Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of an "oncodevelopmental" protein, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), has been systematically studied in rats during normal development and during regeneration of the liver by fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro, in rats bearing transplantable hepatomas, in rats fed chemical carcinogens, and in mice that spontaneously develop hematomas. AFP is a serum protein made normally during fetal and neonatal stages by liver and yolk sac cells. In newborn rats at approximately 4 weeks of age, the production of AFP is abruptly terminated, a process which is closely associated with cessation of liver cell proliferation. In adult rats, AFP production recurs following the reinitiation of hepatic DNA synthesis induced by partial hepatectomy or by the administration of heaptotoxic chemicals. Detailed metabolic and direct labeling studies of fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro also demonstrate a kinetically similar pattern of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and AFP production. In vitro studies utilizing combined autoradiography for DNA-synthesizing cells and immunofluorescence for AFP-containing cells demonstrates that replicating hepatocytes produce AFP, however, available data do not yet permit a distinction between G1 (pre- or postmitotic) and/or G2 production. During growth of an AFP- producing tumor, the serum concentration of AFP may be used as a accurate index of tumor growth, and, if a transplanted tumor is removed, as a marker for metastatic growth of the tumor. Using this model, we have shown that radiation to the lung at the time of surgical removal of a growing tumor in the leg will prevent establishment and growth of pulmonary metastases and that anti-AFP serum treatment may inhibit growth of a transplantable hepatoma that produces AFP. The exposure of rats to chemical hepatocarcinogens results in the appearance of evaluated serum AFP concentration as early as within 1 week of feeding; noncarcinogenic chemical analogs do not cause an elevation. AFP elevation also occurs with low doses of the hepatocarcinogen in the absence of detectable cell injury (by morphological examination of serum enzyme levels) or any other known morphological or biochemical change. This may represent a highly selective derepression of protein synthesis that occurs following the formation of a complex between the metabolites of the carcinogen and specific chromatin loci. Although every rat so far treated with even subcarcinogenic doses of hepatocarcinogens has elevated serum AFP concentrations, many primary carcinogen-induced hepatomas do not produce detectable AFP. Either there is a subsequent change in the preneoplastic AFP-producing cell that occurs prior to irreversible neoplastic alteration, or the hepatocytes originally influenced by the carcinogens to produce AFP are not necessarily the same cells that are the progenitors of the hepatoma produced by more prolonged exposure...
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PMID:Expression of an oncodevelopmental gene product (alpha-fetoprotein) during fetal development and adult oncogenesis. 6 4

Evaluation of alterations in the level of the five major electrophoretic fractions of serum proteins (albumin, alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta- and gamma-globulin) in 18 patients with prostatic cancer prior to and following cryoprostatectomy disclosed: (i) a progressive increase in the level of alpha 2- and beta-globulin and the incidence of patients possessing statistically significant (p less than 0.05) elevations in these proteins with a progression of the stage of their malignancy; (ii) a significant decrease in albumin, alpha 2- and beta-globulin and increase in alpha 1- and gamma-globulin from their preoperative levels following cryoprostatectomy in patients with metastatic disease (stage III) in association with a favorable clinical response; (iii) an overall significant decrease in albumin and alpha 2-globulin and increase in alpha 1-globulin from their preoperative levels and (iv) a general association of decreases in albumin (83% of the patients) and alpha 2-globulin (92%) and gamma-globulin (75%) with a favorable clinical response following cryoprostatectomy. Limited to study of a small patient population, the present results confirm earlier studies suggestive of a prognostic potential for alpha 2-globulin, as applied to stage identification in prostatic cancer once the initial diagnosis has been made. Pending confirmation and evaluation of a larger patient population, the observed alterations in serum protein, while not pathognomonic for prostatic cancer, and alterations of inhibitory ('immunoregulatory') factors, may provide adjunctive criteria for monitoring the clinical response following cryoprostatectomy.
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PMID:Serum proteins in prostatic cancer. IV. Alterations and clinical response following cryoprostatectomy. 9 Dec 52

Factors influencing the prognosis in gastric cancer treated by curative resection include lymph node metastasis and the extent of invasion of the gastric wall. Lymph node metastasis can be removed surgically, but the extent of invasion is not amenable to external measures. Of these two factors, the extent of wall invasion has the greatest influence on prognosis in cases undergoing curative resection. With lymph node removal of equal extent the prognosis worsens in proportion to the depth of invasion. Further, lymph node metastasis increases with increasing depth of invasion. Metastasis was seen in Group 2 and 3 nodes in more than 60% of cancer with invasion beyond the Tunica muscularis propria (pm), indicating that wide lymph node removal is essential in cancers with deep invasion of the wall. The effects of extended radical operation on the host as illustrated by the indices of total serum protein and albumin levels were no different from those of less extensive resections. It was confirmed that extensive radical resection did not delay postoperative recovery.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of gastric cancer with special reference to lymph node removal. 14 6

Thirty-nine women admitted to the Main Medical Center for biopsy of a lump in the breast has been followed sequentially for six months to determine whether a diagnostic profile of plasma protein changes occurs in early breast cancer, compared to non malignant breast disease, and whether plasma protein changes in breast cancer patients could be correlated with the spread of the tumor. Eighteen women had early operable breast cancer and twenty-one had benign breast disease. Each patient had 10 serum proteins measured preoperatively and post-operatively at three and six months. The patients with breast cancer had significantly higher levels of beta 2 glycoprotein preoperatively and ceruloplasmin at six months postoperatively than those with benign breast disease. There were a number of significant correlations between serum protein levels and the progression of breast cancer as measured by the clinical score. There were significant correlation with ceruloplasmin properatively and at three months postoperatively. Prealbumin and hemopexin showed correlations preoperatively: alpha 1 antitrypsin and beta 2 glycoprotein only correlated at three months postoperatively. Longer follow up will be required to establish the value of serum protein changes which could predict the development of metastases in patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Serum proteins in breast cancer. 50 79

Sixty women admitted to the King's College Hospital group for biopsy of a lump in the breast have been followed sequentially for one year. Thirty women had early operable breast cancer and 30 had benign breast disease. Each patient had 10 serum proteins measured preoperatively and postoperatively at three months and at one year. The patients with breast cancer had significantly higher levels of beta2 glycoprotein preoperatively and caeruloplasmin at one year postoperatively than those with benign breast disease. There were a number of significant correlations between serum protein levels and the progression of breast cancer as measured by the clinical score. There were significant correlations with caeruloplasmin preoperatively and at three months postoperatively. Prealbumin and haemopexin showed correlations preoperatively; alpha1 antitrypsin and beta2 glycoprotein only correlated at three months postoperatively. A longer follow-up will be required to establish the value of serum protein changes which could predict the development of metastases in patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Serum protein changes in breast cancer: a prospective study. 59 43

A sixty-eight-year-old male was found to have renal carcinoma after seven months of constitutional symptoms. Initial study of the patient showed a puzzling array of laboratory abnormalities. These led initially to a search for gastrointestinal malignancy and then later to consideration of multiple myeloma. This case serves as a reminder of the propensity of early renal carcinoma to produce striking constitutional symptoms and marked hematologic and serum protein abnormalities. These may occur in the absence of metastases and are frequently reversible as shown in this case with resection of the primary lesion.
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PMID:Reversible systemic abnormalities associated with renal cell carcinoma. 84 1

Levels of glycoprotein-associated carbohydrates (neutral hexoses, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose) were determined in the serum of patients with either local, regional or metastatic cancer, patients clinically cured of cancer, and controls (smokers and nonsmokers). Total protein-bound carbohydrates were compared with levels of 17 normal serum glycoproteins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and with lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutin (PHA). Tumor burden was directly related to protein-bound carbohydrate levels in patient groups. Levels of bound carbohydrates reflect the sum of all the changes in serum glycoproteins, but primarily changes in the acute-phase proteins (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin) found in the alpha-globulin fraction of serum. Increases in protein-bound carbohydrates in tumor-bearers were not related to increases in CEA. Increased levels of the acute-phase proteins occurred in individuals with depressed in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to PHA. A significant positive correlation was found between lymphocyte reactivity and level of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein. The results suggest that serum protein-bound carbohydrates or glycoproteins may be of adjunctive value is assessing tumor burden and immune reactivity in cancer patients.
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PMID:Correlations among serum protein-bound carbohydrates, serum glycoproteins, lymphocyte reactivity, and tumors burden in cancer patients. 92 66

A 48-year-old woman with severe carcinoid syndrome caused by multiple liver metastases was treated by hepatic dearterialization. After the operation, urinary 5-HIAA excretion fell transiently to normal levels and the patient was symptom-free for six months. After one year the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome had recurred and a re-dearterialization was performed. A favourable clinical effect was again achieved, but the relief of symptoms lasted only six months. The changes in urinary 5-HIAA excretion and SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, PP activity as well as serum protein levels were uniform after both operations to an astonishing degree. Histological specimens taken at reoperation showed that the carcinoid metastases in the anterior parts of the liver were largely necrotic. The necrotic areas has peculiar features, e.g. the necrosis was partly incomplete and ghost like carcinoid structures could be seen.
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PMID:The effect of hepatic dearterialization and re-dearterialization on carcinoid liver metastases. 96 86

The concentration of a pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin (PAM) was determined in the blood of patients with various cancers. PAM was detectable in subjects with all types of malignant disease studied, and the level of the serum protein correlated well with the course of the disease: the concentration increased before clinical recognition of metastases and decreased significantly on successful treatment. Periodic PAM determinations may allow detection of tumour recurrence while it is still at a treatable stage and could aid in the evaluation of therapy.
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PMID:Variations in the level of a pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin in patients with cancer. 123 25

The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of fibronectin, a glycoprotein, for the diagnosis of malignant ascites and to compare it with conventional parameters. Ascitic fluid samples from 50 patients, 25 with intra-abdominal malignancy and 25 without it were analysed for total protein concentration, fluid/serum protein ratio, glucose concentration, leucocyte count, pH, fibronectin concentration (by ELISA) and for malignant cell cytology. Twenty-two of the 25 patients with ascites and intra-abdominal malignancy had documented peritoneal metastases in group A. The 25 patients with non-malignant ascites constituted group B. Mean values of ascitic fluid fibronectin, for groups A and B were 538 +/- 46 micrograms/mL and 60 +/- 4.92 micrograms/mL, respectively (P less than 0.001). Within the group with malignant ascites, patients who had positive malignant cytology (n = 12) exhibited a significantly higher ascitic fluid fibronectin concentration than patients with negative cytology (P less than 0.05). While mean ascitic fluid protein concentration showed a significant difference (P less than 0.01) between the two groups, there was no difference in respect to ascitic fluid pH, glucose concentration and leucocyte count. Malignant cell cytology was positive in 54.5% of group A patients with no false positive report in group B. The diagnostic accuracy for differentiating malignant from non-malignant ascites was 100% for a fibronectin value of greater than or equal to 110 micrograms/mL as compared with 78.7% for ascitic fluid protein concentration greater than or equal to 0.5 g/dL, 57.4% for leucocyte count greater than or equal to 1000/mm3, 59.6% for pH less than 7.45 and 78.7% for malignant cell cytology.
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PMID:Evaluation of fibronectin as a marker of malignant ascites. 157 98


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