Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cellular origin of estrogen-induced kidney tumors in male Syrian hamsters has been repeatedly the subject of controversy. Several authors have proposed that the tumors arise from proximal tubules, from a combination of tubular and interstitial stromal cells, or solely from interstitial cells. Because of the model character of this tumor for hormone-associated cancer, it was further investigated in this study with respect to morphology, enzyme and intermediate filament pattern, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and tenascin. These analyses were carried out with early and late tumors as well as metastases to determine possible changes in expression of biochemical parameters during the development and progression of this neoplasm. The enzyme histochemical and intermediate filament patterns were usually the same as those described previously for proliferative foci and early tumors, i.e. highly elevated activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenylate cyclase and alkaline phosphatase, a lack of glucose-6-phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase and coexpression of vimentin and desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin could not be detected in early lesions. In five of 24 advanced tumors inclusions of kidney tubules were found which showed various degrees of alteration in their morphology and enzyme histochemical pattern, but were often directly connected with tubular segments of normal appearance outside the tumor. Like the normal tubules, the enclosed tubular segments were strongly positive for cytokeratin but never expressed vimentin or desmin. Among the 24 tumors studied, two contained cysts which expressed cytokeratin and sometimes also vimentin but not desmin. The enzyme histochemistry of the cells lining the cysts was similar to that of the surrounding tumor mass, except adenylate cyclase was lacking and alkaline phosphatase was not uniformly distributed. In tumors containing cytokeratin-positive cysts, there often were cytokeratin-positive, vimentin-negative and desmin-negative tumor formations in close contact to these cysts. With the exception of cyst formation, the pattern of metastases were identical to that of the primary tumors. All large tumors and the main component of the metastases expressed vimentin, desmin and fibronectin. Mesothelia surrounding metastatic tumor complexes were positive for vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, cytokeratin and tenascin. It was concluded from these and previous observations on early stages of tumor development that the estrogen-induced hamster kidney tumor originates from mesenchymal interstitial cells (probably pericytes) which may rarely acquire an epithelial phenotype by metaplastic transformation during tumor progression.
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PMID:Changes in the cellular phenotype and extracellular matrix during progression of estrogen-induced mesenchymal kidney tumors in Syrian hamsters. 171 81

The cytokeratin (CK) expression patterns of local, ie, primary or recurrent, high-grade-malignant transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the human urinary tract and autologous lymphogenic and hematogenic metastases (n = 33) were compared. Special attention was paid to CK expression in the tumor invasion front and other areas where tumor-stroma interaction occurred to visualize cell populations with a metastatic phenotype. For this purpose, polypeptide-specific monoclonal antibodies to CKs 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, and 19 were used, employing the immunoperoxidase method. Results show that: 1) An increased expression of CK8 and CK18 is seen in the TCC tumor cells at the interface with peritumoral stroma in the tumor invasion front and with intratumoral stroma ('interface phenomenon'). Other than reflecting a quantitative change, this phenomenon might be explained by unmasking of CK8 and CK18 epitopes occurring in these regions. 2) Although in general the expression of CK13 in local TCC is decreased with increase of histopathologic parameters for progression, ie, grade and stage, an extensive proportion of CK13-positive tumor cells still can be found in some TCCs, even in metastases. 3) Morphologically recognizable types of aberrant differentiation in TCC, i.e., pseudosarcomatous or squamous differentiation and marked loss of differentiation, show altered expression of many of the CKs studied.
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PMID:Cytokeratin expression patterns in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. An immunohistochemical study comparing local tumor and autologous metastases. 172 91

Ninety-eight consecutive patients with primary operable breast cancer and an initial diagnosis of no regional lymph node metastases as assessed by conventional light microscopy were studied. Immunohistological staining of routine lymph node sections was assessed using two monoclonal antibodies: CAM 5.2 (Becton Dickinson) with specificity for low molecular weight cytokeratin, and NCRC-11 (CRC Laboratories, Nottingham) with specificity for epithelial mucin antigen. Positive staining for occult metastases was seen in nine patients with CAM 5.2 and in eight of these nine with NCRC-11. At a follow-up out to 14 years, there was no difference in overall survival, in recurrence-free survival, or in frequency of or time to presentation of local or regional recurrences between occult metastasis-positive and occult metastasis-negative patients. This study concludes that while immunohistological staining of routine lymph node sections increases the diagnostic yield of metastases, it is not to be recommended as this increase is of no useful clinical value.
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PMID:Occult regional lymph node metastases from breast carcinoma: immunohistological detection with antibodies CAM 5.2 and NCRC-11. 172 47

During a routine long-term drug safety study, lasting approximately 2 1/2 yr, male Wistar rats, treated with a prolactin-inhibiting compound, developed an excess of Leydig cell tumors (LCTs). Most tumors were typical for the rat but a small number showed an unusual variation and some appeared malignant. The variation consisted of glandular and/or tubular structures within the tumor mass which occasionally anastomosed and contained an eosinophilic periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) positive material. In a few of these variants, malignant features such as cellular atypia, capsular, and lymphatic invasion and necrosis were seen. No metastases were detected. Detailed morphological and immunohistochemical investigations were conducted in order to establish the cell of origin of these variants. Glandular/tubular structures were found to stain with varying intensity for vimentin and cytokeratin, but were always negative for beta-tubulin. The results indicated that the cell of origin of these LCT variants was indeed the Leydig cell and that glandular and/or tubular structures within LCTs represented a form of Leydig cell metaplasia.
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PMID:Morphologic and immunohistochemical characterization of Leydig cell tumor variants in Wistar rats. 172 33

Twenty-six cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with a predominant epithelioid pattern were studied to determine the range of its histologic patterns, immunophenotype, and biologic behavior. The tumor presented as an asymptomatic mass either in superficial (16 cases) or in deep soft tissue (10 cases) of the extremity. Characteristically, those in deep soft tissue were composed of vague nodules of varying cellularity made up of cords or strands of rounded epithelioid cells with prominent nucleoli. Those in superficial soft tissue were uninodular masses composed of tight clusters of cells showing cell-to-cell molding but possessing the same prominence of nuclei and mitotic activity as those in deep soft tissue. Several were associated with a preexisting benign nerve sheath tumor. A number of cases deviated from the above description, including cases that resembled a clear cell carcinoma, a malignant rhabdoid tumor, and a pleomorphic sarcoma. The majority of cases (80%) strongly expressed S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase, but all lacked a melanoma-associated antigen (as defined by HMB-45) and cytokeratin. Stains for type IV collagen defined linear immunoreactivity around single cells and groups of cells. This pattern did not differ substantially from that of melanomas and therefore did not serve as a reliable discriminant. Follow-up information indicated a more favorable course for those in superficial soft tissue compared with those in deep sites. Two of 16 patients in the former group developed metastatic disease compared with three of 10 in the latter group. Tumors in superficial soft tissue may be eminently treatable and curable, depending on size.
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PMID:Epithelioid variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (malignant epithelioid schwannoma). 174 81

Sixteen cases of paragangliomas of the head and neck including 8 of the vagal body, 3 of the carotid body, 2 jugulotympanic, 2 vagal or jugulotympanic and 1 of the larynx were analysed. Clinically, 13 tumors were benign, 2 showed local aggressivity and 1 showed metastases. All tumors were tested with antisera directed against neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CGA), S-100 protein, neurofilaments (NF), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and cytokeratin (CK). Immunohistochemical results were compared with those of 5 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NC) (1 of the oral vestibule, 1 of the larynx, 1 Merkel-cell tumor of the skin and 2 medullary thyroid carcinomas). Immunoreactivity for NSE and/or CGA was always positive in all paragangliomas and NC. S-100 protein was positive in sustenticular cells in all cases of paragangliomas and focally in two cases of NC. NF and GFAP were focally positive in 3 and 2 paragangliomas respectively; and in 1 NC. CK was constantly negative in all cases of paraganglioma and constantly positive in all cases of NC. Antibody anti-CK is the single most useful immunomarker for differential diagnosis between paraganglioma, frequently benign neoplasms and NC commonly aggressive in the head and neck. These findings are consistent with the current concepts of the neuroendocrine system.
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PMID:Paragangliomas of the head and neck. Immunohistochemical analysis of 16 cases in comparison with neuro-endocrine carcinomas. 175 7

The following comparative study is an analysis of the clinical data, morphology and immunophenotype of 93 patients who have been operated on for renal cell carcinoma. We were able to show a close link between the histological grade and the occurrence of distant metastases: 33% of the patients with grade III tumours versus 11.5% of the patients with grade I tumours had developed metastasis by the time of the surgery. Histological subtyping per se did not give prognostic hints. Immunohistochemistry has revealed an inconsistent reaction pattern for the cytokeratin marker K11 (18/22). For proper diagnosis a panel of cytokeratin markers should be employed. The reaction patterns of monoclonal antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and against myelomonocytic antigens in normal renal tissue (positive for the tubulus system) and in renal carcinoma indicate that renal cell carcinoma derive from the tubulus system. The proliferation marker Ki-67 correlates well with the histological grading. Although only a limited number of snap-frozen tumours have been investigated, this study indicates that EGFR is expressed by normal and by malignant renal tissue and that Ki-67 may serve as a prognostic marker.
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PMID:Does the immunophenotype of renal cell carcinoma correlate with its clinical stage? 178 Nov 2

The authors report a rare case of primary pleomorphic carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 70-year-old woman. A polypoid tumor protruded into the lumen from the fundus of the gallbladder. Characteristic histologic findings included a general lack of architectural cohesiveness, marked pleomorphism, presence of mononucleated and multinucleated giant cells, extensive necrosis, leukocyte-tumor cell phagocytosis or cannibalism. Immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen as well as histochemical positivity for mucins demonstrated the epithelial nature of the tumor. The neoplasm behaved aggressively; the patient died of metastases 9 months after the operation.
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PMID:Pleomorphic carcinoma of the gallbladder: report of a case. 180 18

The rare case of a meningioma with pulmonary metastases in a dog is described. Clinically, the ten-year-old boxer bitch showed generalized seizures, strabismus and deficient proprioception. The post-mortem examination revealed a basically localized meningeal tumor, having the light- and electron-microscopic appearance of a malignant meningotheliomatous meningioma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells did not show any positive reaction with antibodies to GFAP, S-100 protein, NSE, vimentin, cytokeratin, desmin, and von Willebrand factor (factor VIII related antigen). Immunohistochemical examination of seven other canine meningiomas showed an identical pattern. The results and the relevant literature are discussed.
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PMID:[Malignant meningioma with lung metastases in a Boxer]. 188 46

The time to detection of metastatic bone disease (MBD) by radiographic examination was studied in 221 patients with advanced breast cancer. None of the patients had bone metastases by radiography or bone marrow carcinosis, evaluated by bilateral iliac crest biopsy. The period of follow-up after first recurrence was 46 months. Fifty-five patients (25%) had MBD; 89 patients died without MBD. The cumulated rate of MBD was 14% and 27% after 1 and 2 years, respectively. The actuarial time to MBD was associated significantly with the presence of positive regional lymph nodes at primary diagnosis, the occurrence of metastases in the mediastinum, and the presence of visceral metastases. Moreover, a positive bone scintigraphic scan at the time of first recurrence and abnormal biochemical analyses from serum also were associated significantly with a shortened time to MBD. Micrometastases in the bone marrow, as detected by monoclonal antibodies against epithelial markers (epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin), were present in 18% of the patients. The presence of such tumor cells was not associated with development of radiologic MBD. Cox analyses revealed that the result of bone scintigraphic scanning and the presence of visceral metastases were the most important and independent predictors of the time of MBD. Four distinct prognostic groups were identified based on the status of these two variables. The recognition of these prognostic groups has several implications for clinical and therapeutic management of patients with recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:Prognostic indicators of metastatic bone disease in human breast cancer. 191 53


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