Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six patients with localized prostatic carcinoma undergoing radical prostatectomy were studied by serial sample collection from the time of surgical removal of the prostate up to one week in the postoperative period. Of the three markers studied (PAP, PSA, LASA), half-life of specific prostatic markers were calculated. Half-life of PAP was found to be 7.25 hours +/- SE of 0.7 hours. For PSA the half-life could be obtained in 4 of 6 patients and was found to be 45.5 hours +/- SE 4.9 hours. In 2 patients PSA did not fall in a regular fashion and half-life could not be obtained. In both patients metastatic disease has developed within six months of surgery. LASA demonstrated progressive increase following surgery, most likely due to associated inflammatory reaction. These studies confirm previous observations that PSA is a more sensitive marker than PAP, and that the presence of an elevated PSA after radical prostatectomy denotes the presence of residual disease.
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PMID:Prognostic implications of disappearance rate of biologic markers following radical prostatectomy. 170 May 27

Serum activities of bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) were evaluated in 271 cancer patients; 120 of them had bone metastases (BM) and 151 had none. Correlation coefficients, specificities, sensitivities, negative and positive predicting values were computed. They showed the important contribution that these isoenzymes can bring to the diagnosis of BM in 80 patients with prostate cancer, and to the followup of 191 patients with breast cancer. The assay results were analysed in parallel with bone scan and radiography. They were also compared to those of serum antigens: PSA and PAP for prostate cancer, and CEA and CA15.3 for breast cancer. These results clearly indicate that both isoenzymes are better correlated with BM than antigens, these antigens being markers of the whole tumor burden--primary tumor, metastases, recurrence--whereas b-ALP and tr-ACP are specific markers of bone metabolism.
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PMID:[Evaluation of two serum isoenzyme phosphatases as bone metastasis markers]. 208 Dec 81

Patients with newly diagnosed prostatic cancer should be investigated with regard to the presence or absence of distant metastases by: (1) Clinical history especially of weight loss, recent pain, or analgesics intake. (2) Physical examination, looking especially for hepatic enlargement, peripheral lymph nodes, local bone tenderness. (3) Performance status. (4) Hemoglobin, creatinine, PSA and/or PAP, alkaline phosphatases, liver tests, testosterone. (5) Bone scan with X-ray of doubtful hot spots. (6) Chest X-ray. (7) Ultrasound scans (liver, kidney, lymph nodes) or CT scan may be indicated if abnormal blood parameters or in specific situations. (8) Other investigations are only indicated in special circumstances. Follow-up should include: (1), (2), (3), (4) every 3 months. For patients in clinical trials, depending on the end point, bone scan should be repeated every 6 months or possibly depending on the prognostic group (good: every 12 months; bad: 3 to 6 months). For routine clinical management, it could be repeated only when markers (PAP, PSA, alkaline phosphatase) show significant (25-50%) increase and provided the result will influence treatment. Other investigations should only be repeated or performed if abnormal at the start of if clinical data require them.
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PMID:The staging of M+ disease. 221 62

The red cell membrane stearic acid to oleic acid ratio was analysed in 34 men with histologically proven carcinoma of the prostate and distant metastases. This ratio was expressed as the saturation index (SI). A mean SI of 0.97 was found in control patients without evidence of any malignancy whereas all patients with advanced prostatic cancer showed a reduced stearic to oleic acid ratio (mean SI 0.466). Untreated patients had a significantly lower SI (mean 0.36) than those who had responded to hormonal therapy (mean 0.547; P less than 0.0001). A drop in SI correlated well with more advanced disease as judged by radiological findings and serum PSA. It is suggested that red cell membrane SI correlates well with radiological and biochemical markers of advanced prostatic carcinoma and may be used as a marker to assess progress and response to treatment.
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PMID:Erythrocyte stearic to oleic acid ratio in prostatic carcinoma. 233 46

PSA and PAP are effective immunohistologic markers for prostatic cancer metastases. PSA seems to be more sensitive than PAP for diagnosing metastatic prostatic cancer. Simultaneous determination of PSA and PAP yields an additive clinical value in diagnosing and follow-up of prostatic cancer. The prognostic reliability for disease progression (recurrence and treatment response) seems to be PSA greater than PAP greater than AcidP greater than Alkal. P.
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PMID:Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen--usefulness in the diagnosis of metastatic disease and follow-up. 245 8

The value of protein-bound (PSA), lipid-bound (LSA) and free sialic acid (FSA) levels in the serum as marker was assessed together with its use as a prognostic indicator for head and neck cancers in 165 patients followed-up for over 18 months. Elevated PSA levels were found in 57% of patients with benign disorders, 52% with primary head and neck cancers, and 75% with metastatic cancer. Strong correlation was found between PSA and the regression/progression of the disease. The PSA level essentially returned to normal in patients with favorable prognosis and PSA levels showed a tendency to increase or remain at high levels in patients with a poor prognosis. These results suggest that PSA level is a better prognostic indicator in head and neck cancers, for which there is no available tumor marker.
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PMID:Serum sialic acid forms as markers for head and neck malignancies. 318 39

According to the most recent US cancer statistics, prostatic cancer almost equals lung cancer as the most frequent cause of death from cancer in men. The search for diagnostic methods as well as control examinations have therefore gained great importance. The present study reveals that--in addition to rectal touch, sonography and biopsy of the prostate--the determination of both PSA as organ-specific marker and lipid-associated sialic acid (LSA) as a general tumor marker, is well suited for follow-up and monitoring treatment. With regard to the follow-up, the combined determination of PSA and LSA in serum of patients with prostatic cancer achieves a higher sensitivity as compared to PSA alone (increase of 30-40%). LSA is a good indicator for the presence of metastases. Therefore, the determination of LSA should become an integral part of treatment monitoring and detection of metastatic disease in patients with prostatic cancer.
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PMID:The role of lipid-associated sialic acid (LSA) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the follow-up of prostatic cancer. 750 44

1. With an average follow-up of 53 months (range 12-120 months), 19.4% (185/955) of men have had a cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. A detectable serum PSA was the only evidence of recurrence in 11.2%, whereas 2.2% have had a recurrence locally and 6% with distant metastases. 2. The actuarial status at 10 years was 70% for undetectable serum PSA; 23% for isolated serum PSA elevation only; 7% for distant metastases; and 4% for local recurrence. 3. In our study, no patient demonstrated disease progression (local or distant) without detectable serum PSA. 4. The actuarial likelihood of an elevated serum PSA increased with increasing clinical stage, Gleason score, preoperative serum PSA concentration, and pathologic stage. 5. The actuarial recurrence rate for tumors with a Gleason score of 7 was not statistically different from the recurrence rate for lesions of Gleason score 8-10. 6. There exist marked differences in actuarial recurrence-free probabilities for men with tumors of low Gleason score (< 7) compared with those with tumors of high Gleason score (> or = 7) when there is pathologically established capsular penetration. 7. Patients with preoperative serum PSA concentrations greater than 10.0 ng/mL are at a statistically increased risk of recurrence. 8. Men who have detectable serum PSA within the first year after surgery are at a significantly higher risk of disease progression than those men who have measurable serum PSA in postoperative years two and three. 9. Men with an isolated elevation of serum PSA after radical prostatectomy have a 25% likelihood of harboring an occult local recurrence. However, radiation therapy produces a sustained suppression of PSA to undetectable levels for 2 years or more in only 10% of men. This suggests that radiation therapy is not effective in sterilizing occult local residual tumor in many men. 10. Valuable information concerning disease recurrence and progression can be obtained through early postoperative measurement of serum PSA. This article demonstrates the long-term value of serum PSA as a measure of progression after anatomic radical prostatectomy.
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PMID:Serum PSA after anatomic radical prostatectomy. The Johns Hopkins experience after 10 years. 750 80

Paneth cell-like change (PCLC) of the prostatic epithelium is considered to be a distinct form of neuroendocrine differentiation characterized by isolated cells or small groups of cells with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. We evaluated 300 serially sectioned radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who had not received prior adjuvant therapy (pathologic stages T2NOMO [177 patients], T3NOMO [100 patients], and TxN1MO [23 patients]). Paneth cell-like change was identified in 30 cases (10%), ranging from 1 to 20 high-power fields/positive case (mean, 4.1 high-power fields/case). There was no correlation of PCLC with prostate volume, prostate weight, Gleason grade, nuclear grade, lymph node metastases, serum prostate-specific antigen levels, cancer volume, area or presence of capsular perforation, seminal vesicle invasion, or glandular mucin (all P > .05), although a positive correlation was seen with cribriform pattern (r = 0.50, P = .0015). Immunohistochemistry revealed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity within cells of PCLC for chromogranin (seven of seven cases), neuron-specific enolase (seven of seven cases), serotonin (six of seven cases), prostate-specific antigen (five of seven cases), and prostatic acid phosphatase (four of seven cases); lysozyme was negative (seven cases). Our findings indicate that PCLC is more common than previously reported, but that it is not associated with tumor grade, serum PSA levels, or pathologic stage. This study also shows that PCLC represents neuroendocrine differentiation, suggesting that the term "Paneth cell-like change" be deleted from the pathologist's lexicon in relation to prostatic adenocarcinoma; a more appropriate term might be "neuroendocrine cells with large eosinophilic granules."
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PMID:Paneth cell-like change in prostatic adenocarcinoma represents neuroendocrine differentiation: report of 30 cases. 811 11

Prostate inhibin peptide (PIP) is a polypeptide synthesized by the prostate gland that is involved in prostatic growth and differentiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate PIP as an immunocytochemical marker for prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA) by comparing it with PSA and PAP. A total of 71 cases of primary PCA and 5 cases of metastatic PCA were studied. Primary tumors were specially selected to include a disproportionate number of high-grade tumors. The distribution of cases by Gleason score was 2-5, 14 cases; 6-7, 24 cases; and 8-10, 33 cases. Four metastases were to bone (decalcified tissue) and one to soft tissue. All 71 cases of primary PCA stained positively for the three antibodies tested, with none demonstrating obvious superiority, although individual case variability was seen. In one bone metastasis, staining for PSA was negative, with both PAP and PIP giving positive results. All non-prostatic carcinomas tested were negative. These results indicate that PIP is as sensitive and specific an immunohistochemical marker as PSA and PAP in untreated prostate adenocarcinomas. Further, the androgen-independent nature of PIP may give it an advantage over PSA/PAP in tumors exposed to androgen ablating agents.
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PMID:Prostate inhibin peptide (PIP) in prostate cancer: a comparative immunohistochemical study with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). 751 89


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