Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measurement of erythropoietin levels was achieved in urine, plasma and tumor extract specimens in 27 Wilms tumor patients. Good correlation of the stage of the disease, the clinical judgment of inactive or responding tumor foci and erythropoietin levels was noted. Erythropoietin levels are believed to reflect ectopic hormone production by the primary or secondary tumor. Since the erythropoietin hormone assayed in these and other Wilms tumor patients was not associated with polycythemia, it is believed that Wilms tumor-associated erythropoietin differs in some manner from the hormone produced normally in man and possible in other states associated with secondary polycythemia. Etythropoietin assay with further purification and technical development can be of additional widespread assistance in the clinical classification and subsequent management of the tumor state. Our study confirms this biological potential.
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PMID:Ectopic production of erythropoietin in Wilms tumor patients in relation to clinical stage and disease activity. 16 80

A case study is presented of a 55-year-old man who had clear cell renal carcinoma with pulmonary metastases and erythrocytosis. The increase in red blood cell mass was associated with an elevation in erythropoietic stimulatory activity in serum, pleural fluid, and tumor-cyst fluid as determined by the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse assay. It is postulated that the increased erythropoietic stimulatory activity represents autonomous tumor secretion of erythropoietin or an erythropoietin-like material. Electron microscopic studies confirmed the proximal tubular origin of this tumor.
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PMID:Renal cell carcinoma with erythrocytosis and elevated erythropoietic stimulatory activity. 57 14

Recombinant glycosylated erythropoietin (EPO) was biotinylated with biotin-aminocaproyl hydrazide via periodate-treated sialic acid moieties and applied to sections of 64 tumors of the lower respiratory tract, comprising 19 primary adenocarcinomas, 19 epidermoid carcinomas, 13 large cell anaplastic carcinomas, 11 small cell lung carcinomas, 11 intrapulmonary metastases, 1 mesothelioma and 1 lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were incubated with labelled EPO at room temperature and a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml for 60 min. The expression of the EPO-binding sites was visualized by the ABC technique. All of the analyzed large cell anaplastic carcinomas and the majority of the epidermoid carcinoma (89%), adenocarcinoma (79%), and metastases (82%) displayed binding capacities for EPO. Five out of the eleven small cell lung carcinomas, the analyzed mesothelioma and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia revealed definite staining, too. Binding sites could, in addition, be seen in air dried, non-fixed, acetone-fixed, and ether-ethanol-fixed cytological specimens. The data indicate that the expression of binding sites with specificity for EPO can be frequently seen in human bronchial malignancies.
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PMID:Analysis of expression of erythropoietin-binding sites in human lung carcinoma by the biotinylated ligand. 142 Jan 6

Erythropoietin levels in serum were analyzed in 165 patients with renal cell carcinoma. All samples were taken before therapy and stored at -80 degrees C. Erythropoietin, a glucoprotein produced by the renal cortex was quantified by an enzyme immunoassay. Fifty-five of 165 patients (33%) had elevated serum levels. In patients with metastatic disease (M+), elevated levels were found in 24 of 65 cases (38%). Patients with high-grade tumors had significantly more often increased erythropoietin than those with low-grade tumors. No correlation between erythrocytosis and elevation of erythropoietin in serum was found. There was a significant difference in survival between patients with normal and patients with elevated erythropoietin levels (p = 0.013). The study shows that erythropoietin is a tumor marker with a low sensitivity. However, it correlates with stage and grade and provides prognostic information.
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PMID:Erythropoietin in renal cell carcinoma: evaluation of its usefulness as a tumor marker. 149 17

Erythrocytosis (polycythemia) is a well-described paraneoplastic phenomenon in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, but its pathogenesis remains uncertain. Using a radioimmunoassay, we have measured serum erythropoietin concentrations in 65 southern African blacks with this tumor and 61 matched controls. Four patients had an increased hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume, and the remainder had normal values. Twenty-three percent of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (15/65) were found to have raised serum erythropoietin concentrations, the values ranging up to 344 mu/ml. Only one of these patients had an increased hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume. This apparent anomaly could be explained if the erythrocytosis that would normally result from high serum erythropoietin values had been counteracted by the inhibition of erythropoiesis which occurs in advanced malignant disease. Alternatively, the erythropoietin produced by the tumor might not always be biologically active. Three patients had increased hemoglobin values and packed cell volumes in the presence of normal serum erythropoietin concentrations. One of these patients was hypoxic as a result of multiple pulmonary metastases, and the others may also have been. There was no correlation between serum erythropoietin and alpha-fetoprotein concentrations in individual patients.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietin concentrations in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 242 57

A young woman who had a right glomus jugulare paraganglioma had diffuse pulmonary metastases three years after surgical excision of the paraganglioma. Associated with these developments were profound anemia and an extraordinarily rapid ESR. These findings have been previously noted in patients with metastatic paraganglioma and have not as yet, to our knowledge, had a satisfactory explanation. Noteworthy in our patient was a diminished serum erythropoietin level, which may indicate that metastatic paragangliomas inhibit production of or interfere with maintenance of serum erythropoietin. Symptomatic palliation of the severe anemia was attained in this patient by injections of nandrolone decanoate. Follow-up examinations of patients with paragangliomas should include surveillance of the CBCs and ESR, both of which may reflect tumor activity.
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PMID:Severe anemia as a manifestation of metastatic jugular paraganglioma. 629 57

Haemoglobin concentration and leukocyte and platelet counts were studied in 122 patients with renal carcinoma, 104 of whom subsequently underwent nephrectomy. In 61 of the operable patients the tumour was located within the renal capsule (group I) and in the other 43 it had invaded the perinephric tissues (group II). Eleven of the group II patients also had distant metastases in one or two sites. Multiple distant metastases precluded renal surgery in 18 patients (group III). Normochromic anaemia (haemoglobin less than 120 micrograms/l) was found in 17% and leukocytosis (greater than 8 x 10(9)/l) in 25% of the group I patients. The corresponding frequencies for group III were 72 and 67%. Severe anaemia was found in patients with localized tumours as well as in patients with extensive metastases. Thrombocytosis (400-800 x 10(9)/l) occurred in less than 20% of the patients in groups I and II, but in 42% in group III. Thrombocytopenia (less than 200 x 10(9)/l), on the other hand, which was present in 31% of the group I patients, was less common in those with metastasizing tumours. Haematologic anomalies in renal carcinoma suggest either bone-marrow metastases of tumour-induced mechanisms such as production of erythropoietin or thrombopoietin and phagocytic and chemotactic effects of tumour cells or auto-immune processes. When uncorrected by nephrectomy in patients without signs of metastases, such haematologic findings suggest concomitant blood disorders.
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PMID:Haematologic findings in patients with renal carcinoma. 732 52

Prostate cancer selectively metastasises to skeletal sites, where it normally produces osteoblastic lesions. This study investigated whether haematopoietic growth factors known to be present in the bone environment could be involved in the survival and proliferation of prostate skeletal metastases. To evaluate this hypothesis we investigated the effects of recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF), recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF), recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) and recombinant interleukin-3 (rIL-3) on the growth of 3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Two hormone-insensitive cell lines, PC-3 and DU145, were significantly stimulated by rGM-CSF and rEPO in serum-free medium but their growth was unaffected by incubation with rIL-3 or rG-CSF. A hormone-sensitive cell line, LNCaP, was stimulated only by rGM-CSF. To investigate further the involvement of GM-CSF in prostate cancer, the presence of GM-CSF protein in the 3 prostate cancer cell lines was examined by immunohistochemistry, and analysis of cell line conditioned media was carried out by ELISA and Western blotting. These techniques demonstrated that GM-CSF-like material was produced by both DU145 and PC-3 cells but not by LNCaP. The results from ELISA found that media conditioned by DU145 and PC-3 cells contained 1.7 and 2.5 pg GM-CSF/micrograms protein, respectively, whereas no GM-CSF was detectable in the LNCaP conditioned media. Our results were also confirmed by Western blot analysis demonstrating one single band for DU145 and PC-3 conditioned media which co-migrated along with the standard rGM-CSF band. No bands were associated with the LNCaP conditioned media. The presence of GM-CSF gene transcripts in DU145 and PC-3 cells was established by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction of total RNA.
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PMID:Production and response of human prostate cancer cell lines to granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. 792 24

An 85-year-old woman had a right-sided renal cell carcinoma removed 20 years ago. At haemoglobin concentration. Two years ago she had a syncope, at which time the haemoglobin concentration was 16.9 g/dl. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) revealed an extensive retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion, which however was not investigated further, and no therapeutic consequences were drawn. An erythrocytosis (7.5 x 10(6)/microliters) and elevated haemoglobin concentration (> 20 g/dl) were found when she was examined after a fall in which she had sustained only minimal injury. The retroperitoneal mass had slightly increased in size. Histological examination of a CT-guided fine-needle biopsy revealed metastases of the hypernephroid carcinoma. The serum erythropoietin concentration was increased (42.4 U/l) and failed to increase even after repeated venesections, indicating erythropoietin production by the late metastases of the renal cell carcinoma. There was no evidence for any systemic haematological disease. Six months after the diagnosis of metastases the patient died at home, presumably of a cerebrovascular accident.
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PMID:[Polycythemia in the late metastasis of an erythropoietin-producing renal-cell carcinoma]. 818 21

Paraneoplastic manifestations are present in up to 20% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is convincing evidence that RCC tumor cells elaborate proteins that serve as mediators of endocrine (eg, ectopic production of parathyroid hormone-related protein or erythropoietin) as well as nonendocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. A paraneoplastic syndrome may be the initial clinical presentation of RCC in a significant number of patients, and recognition of these syndromes may facilitate early diagnosis. Most paraneoplastic syndromes associated with RCC remit after resection of the primary RCC or treatment of metastatic sites. The natural history of metastatic RCC is extremely variable. A significant proportion of patients may survive several years with slowly progressing metastatic disease. In these patients, the accurate diagnosis and management of paraneoplastic syndromes may be important in palliative management. Except for hypercalcemia, conventional medical therapies are seldom helpful. Other paraneoplastic manifestations of RCC include cachexia, fever, hepatic dysfunction, anemia, and amyloidosis, although our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology remains incomplete.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic manifestations of renal cell carcinoma. 894 20


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