Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The duration of thyroid hormone deprivation necessary on the one hand to achieve a sufficiently high endogenous TSH level for the identification of 131I-storing metastases or local relapses, and on the other hand to keep the consequences of thyroid hormone deprivation as low as possible, was determined in 111 athyrotic patients with thyroid carcinoma by means of the basal TSH level or a TRH stimulation test. From the first follow-up examination, a T3 deprivation of 8 days is to be recommended. Low basal TSH levels and marked stimulation in the TRH test should be sufficient cause to prolong the T3 deprivation to 10 days with further examinations. After a longterm suppression of athyrotic patients with thyroid hormone, a decrease in the TSH rise was observed in the course of 2 years, after appropriate interruption of the substitution.
 ...
PMID:[TSH state after thyroid hormone deprivation in athyrotic thyroid cancer patients (author's transl)]. 40 53

Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy was performed in 212 consecutive patients with metastatic breast cancer: 11 died within 30 days, two of surgical complications and nine of advanced metastatic disease. Two patients were unevaluable because of inadequate follow-up in one and simultaneous radiation treatment in the other. Of 199 evaluable patients 42% had an objective remission. Duration of remission averaged 18+ months with 10 out of 84 patients still in remission. Presence of estrogen receptors in the tumor significantly predicted response to hypophysectomy. Of 156 patients in whom completeness of hypophysectomy was assessed, 128 were thought to have a complete removal as shown by the fact that their growth hormone and prolactin were undetectable after stimulation with arginine or chlorpromazine, respectively. Of 26 patients in whom TRH test was performed, TSH and prolactin were undetectable in 20. Of 23 patients where autopsy was performed only six had microscopic pituitary tissue remaining. Hypophysectomy induced remission in eight of 15 patients who had previously responded and then relapsed to the antiestrogen Tamoxifen and in four of 17 who had failed. Conversely, antiestrogen therapy induced remission in six of 26 patients who had previously responded to hypophysectomy and in whom serum estrogens were present in small amount. These data indicate that both gonadal and pituitary hormones play a role in the growth of some human breast cancers.
 ...
PMID:Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in breast cancer: evidence for an individual role of pituitary and gonadal hormones in supporting tumor growth. 50 1

Following operation or/and radioiodine therapy in 69 patients with malignant tumors of the thyroid gland the plasma level of TSH was increased independently of the level of thyroid hormone and of a clinical finding of hypothyroidism. In all cases it was possible to stimulate the secretion of TSH with TRH (p less than 0,0005). Therefore, application of TRH may be helpful to increase the uptake of iodine by metastases. On the other hand substitution of thyroid hormones--thyroxine or triiodothyronine or both combined--resulted in normal levels of TSH and normal response to TRH.
 ...
PMID:[Behavior of the TSH level in thyroidectomized patients after thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)]. 81 89

In 16 patients with metastatic testicular cancer and 10 age matched male control subjects growth hormone (GH) responses to growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH; 1 microgram/kg body weight iv.) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH; 200 micrograms iv.) were measured. Basal GH levels and GH levels following stimulation with GHRH or TRH were significantly increased in cancer patients compared to control subjects. 9 patients with testicular cancer were studied both in the stage of metastatic disease and after they had reached a complete remission. In complete remission GH responses to GHRH tended to decrease but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Our data suggest an alteration of hypothalamic and/or pituitary regulation of GH secretion in patients with metastatic testicular cancer.
 ...
PMID:Increased growth hormone responses to growth hormone releasing hormone and thyrotropin releasing hormone in patients with metastatic testicular cancer. 210 20

Calcitonin determination is of central importance in the diagnosis and follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Stimulation tests must be applied, particularly for early recognition of familial medullary thyroid carcinomas and for early diagnosis of relapses/metastases, since the basal calcitonin levels are still within the normal range initially. The pentagastrin stimulation test has proven to be the most effective one, though it is associated with considerable adverse effects. TRH is also able to stimulate calcitonin secretion in medullary thyroid carcinoma. The present study examines the value of TRH stimulation compared with pentagastrin stimulation in patients with occult or manifest metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Both patients with occult metastases displayed a marked calcitonin increase after pentagastrin stimulation, but not after TRH stimulation. While calcitonin increased after pentagastrin in the two patients with manifest metastases, TRH produced a clear rise in only one of them and even caused the serum calcitonin concentration to drop continuously in the other one. Thus, TRH cannot be regarded as a reliable calcitonin stimulant in medullary thyroid carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Is thyrotropin-releasing hormone as reliable a calcitonin stimulant as pentagastrin in medullary thyroid carcinoma? 211 16

TSH-suppressive doses of L-thyroxine (T4) are needed in the treatment of athyreotic cancer patients in order to prevent metastases. We were interested to know whether the TSH-suppressive dose can be predicted on a body weight-or body surface basis in athyreotic individuals, which might save them the control TRH-test. 92 athyreotic patients (22 men, 70 females; age 25-81, mean 50.4 yrs; body weight ranging from 48-114 kg, mean 73), who have been operated for differentiated thyroid cancer and who have had at least one treatment ablative doses of 131-I, were investigated. After 4 weeks without thyroid hormone supplementation (checked by TSH serum concentration above 20 microU/ml) patients were set on 150 mcg of L-T4/day. TSH serum concentration before and 20' after 200 mcg of TRH were measured by the ultrasensitive TSH kit of Behringwerke. Total and free T4 as well as total T3 were also measured by radioimmunoassay kits. TRH tests were performed 6 weeks after start of treatment in 51 patients and 8 or more weeks respectively in 41 patients. Only the inclusion of the influence of age (multiple correlation) yielded a significant positive correlation between basal TSH and L-T4 dose/body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Can the thyrotropin (TSH) suppressive dose of L-thyroxine (T4) be individually predicted in athyroid patients?]. 212 Sep 1

There are 36 reported cases of metastatic pituitary carcinoma and almost half (44%) of these were associated with syndromes of hormonal hypersecretion. The case of a 56-year-old acromegalic man with cervical lymphatic and spinal metastases from a primary pituitary carcinoma is described. Elevated basal levels of plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor-1/Somatomedin C (IGF-1/SmC) were found. GH levels did not increase after TRH or LHRH administration but decreased after L-Dopa and glucose. Immunostaining of the metastatic tumor for GH and electron microscopy findings confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary GH-secreting carcinoma. Striking clinical improvement and a 46% decrease in plasma GH levels were observed with bromocriptine treatment, although IGF-1/SmC levels increased during therapy. The clinical course of most reported cases of pituitary adenocarcinoma has been one of progressive intracranial expansion of a pituitary neoplasm. In only 25% were metastatic lesions discovered antemortem, and disabling symptomatology caused by metastases was rare. Only four previously reported patients of 36 with pituitary carcinoma had acromegaly.
 ...
PMID:Pituitary adenocarcinoma in an acromegalic patient: response to bromocriptine and pituitary testing: a review of the literature on 36 cases of pituitary carcinoma. 266 75

Ricin A chain immunotoxin (IT) 45-2D9-RTA mediates regression of spontaneous pulmonary metastases and lung colonies from K-ras transformed rat fibroblasts (TRF cells). However, residual metastases are frequently noted after IT therapy, and therefore, possible mechanisms mediating tumor cell escape were investigated. Individual lung colonies were dissected from lungs of BALB/c mice, and single-cell suspensions of fresh cells from short-term cultures (eight passages) were tested. Immunoperoxidase staining with 45-2D9 monoclonal antibody showed that stable loss of surface antigen by cells cultured from IT-treated mice did not occur after four injections of specific IT. Sensitivity to specific IT in vitro was equal for metastatic tumor cells from mice treated with either two or four doses of specific IT compared to cells from nonspecific IT-treated mice and to parental cells. Clones derived from metastases of IT-treated mice were not resistant to IT. Clones derived from metastases of specific IT-treated mice internalized bound antibody or IT at the same rate as untreated cells. Freshly disaggregated cells from specific IT-treated mice were as sensitive to specific IT as were cells from nonspecific IT-treated or untreated mice. Specific IT successfully mediated reduction of lung colonies derived from fresh suspensions of lung colony TRF cells from IT-treated mice. This reduction was equivalent to that seen for cells not previously exposed to specific IT. Immunoperoxidase stains of lung sections with 45-2D9 showed that colonies consisting entirely of unstained TRF cells were present in both specific IT and phosphate buffered saline-treated mice. There was a trend toward a higher percentage of antigen-negative colonies in mice treated with IT, although 9 days following specific IT therapy, greater than 80% of lung colonies expressed gp74 antigen. When TRF cells were grown on agar plugs, which promoted three-dimensional growth, groups of cells showing absence of immunoperoxidase staining with antibody to gp74 were identified during 2 weeks of growth. Thus, stability of antigen-negative variants is favored by three-dimensional growth conditions and the selective pressure of IT administration. Our results also suggest that impaired trafficking of IT to antigen-positive cells may also contribute to escape from IT therapy.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of gp74 expression by transformed rat fibroblasts from experimental pulmonary metastases following specific ricin A-chain immunotoxin therapy. 267 48

Twenty patients with stage D2 prostatic carcinoma were treated for up to 18 months with D-Trp-6-LH-RH. Results of more than 3 months of treatment on these 20 patients are reported. The analog was given SC once daily at a dose of 1,000 micrograms/day. All patients had bone pain and high levels of acid and alkaline phosphatase. After the first week of D-Trp-6-LH-RH administration, major decreases in bone pain and reversal of the signs of prostatism were observed. Acid phosphatase gradually fell, achieving normal values after 12 weeks. Initial plasma testosterone was within normal limits, but during treatment with D-Trp-6-LH-RH it fell to castration levels. Resting values of PRL, GH, TSH, and cortisol did not show significant changes. After TRH, TSH increased in five patients, but five did not respond. However, at 2 and 4 months, all patients released TSH in response to TRH. Two patients died during the treatment with D-Trp-6-LH-RH despite initial subjective responses and decreases in testosterone levels. The rise in acid phosphatase levels in these two patients was accompanied by a general deterioration, suggesting that they had androgen-independent cancer. One patient who developed progressive hepatic, bone, and pulmonary metastases in spite of previous orchiectomy was also treated with the analog. Three months later his acid phosphatase levels were within normal values, and partial regression of metastases was observed. These results demonstrate that D-Trp-6-LH-RH and other LH-RH agonists can be used as an effective endocrine therapy for advanced prostate carcinoma, thereby avoiding the side effects of estrogens or the psychological impact of surgical castration.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma with D-Trp-6-LH-RH. 293 92

This prospective trial was designed to help in selecting therapy for patients with elevated and normal plasma prolactin. Ninety-two patients entered this trial, of whom 86 were evaluable for final analysis. Hyperprolactinemic patients (n = 31) were randomized to receive VAC/FMC chemotherapy with or without bromoergocryptine. Normoprolactinemic patients with 'low risk' metastatic disease (disease-free interval greater than 30 months, ER/PR positive or unknown) were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate or VAC/FMC chemotherapy. Normoprolactinemic 'high risk' patients (n = 42) (disease-free interval less than 30 months, EP/PR negative) received VAC/FMC chemotherapy with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP). The results show that bromoergocryptine does not improve response rate, duration of response and survival. Median survival of patients with elevated basal plasma prolactin (greater than 15 ng/ml) is reduced to 9 months compared to patients with normal basal plasma prolactin (17 months, log-rank p = 0.005). Unexpectedly, TRH stimulation proved inappropriate to separate normo- and hyperprolactinemic patients in terms of survival. Normoprolactinemic 'low risks' (tamoxifen failures) were observed to qualify for further hormone therapy (median survival 21+ months). Normoprolactinemic 'high risks' showed median survival of about 12 months with no apparent benefit for those receiving MAP, additionally. The results suggest that basal hyperprolactinemia, disease free interval, ER/PR receptor status, and liver metastasis are important prognostic variables. Endocrine and cytotoxic chemotherapy should be selected according to these risk factors.
 ...
PMID:Prospective randomized trial concerning hyper- and normoprolactinemia and the use of bromoergocryptine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. 295 Mar 59


1 2 Next >>