Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to determine the pretreatment serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-ag) level as a generally applicable measurement in predicting and estimating the treatment outcome of patients with locally advanced SCC of the cervix. Three hundred fifty-two patients with stage IIB-IVA SCC of the cervix were managed with both external irradiation and high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy. A significantly higher median SCC-ag was seen in association with increasing stage, tumor size, and lymph node involvement. The difference in disease-free survival (DFS) between stages IIB and III patients was not statistically significant with SCC-ag level <2 ng/mL. In multivariate analysis, median SCC-ag level (> or =6.0 ng/mL) and lymph node metastases had significant independent effects on absolute survival and DFS. A direct linear relationship (y=-2.932x+ 84.896) existed between the median SCC-ag of groups distributed by pretreatment prognostic factors and the 5-year DFS rate. The 5-year DFS rate as a function of SCC-ag level defined by cervix size, lymph node status, and hydronephrosis was obtained from a formula combining risk scores and the baseline survival function. From the obtained formulas, we can objectively estimate the treatment outcome in patients with locally advanced squamous cell cervical cancer.
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PMID:The role of pretreatment squamous cell carcinoma antigen level in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by radiotherapy. 1680 91

The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of the measurements of the circulating tumor markers, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), CA125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21.1), and the cytokines, interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), to estimate regional lymph node involvement in patients with cervical cancer. The study comprised 182 untreated patients with cervical cancer. The regional lymph node status was assessed either by the postsurgical histopathologic examination or by the computed tomography (CT). Concentrations of SCCA, CEA, and CA125 were determined using the Abbott Instruments system, of CYFRA 21.1 by the Roche kits, and of IL-6 and VEGF by the ELISA of R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). For the statistical analyses, Mann-Whitney U test and chi(2) test were applied. Serum levels of SCCA, CEA, CA125, CYFRA 21.1, IL-6, and VEGF were measured in patients with specified pelvic and para-aortic lymph node status. SCCA, CA125, and IL-6 levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastases than in those with no lymph node involvement. Also, the percentage of patients with simultaneously elevated concentrations of SCCA and CA125 or SCCA and IL-6 differed depending on the lymph node status and was significantly higher in the series of patients with lymph node metastases. Simultaneous assessment of serum levels of SCCA and CA125 or SCCA and IL-6 in patients with cervical cancer may be useful for the regional lymph node evaluation, especially in patients with advanced stages, when the lymph nodes are examined only by CT, with no histologic confirmation.
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PMID:The value of tumor marker and cytokine analysis for the assessment of regional lymph node status in cervical cancer patients. 1821 70

Cervical cancer is the second most common type of malignant tumor among women worldwide. When the disease is confined locally, it can be controlled with surgical resection and radiotherapy. However, patients with recurrent or metastatic disease often have a poor prognosis. Measurement of serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigens has been widely used as serological markers for SCC of uterine cervix. Recently, it has been demonstrated that cervical cancer patients with elevated squamous cell carcinoma antigen-2 (SCCA2) expression in tumor cells carry a poor prognosis. Here, by using a luciferase reporter assay, we show that SCCA2 promoter was active in SCCA2-producing human cervical cancer cell lines, including Cx, Cxwj, SiHa and HeLa cells, but relatively quiescent in normal cervical epithelial cells. We then developed a conditionally replicating adenovirus, designated Ad-KFH, under the transcriptional control of the SCCA2 promoter. This E1B-55 kDa-deleted oncolytic adenovirus replicated specifically in and lysed SCCA2-producing cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, in a peritoneal metastatic tumor model, Ad-KFH retarded Cxwj tumor growth in NOD/severe combined immunodeficient mice and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice, especially when combined with cisplatin. These results suggest that Ad-KFH may provide a new strategy of gene therapy for advanced or recurrent uterine cervical cancer.
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PMID:Conditionally replicating E1B-deleted adenovirus driven by the squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 promoter for uterine cervical cancer therapy. 1849 52

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important regulators of anti-cancer immune responses, and an increase in Treg frequency was observed in the blood of cancer patients. Blood samples from 112 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma antigen (HNSCC) were obtained at the time of tumour diagnosis, and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3(+); CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+); CD4(+); CD8(+); CD19(+); CD4(+)CD45RA(+)) with emphasis on Treg counts (CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)), complete blood count and tumour markers (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]; CEA; alpha-1-antitrypsin [AAT]; Cyfra 21-1; C-reactive protein [CRP]) were analysed. The data were grouped according to TNM classification, and their significance for the course of the disease at an interval of 1 year after the end of the therapy was determined. The percentage of CD8(+) cells increased and the CD/D8 ratio decreased with tumour grade. The ratio of B lymphocytes decreased in patients with locoregional metastases (11.25%versus 9.22%). Treg (15.2%) and CD4(+) cells (45.3%) increased, while NK cells (11.8%) decreased in HNSCC patients compared to controls (9.0%, 38.1% and 15.8%, respectively). The data obtained at time of diagnosis were used to assess the significance of tumour markers (SCC, Cyfra 21-1 and AAT) for evaluation of prognosis. The erythrocyte counts (4.64 x 10(12)/l versus 4.45 x 10(12)/l) and haemoglobin levels (14.58 g/dl versus 14.05 g/dl) decreased, while Treg counts (8.91%versus 15.70%) increased in patients with early recurrence. Our results show that examination of these parameters could be helpful for prognostication in HNSCC patients and aid improvement of treatment strategy.
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PMID:Regulatory T cells and their prognostic value for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 1918 42

A 64-year old female presented with urinary retention. Physical examination revealed a firm mass on the anterior vaginal wall. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor surrounding the urethra, which invaded to the vesical triangle and the anterior vaginal wall. Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were elevated, but squamous cell carcinoma antigen and prostate specific antigen were within normal limits. Pathological examinations of the transurethral and transvaginal needle biopsy specimen suggested mucinous adenocarcinoma. First, the patient received local chemoradiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy using a fluoropyrimidine drug TS-1 and cisplatin. The tumor markers declined to within normal limits after this preoperative therapy. Then she underwent total cysto-urethrectomy with anterior vaginal wall resection, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and urinary diversion with ureterocutaneous fistula. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen showed mutinous adenocarcinoma invading to the vesical triangle and the anterior vaginal wall. No metastasis was found in the lymph nodes. The final diagnosis was urethral adenocarcinoma, pT4N0, Stage IV. Five months after surgery, local recurrence and distant metastases appeared, and she died 14 months after surgery.
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PMID:[Primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra treated by multimodal therapy]. 1922 13

We present the case of a 62-year-old Japanese man whose histological diagnosis was adenoendocrine cell carcinoma of the gallbladder at autopsy, but whose antemortem diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was admitted to hospital with complaints of occasional vomiting and abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large tumor on the gallbladder involving the adjacent liver, colon, and duodenum, with multiple metastases in the greater omentum and paraportal lymph nodes. The serum level of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) was high, whereas that of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, as well as that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was within the normal range. Due to these clinical features, we first suspected advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. After two cycles of gemcitabine monotherapy, the tumor had become enlarged and the regimen was changed to a combination of docetaxel and cisplatin. Though tumor regression was achieved and his serum SCCA level normalized after 3 months, the patient rejected additional chemotherapy and died 8 months after the diagnosis. The histopathological findings made by autopsy demonstrated the tumor to be an adenoendocrine cell carcinoma without squamous carcinoma cells. The case is interesting in that the clinical features were similar to those of squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder.
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PMID:Adenoendocrine cell carcinoma of the gallbladder clinically mimicking squamous cell carcinoma. 1939 Sep 50

The present study reports a rare case of bladder cancer that caused Trousseau's syndrome, a malignancy-associated hypercoagulative state leading to venous or arterial thrombosis. A 38-year-old Japanese female patient experienced a sudden onset of visual field defects and lower limb weakness. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging revealed multi-regional hypointense areas compatible with acute cerebral infarction. Despite the repeated administration of anticoagulant treatment with heparin, the condition could not be adequately controlled and thromboembolic events occasionally recurred. Several tumor markers, including carbohydrate antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 19 fragment and squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels, were elevated. Consequently, computed tomography scans were performed, which revealed a massive bladder tumor with multiple bone and lymph node metastases. The patient also exhibited other paraneoplastic disorders, including leukocytosis due to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production, and hypercalcemia due to parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) production. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed, and the tumor was pathologically confirmed as urothelial cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical testing revealed positive staining for G-CSF and PTHrP. Despite undergoing gemcitabine/cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy, the disease developed rapidly and the patient succumbed to the disease within 3 months of initial symptoms. The present case indicates that occult visceral malignancy should be considered in patients with unexplained thromboembolism.
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PMID:Trousseau's syndrome caused by bladder cancer producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone-related protein: A case report. 2789 94

This study assessed the clinical value of CYFRA 21-1 in comparison with squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In 112 primary cancer patients, the diagnostic sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 (33.9%) was superior to SCC-Ag (28.6%), CEA (12.5%), and CA19-9 (6.3%). Levels of CYFRA 21-1 were closely correlated with TNM stage and were below the cutoff value in all 21 patients with stage I disease. All 38 patients with a CYFRA 21-1 level over the cutoff value among the 80 patients who underwent esophagectomy had lymph node metastases (pNl). A correlation was found between CYFRA 21-1 levels and clinical response in serial measurements of 21 patients who received chemotherapy or chemo radiotherapy. Our findings suggest that CYFRA 21-1 is not useful for diagnosis, but that it is valuable for monitoring the efficacy of therapy.
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PMID:CYFRA 21-1 as a tumor marker for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. 2904 Apr 80


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