Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated assays of Tissue Polypeptide Antigen in serum and urine, as an index to the presence of cancer. In the assay, serum, which is first absorbed with human albumin-labeled sheep erythrocytes, or untreated urine (diluted with an equal volume of TPA-free serum) is incubated with antibody specific to Tissue Polypeptide Antigen and then reacted with sheep erythrocytes labeled with Tissue Polypeptide Antigen. We found an increased concentration of Tissue Polypeptide Antigen in the serum of 378 of 513 (74%) and in the urine of 49 of 77 (64%) patients with cancer, as compared with 40/112 (36%) and 7/29 (24%), respectively, for individuals with benign neoplasms. Normal individuals were defined as those with less than 0.09 unit of the antigen per milliliter of specimen. Concentrations exceeding this were found in 2/67 (3%) sera and 6/56 (11%) urines from supposedly normal persons. Tissue Polypeptide Antigen was found in above-normal concentrations in patients with cancer, regardless of neoplasm type and extension, with a higher proportion of abnormal values in patients with distal metastases.
 ...
PMID:A preliminary evaluation of tissue polypeptide antigen in serum or urine (or both) of patients with cancer or benign neoplasms. 65 73

Flow cytometry revealed the dynamic nature of polyclonal whole serum naturally occurring IgG and IgM antibody binding to the syngeneic murine T cell lymphomas SL2-5, L5178Y-F9 and the in vitro selected high natural antibody binding variant L5178Y-F9 TPA/NAb+3. This was particularly evident at physiological conditions where the temperature was 37 degrees C and the concentration of reactive serum natural antibodies (NAb) was high. Lower binding was observed at 37 versus 4 degrees C, or after raising the temperature from 4 to 37 degrees C, a procedure which was associated with an augmented loss of 125I-surface-labelled material from cells incubated in NAb compared to cells exposed to growth media. Even at 4 degrees C, NAb binding exhibited biphasic kinetics suggesting a loss of surface-bound NAb and a subsequent cycle of NAb uptake. The increased intravenous liver metastasis potential of the high NAb binding L5178Y-F9 TPA/NAb+3 corresponded with its higher total loss of 125I-surface-labelled material when incubated in NAb at 37 degrees C, and with its extensive loss of NAb binding when the temperature was raised from 4 to 37 degrees C. These observations are consistent with the idea that molecules released from the cell may contribute to the higher metastasis. This thinking was supported by the increased metastasis of tumor cells injected intravenously, either with serum in which they had been preincubated at 37 degrees C or into mice treated with supernatants from tumor cells incubated in NAb.
Invasion Metastasis 1992
PMID:Polyclonal natural antitumor antibody binding dynamics: preferential release of surface membrane molecules and increased metastasis. 129 33

The mechanism by which intravesical recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) prevents tumor cell adherence to injured bladder surfaces, and the optimal parameters for the in vivo use of rTPA for adherence prevention, were evaluated. Intravesical rTPA decreased tumor cell adherence to sites of urothelial injury as a direct function of drug concentration in the intravesical fluid. Recombinant TPA concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml significantly decreased tumor cell adherence relative to the control group. The efficacy of rTPA in removing adherent cells was time-dependent with maximal activity occurring at 15 min or later following intravesical administration. Intravesical rTPA effectively reduced the size of the tumor inoculum when administered either concomitant with, or subsequent to, tumor cell exposure. The relative efficacy of these two approaches was dependent upon the presence of serum in the intravesical fluid. Administration of rTPA concomitant with tumor cell exposure proved more effective in the absence of serum, while postadherence administration was more effective in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum. The addition of exogenous plasminogen to the rTPA solution did not increase anti-adherence activity relative to rTPA alone. However, blockade of endogenous plasminogen conversion with systemically administered epsilon-amino-caproic acid reversed the anti-adherence activity of exogenous rTPA. In vitro experiments evaluating cellular adherence to fibrin substrate confirmed that rTPA's anti-adherence activity was dependent on the presence of plasminogen. Exogenous rTPA administered immediately following tumor cell adherence decreased tumor cell implantation in animals receiving low to moderate tumor inoculums. These data suggest that rTPA prevents cellular adherence as a result of plasminogen activation and subsequent fibrinolysis. Intravesical rTPA administered in sufficient concentration for relatively short periods of time effectively reduces the adherent tumor inoculum and alters implantation as an inverse function of the tumor inoculum. This approach represents a novel strategy which may prove applicable for the prevention of implantation-mediated tumor recurrence at sites of surgical trauma.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1992 Mar
PMID:Intravesical recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for the prevention of implantation-mediated bladder tumor recurrence. 153 39

CEA, GICA, TPA, Fibrinopeptide-A (FpA) and Gamma-GT serum levels were evaluated in 312 patients affected by gastric cancer, to assess their effectiveness in diagnosis, evaluation of disease extension and follow-up of gastric cancer. In 204 patients neoplasia was limited to the stomach, in 108 liver metastases, ascertained by ultrasonography and/or TAC, were present. CEA was increased in 224 cases (71.8%); mean values were significantly higher in metastatic patients than in metastasis-free group (p less than 0.001), but overlap of values between the two groups was observed in about one third of cases. GICA was increased in 268 patients (86%) and TPA in 306 (98%), without significant differences between metastatic and metastasis-free group. FpA was increased in all patients; when metastases were present it was significantly higher than in metastasis-free patients (p less than 0.001), with negligible overlap of values between the two groups. Gamma-GT was normal in 202 metastasis-free patients (99%) and increased in 105 patients with liver metastases (97%). On the basis of these data CEA does not seem to have striking diagnostic sensibility nor reliability in differentiating presence from absence of liver metastases in patients with gastric cancer. Combined assay of TPA, FpA and Gamma-GT seems to be the most reliable serological approach in diagnosis, staging and follow-up of gastric cancer.
 ...
PMID:[CEA, GICA, TPA, fibrinopeptide-A, gamma-GT and gastric cancer. A contribution to the rationalization of a combined assay]. 168 76

Esophageal carcinoma has a catastrophic clinical course with a very low 5 year survival rate of 5%. A circulating tumor marker with good specificity and sensitivity would be useful in the management strategy of the disease. So far, no tumor marker effective in esophageal carcinoma has been identified. Preliminary reports suggest satisfactory positivity rates of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in esophageal carcinoma. We measured TATI levels in 71 patients with primary squamous cell esophageal carcinoma as well as in 30 tissue samples from both carcinoma and normal esophageal mucosa. Detectable TATI levels were not found in tumor tissue samples. The marker showed significantly higher serum levels in patients than in controls, with an overall positivity rate of 28%. TATI levels were significantly lower in patients with a high number of tumor-positive lymph nodes. No relationship was found between TATI and several other clinical and pathological parameters. High TATI levels correlated with a lower probability of overall survival as well as in cases without clinical evidence of lymph node metastases. TATI did not show any relationship with CEA, TPA, ferritin or SCC. The results of the present study suggest that TATI shows a satisfactory positivity rate in esophageal carcinoma, and TATI levels are related to local disease spread and prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in primary esophageal carcinoma. 178 Jun 88

The usefulness of post-operatively serial serum CA15-3 determination with CEA and TPA was evaluated in a group of 285 breast cancer patients. In particular, the CA15-3 sensitivity to 'early' diagnosis and monitoring of the response to treatment of breast cancer relapses, was compared with those of the two other markers in order to define the most suitable association. Moreover, in a group of 169 non relapsed patients with a prolonged follow-up (40 +/- 8 months; mean +/- s.d.) CA15-3 specificity was investigated. During post-operative follow-up in 27 (10%) patients, distant metastases occurred. In most of them, elevated values of one or more tumour markers were the first pathological sign and CA15-3, CEA and TPA sensitivity to 'early' diagnosis of metastases were 46%, 7% and 63% respectively. When each tumour marker was considered in combination, CA15-3-CEA-TPA association showed a higher sensitivity (87%) than both CA15-3-TPA (83%) and the CEA-TPA (70%). Serum CA15-3 increase preceded the certain sign of metastases 2.7 +/- 2.6 months (mean +/- s.d.). Shortly before appearance and during treatment of distant metastases, constant elevation and/or progressive increase in serum CA15-3 values occurred in all evaluated patients except three in whom isolated elevated values were found as well. In 24 (14%) of 169 non relapsed patients with prolonged follow-up (40 +/- 8 months; mean +/- s.d.) high serum CA15-3 values occurred. In 16 of these 24 patients, an isolated elevated value was found, while four (2.3%) or the eight remaining ones with constant elevation and/or progressive increase were falsely suspected of metastases. In this group of non relapsed patients, chronic liver failure, diabetes and/or hepatic steatosis were the reasons more commonly responsible for the CA15-3 increase. In metastatic patients, no organ-specificity was shown either by CA15-3 or by CEA and TPA. In these patients serum TPA values showed the highest sensitivity and paralleled clinical and/or instrumental signs better than the CA15-3 and even more than CEA values. These data indicate that in the post-operative follow-up of breast cancer patients, TPA is the most useful tumour marker and TPA-CA15-3 the most suitable association. Contemporaneous measurement of serum CEA levels only slightly increases sensitivity and positive predictive value of TPA-CA15-3 combination.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of serum CA15-3 determination with CEA and TPA in the post-operative follow-up of breast cancer patients. 185 15

A combination of 2 or 3 tumor markers was determined in the serum of 478 patients with malignant tumors. In 195 out of 213 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and without relapse or metastases, the Tg concentration has undetectable. In 9 patients with nonfunctioning thyroid metastases the Tg level was correlated with the progress of the disease or the success of the treatment. In 114 patients with gastrointestinal cancer CA 19-9, TPA and IAP were measured simultaneously. The highest discrepancies between patients with relapse or metastases (increased values in 1/2 of patients) and patients without relapse or metastases (increased values in 1/4 of patients) were given by CA 19-9. In the serum of 90 patients with breast cancer increased CA 15-3 values were found in 2/3 of patients with relapse or metastases and in 1/4 of patients without signs of tumor. A combination of universal tumor markers TPA and IAP had no value in monitoring 26 patients with melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Tumor marker determinations. 195 Jun 43

In the last decades several markers of pancreatic neoplasia have been proposed to obtain a diagnosis as earlier as possible. Prerequisites of a good tumor marker are high sensitivity and specificity. Among the various substances, serum determination of pancreatic enzymes has been found of no utility in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, due to its lack in sensitivity and specificity. Similar results with ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease. Oncofetal antigens (CEA and POA) have been initially considered promising indices; however, further studies showed their limits. In particular CEA is greatly influenced by the presence of hepatic metastases; therefore, serum levels are detectable only in advanced stages. TPA is characterized by a high sensitivity, but lacks in specificity and its use is now avoided. A real progress in the field of tumor markers has been made in the last years with the monoclonal antibody technique: among them CA 19-9 showed a good sensitivity and a satisfactory specificity as regards the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, it cannot be considered as absolute aid, since it is influenced by several factors, as tumor spread, jaundice and liver dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:[Value and limitations of neoplasm markers in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma]. 204 59

The aim of this study was to conduct immunohistochemical examinations of cell and tissue material compared with clinical examinations of markers to discover the possible mechanisms that can result in marker concentration increases in the plasma and other body fluids. From cell material and biopsies it was possible to identify in small-cell carcinomas TPA (52% of the carcinomas), NSE (57%) and no CEA. Of the non-small cell carcinomas (squamous cell and adenocarcinomas) 88% were TPA-positive, 52% CEA-positive and in metastases 100% TPA-positive and 66% CEA-positive. NSE was not found. Marker examinations in tissue and cell material can yield satisfactory results in recognising neuroendocrinal differentiations, and in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of metastases and lymphomas, compared with clinical tumour marker studies.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of tumor markers in lung biopsies and in bronchial lavage]. 216 99

The serum level measurement of CA 15-3 antigen was evaluated in association with CEA and TPA, during the follow-up in mastectomized patients previously affected by breast cancer: 94 patients with metastases and 319 without apparent disease evolution. In the group of patients with metastases, the CA 15-3 antigen showed high sensitivity (70.2%). The CA 15-3 and TPA association increased the sensitivity (87.2%), while the CEA and CA 15-3 association did not increase this parameter. All markers showed good correlation with therapeutic response. Thirteen patients among 19 without apparent disease evolution, developed metastases, during the follow-up. The CA 15-3 and/or TPA increase allowed to predict disease progression in 13/13 cases, 2-10 months before clinical evidence. Our experience shows that CA 15-3 measurement associated with TPA, during the follow-up of patients affected by breast cancer, may be helpful for increasing the predictivity with respect to those patients most likely to develop recurrent disease.
 ...
PMID:[CA 15-3 associated with CEA and TPA in the follow-up of breast carcinoma]. 225 9


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>