Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients with widespread painful osseous metastases from breast cancer unresponsive to other systemic therapy were treated with mithramycin at dose levels usually used for treating Paget's disease. Ten patients had relief of pain, which was marked and rapid in onset in seven. Mobility was greatly improved in four patients. Healing of bone lesions did not occur and new lesions developed while treatment was being given. Clinical response was associated with a decrease in plasma alkaline phosphatase. Toxicity was mild and consisted of nausea in most patients and a slight decrease in platelet count in one patient. Mithramycin is a useful agent for palliation of painful bone metastases and should be considered for further trials of combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer with bone metastases.
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PMID:Effect of mithramycin on widespread painful bone metastases in cancer of the breast. 9 11

Twenty-six patients with metastases from a germinal cancer of the testis were treated with Mithramycin. After an observation time of between one-half-3 one-half years, 18 are still alive, of which 12 appear to be free from cancer. The 2-year survival rate is 50% (5/10). The side effects of Mithramycin therapy are described and discussed.
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PMID:The treatment of low differentiated germinal cancers of the testis using mithramycin. 12 44

Mithramycin binds stoichiometrically with G-C pairs of nucleotides, thus it is useful for nuclear DNA fluorocytophotometry. In the present study, relationships between clinical features and nuclear DNA ploidy values were explored in 80 gastric cancer cases. For the first time, nuclear DNA ploidy values of tumor tissues even in the same gastric cancer were found to be not always identical, when those were determined at two different sites in the same layer or at two different depths of cancer invasion. The highest DNA ploidy values greater than 9C of the original tumors were significantly more frequently observed in advanced cancer than in early cancer. The highest DNA ploidy values greater than 12 degrees C of the original tumors were significantly more frequently observed in gastric cancer cases with lymph node metastases than in those without lymph node metastases. The highest DNA ploidy values of metastatic tumors in lymph nodes were significantly greater than those of the original tumors. The cell lines with very high nuclear DNA ploidy values, however, usually do not establish new stem lines in metastatic lymph nodes. Borrmann 2 gastric cancer which was clinically diagnosed as the localized type often showed much greater nuclear DNA ploidy values and higher incidence of metastases than Borrmann 3. Therefore, it is not true that Borrmann 2 gastric cancer is less malignant than Borrmann 3. When cancer cells invaded onto the peritoneal surface, through the serosal layer, the highest nuclear DNA ploidy values are significantly reduced for unknown reasons. Therefore, it should be kept in mind that the reduction of highest nuclear DNA ploidy values in these invasive types of gastric cancer patients does not necessarily mean a good clinical sign. Nuclear DNA ploidy analysis is the effective means of cell biological diagnosis for gastric cancer.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of fluorocytophotometric DNA ploidy analysis of gastric cancer with special reference to its comparison with clinical and histopathological diagnosis. 213 Jul 73

Hypercalcemia is common among patients with cancer and may be due to secretion by tumors of a humoral, calcemic, bone-resorbing factor or, alternatively, to skeletal metastases. In each case, hypercalcemia ultimately results from osteoclastic bone resorption. Therapy should be aimed at (1) reducing or eliminating tumor burden, (2) increasing renal calcium clearance, and (3) inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption. Hydration with saline infusion and augmentation of calciuresis with furosemide should be the initial modes of therapy in most patients. Oral phosphorus should be used in hypophosphatemic patients. Glucocorticoids, calcitonin, and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors may be effective in reducing bone resorption in selected patients. Mithramycin reliably induces a fall in serum calcium but long-term use is usually complicated by toxicity. A new class of drugs that inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, the diphosphonates, is being employed in clinical trials in patients with malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Results have been particularly promising with dichloromethylene diphosphonate.
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PMID:Therapy of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia: 1983. 621 80

Some tumors release factors able to activate host osteoclasts. Mithramycin at sub-tumoricidal doses inhibits the release of calcium mediated by osteoclasts. If invasion of bone by a cancer requires activation of these cells, their intermittent "blockade' might impede the development of metastases to bone or their local extension. Fetal rat bones prelabelled with 45Ca were cultured in the presence of 10(-7) M prostaglandin E2, sera from normal individuals, or from patients with multiple myeloma. Additional samples preincubated for 3 h with 1 microgram/ml of mithramycin, were washed before culture. Compared with controls, prostaglandin E2 stimulated the release of 45Ca by 28% (5 experiments) and mithramycin inhibited release by 15% (3 experiments). Preexposure to this cytotoxic antibiotic before culture with PGE2 reduced the augmented release. Sera from 4 patients with multiple myeloma were incubated with 45Ca-labelled bones, some pretreated with mithramycin. An additional 29% release of 45Ca (4 experiments) was prevented by mithramycin. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that augmented release of 45Ca due to stimulatory factors such as prostagladins or factors in sera from patients with multiple myeloma can be partially inhibited by pretreatment with mithramycin. Possibly, intermittent blockade of host osteoclasts can impair formation of metastases to bone by cancers dependent upon their activation for this event, or reduce the extent of local invasion by established metastases. Modifying the behavior of a cancer by altering the host-response to factors which it releases represents a potential alternative to cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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PMID:Mithramycin impairs the release of 45Ca from bone induced by prostaglandin E2 or multiple myeloma sera. Implications for a novel means of local tumor control. 646 Sep 55