformed carcinoids presented transition areas between the carcinoid and the carcinomatous structures. In a last case, the bronchial carcinoid coexisted with a macrocellular carcinoma developed extrabronchially without overt structural relationships. None of the investigated cases became a macrocellular (oat cell) carcinoma.
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PMID:The carcinomatous transformation of bronchial carcinoids. 646 Sep 33

A series of cell lines was isolated from the metastasizing rat mammary tumor cell strain TMT-081. MS by single-cell cloning. Feeder cells were required for development of single tumor cells into clonal colonies. The rate, pattern, and incidence of metastases following injection of cells into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic rats were relatively similar for the various cell lines, with dissemination to the lungs and axillary and paraaortic lymph nodes. When a representative cell line termed Rama 800 was subcloned, one subline was nontumorigenic, and another gave a lower incidence of lung metastases, but the remainder had similar in vivo properties to the parental Rama 800 cells. The metastatic properties of Rama 800 cells were not affected by passage in vitro through 60 cell generations. No production of myoepithelial-like variants from Rama 800 cells was observed at the ultrastructural level. Antisera to keratin, actin, laminin, and fibronectin, which normally stain myoepithelial cells and basement membrane, failed to stain Rama 800 cells, either in cultures or in tumor sections. Heterogeneous staining of Rama 800 tumor cells with antiserum to epithelial cell-specific milk fat globule membrane antigens was seen in tumor sections but not in culture. Abundant microvilli and membrane blebs were observed on the surface of cultured Rama 800 cells, but no lumen formation, desmosomes, or tonofilaments were seen, either in vivo or in vitro. The results suggest that the metastatic epithelial-derived cell lines lack the ability to express features of myoepithelial cells, in contrast to cell lines isolated previously from nonmetastasizing rat mammary tumors.
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PMID:Lack of production of myoepithelial variants by cloned epithelial cell lines derived from the TMT-081 metastasizing rat mammary tumor. 648 88

A neoplasm of unknown origin in cervical and axillary lymph nodes was diagnosed as anemone cell tumor by ultrastructural examination. Three years after the initial diagnosis of anemone cell tumor, a high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was discovered. The results of immunoperoxidase staining of the cervical lymph node, axillary lymph node, and bladder tumors for keratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) strongly suggest that the anemone cell tumors in this case represent metastases of bladder carcinoma cells capable of producing HCG.
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PMID:The probable origin of an anemone cell tumor: metastatic transitional cell carcinoma producing HCG. 653 94

A case of melanotic schwannoma of the sacral region, studied with electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, is reported. Melanosomes in all stages of formation were ultrastructurally demonstrable in neoplastic cells, which showed prominent basal lamina and interdigitating cytoplasmic processes. These findings support the Schwann cell origin of the tumor and indicate that Schwann cells are capable of melanin production. The immunohistologic examination showed the absence of neoplastic cells for all antigens tested (S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichimotrypsin, keratin). Apart from questioning the nature of the tumor, S-100 protein absence could raise doubts on its benign course. In the reported case, no local recurrence or distant metastases have been recorded 2 years after surgery.
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PMID:Melanotic schwannoma: a case report. 653 55

Sixteen unequivocal, diffuse malignant mesotheliomas ( DMM ) of pleura and eight diffuse pleural tumors simulating DMM , all from autopsied cases, were studied with hematoxylin and eosin, mucicarmine, diastase-periodic acid-Schiff ( DPAS ), colloidal iron, carcinoembryonic antigen, and keratin immunoperoxidase stains. Collagen production by tumor cells when identifiable was diagnostic of DMM and was found not only in sarcomatous and "biphasic" mesotheliomas but also focally in "epithelial" variants. In "epithelial" areas, a constant nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio with variable cell size often imparted a distinctive appearance of regularity, and mucin-negative DPAS -negative vacuoles or ground-glass cytoplasmic zones always could be found. Most metastatic carcinomas featured a high N/C ratio; some but not all had mucicarmine-positive or DPAS -positive vacuoles. Stains for carcinoembryonic antigen and keratin did not discriminate between DMM and metastatic carcinoma. Distant metastases were present in 12 of the 16 DMM cases but were clinically occult in 11 cases.
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PMID:Diffuse malignant mesothelioma of pleura: diagnostic criteria based on an autopsy study. 658 49

A case of esthesioneuroblastoma, the pathological diagnosis of which almost always causes great difficulties, was investigated ultrastructurally, biochemically, and immunohistologically, using antibodies against the five known types of intermediate filaments [keratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilaments]. The tumour cells did not react with antibodies against any of the five intermediate filament proteins. Ultrastructural investigations showed dense cored secretory granules in the cytoplasm and cell processes. Thus, immunohistology offers by "exclusion" a differential diagnosis to avoid often misdiagnosed tumours (undifferentiated carcinomas, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and malignant lymphomas), since carcinomas react with antikeratin, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas with antibodies to desmin and malignant lymphomas show immunofluorescence with antibodies to vimentin. The biological behaviour (age distribution, tendency to metastasize), the normal values of biochemical parameters, homovanillic acid and vanilmandelic acid (HVA, VMA), and the absence of neurofilaments distinguish this type of tumour from the peripheral sympathetic neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Esthesioneuroblastoma: ultrastructural, immunohistological and biochemical investigation of one case. 671 29

Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (invasion less than 5 mm) is a controversial concept. While initial observations did not identify regional lymph node metastases in patients with this lesion, 9.4% of all cases summarized from the literature have reported regional metastases. Presented here are two cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (invasion of 2.0 and 3.0 mm) with lymph node metastases. Both patients' neoplasms consisted of a single focus of symmetrically expanding ("spray") carcinoma with infiltrating cords and isolated cells. While keratin formation was abundant, cytologic atypia was prominent. It is the authors' opinion that the degree of tumor differentiation, as judged by multiple parameters and pattern of invasion, is far more important than depth of invasion in predicting tumor behavior to determine therapy.
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PMID:Microinvasive carcinoma of the vulva. A report of two cases with regional lymph node metastasis. 721 27

Patterns of tumour spread are examined in 160 patients with squamous carcinomas of the head and neck with reference to perineural infiltration, direct invasion of bone and ossified cartilage, and lymph node metastases in the previously irradiated neck. Perineural spread is comparatively common in large (T3, T4) tumours; it may be apparent early in the disease; it is often detectable clinically; and it is an adverse prognostic feature which may modify clinical management. Direct bone invasion is described with particular reference to tumours of the oral cavity. Most bone destruction is mediated by osteoclasts which appear to be stimulated by materials such as prostaglandins released in the vicinity of the tumour. The numbers of involved lymph nodes in surgical dissections from the irradiated neck are usually few and restricted to the submandibular and jugular groups; nodes in the posterior triangle are infrequently involved by metastatic carcinoma. Transcapsular spread and keratin granulomas are common. The scope of modified neck dissections in this group of patients is discussed.
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PMID:Squamous carcinomas of the head and neck: some patterns of spread. 723 Feb 16

Adamantinoma of long bones is a rare malignant tumor composed of cells with epithelial characteristics in various differentiation patterns surrounded by fibrous cells. Evidence as to whether this neoplasm should be designated as an epithelial bone tumor or a biphasic sarcoma with both epithelial and mesenchymal features is lacking. In this study the nature of the mesenchymal and epithelial components of adamantinoma was investigated by DNA flow cytometry, DNA image cytometry, p53 immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction-based loss of heterozygosity detection at the p53 locus. Specimens from 6 of 15 patients (40%) analyzed by flow cytometry had an aneuploid DNA index. Image cytometry analysis of Feulgen-stained paraffin sections of 6 aneuploid and 2 diploid tumors revealed that aneuploid nuclei were detected in cells with an epithelial phenotype only, whereas all fibrous cells were diploid. Immunohistochemistry for p53 on specimens from 25 patients revealed moderate or strong immunoreactivity in 12 tumors (48%) restricted to the epithelial cells. Loss of heterozygosity at the p53 locus could be confirmed in the epithelial component of an immunohistochemically p53-positive tumor. Additionally, sections of 7 lung metastases were studied histologically. Only keratin-positive epithelial cells, predominantly in the spindle cell pattern, were present in these metastases, whereas the osteofibrous tissue present in the primary tumors was not detected. These results suggest that either adamantinoma consists of a malignant epithelial part with a reactive osteofibrous stroma or that the malignant epithelial cells develop next to a proliferating benign fibrous component. Additional analysis of common genetic abnormalities in the fibrous and epithelial cells of adamantinoma is therefore indicated.
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PMID:DNA aberrations in the epithelial cell component of adamantinoma of long bones. 749 1

The presence of occult axillary nodal metastases was evaluated in 159 patients with "node-negative" invasive breast carcinoma. Multiple additional levels of the lymph nodes were examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining and keratin immunostaining. Occult nodal metastases were detected in 50 (31%) patients; of these, 28 (17%) were detectable by hematoxylin-eosin stain alone, while the other 22 (14%) consisted of mostly single cells or very small clusters and required immunostaining for detection. The size of the metastatic deposit was < or = 0.2 mn in 31 (19%) patients and greater than 0.2 mm in 19 (12%) patients. Occult nodal metastasis correlated with the presence of peritumoral lymphatic invasion (P = .02) and was seen more frequently with larger tumor size, increased microvasculature, and aneuploidy. As a group occult metastases had no significant prognostic impact. However, patients with metastases measuring greater than 0.2 mm had significantly worse recurrence (P = .02), disease-free survival (P = .04), and overall survival (P = .07) rates; those with metastases detectable by hematoxylin-eosin stain alone also had a less favorable, although not significant, outcome. In contrast, patients with occult metastases that were < or = 0.2 mm or that were detected only by immunostaining had a survival rate comparable to and in fact slightly higher than that of the group without occult metastasis; 23 of these patients were without recurrence after a median follow-up of 11 years. Extension into perinodal soft tissue was an unfavorable feature. In a multivariate analysis peritumoral lymphovascular invasion and increased microvasculature were the most important prognostic parameters, and the presence of occult metastases greater than 0.2 mm was no longer significant. Our data suggest that occult metastases < or = 0.2 mm, especially those consisting of single cells, do not add useful prognostic information, and immunohistochemical studies to detect them are probably unnecessary. Larger metastases and extranodal involvement may have important prognostic value, but in this study they accounted for only 20% of patients who had recurrences or 6% of the total population. This underscores the importance of using more than one prognostic parameter in evaluating breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Occult axillary lymph node metastases in "node-negative" breast carcinoma. 750 52


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