Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An immunohistochemical study of 40 primary and secondary malignant melanomas in 27 patients, with routinely-used monoclonal antibodies, demonstrated the antigenic pattern exhibited by these tumors, as well as the frequency of aberrant positivities for epithelial cell markers. The following results were found: 95% of melanomas stained positively for S100 protein and vimentin, which is the characteristic immunohistochemical pattern in melanomas. In most cases, the primary tumor and its metastases in a given patient had the same antigenic phenotype. As for epithelial markers, 10% of melanomas stained positively for KL1 and 27.5% for EMA. Despite this relatively high frequency of KL1 and EMA positivities, in practice, simultaneous positivity for S100 protein and vimentin, confronted with the patient's history and with histologic features, firmly establishes the diagnosis of malignant melanoma in virtually all cases.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical characteristics of malignant melanoma. A study of 40 cases and review of the literature]. 218 22

We report an unusual case of primary cutaneous embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a solitary skin lesion on the anterior chest of a 20-month-old child. The tumor was characterized by small, round to oval, poorly differentiated cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was negative for NSE, S-100 protein, LCA, and keratin but positive for muscle-specific actin, myoglobin, desmin, and vimentin, thus indicating the presence of myogenous differentiation. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated thick and thin filaments. Special studies showed no evidence of a primary rhabdomyosarcoma in the patient at a more typical location, nor was there any evidence of metastases.
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PMID:Primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma. 220 84

The clinical and pathologic features of 29 examples of mammary metaplastic carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells (OGC) in the stroma are reported. A bland spindle cell or sarcomatous component dominated these neoplasms, although infiltrating duct carcinoma was present in 23 cases, and intraductal carcinoma was present in six cases. In all 29 neoplasms, the carcinoma was admixed or contiguous with the stroma. Osteoclastic giant cells were admixed within the cellular stroma, and were intimately associated with prominent thin-walled vessels. Hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition were common. Osteoclastic giant cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and, to a lesser extent, actin, and uniformly not immunoreactive for keratins, confirming their mesenchymal nature. The stromal component of 63% of neoplasms tested was immunoreactive for keratin, 33% was immunoreactive for epithelial membrane antigen, 54% reacted for S-100 protein, 84% reacted for actin, and 100% was immunoreactive for vimentin. Nineteen neoplasms had osteoid, bone, or cartilage, but these were a prominent component in only five neoplasms and OGC were not limited to these areas. The disease-specific cumulative 5-year survival rate for patients with metaplastic carcinoma with OGC was 68%, similar to rates for patients with matrix-producing carcinoma (68%), spindle cell carcinoma (64%), and squamous carcinoma of ductal origin (63%), but notably different from that of patients with carcinosarcoma (49%). Of 17 women with axillary node dissection, only two had metastases. Eleven women developed distant metastases, most commonly to the lungs. Metastasis present at or following initial surgery was an ominous sign, as all 11 women with metastases died from tumor. Size and microscopic circumscription were significant factors in predicting disease progression.
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PMID:Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast: V. Metaplastic carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells. 222 22

A permanent malignant meningioma (MM) cell line of the human brain designated "IOMM-Lee" is reported. This cell line was successfully established from the tumor of a 61-year-old Chinese man with repeated recurrent primary intraosseous malignant meningioma of the skull. It has been subcultured for more than 60 passages during the past 30 months. The doubling time of cultured cells is approximately 62 hours. Tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice (Balb/c-nu/nu) who develop multiple pulmonary metastases was observed; the doubling time of tumor volume in vivo is approximately 5 days. Karyotypic analysis revealed this cell line to be of human origin and near-diploid, with a modal chromosome number of 49. The mesenchymal tumor marker vimentin and intracytoplasmic microfilaments were identified in the cytoplasm of tumor cells by indirect immunohistochemical peroxidase-anti-peroxidase assays and immunogold ultrastructural localization by transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy of cultured cells and xenografted tumors revealed ellipsoidal or carrot-shaped tumor cells presenting a wrinkled surface with short sparse microvilli. Potential proliferating activity was determined by Ki-67 monoclonal antibody; the Ki-67 labeling index of cultured cells and xenografted tumors was approximately 36% and 30%, respectively. This newly established malignant meningioma cell line of the human brain may prove useful as a research model.
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PMID:Characterization of a newly established malignant meningioma cell line of the human brain: IOMM-Lee. 223 31

We describe a case of cardiac myxoma in a 44-year-old Japanese man, who died after developing metastases in the skin, brain and muscle. A satellite tumor which was attached to the wall of the abdominal aorta induced marked hypertension due to obstruction of the renal arteries. Although the primary heart tumor had typical histological features of benign cardiac myxoma, the recurrent heart tumor, which was partly resected three months before the patient's death, showed apparently malignant characteristics resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Since the histological features of the initial and recurrent tumors were different, the grade of malignancy was investigated using the cellularity of the tumor as an arbitrary criterion. A gradual but significant increase in the cellularity was observed over the course of five years. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in the muscle metastasis contained vimentin and factor VIII-related antigen, and multinucleated giant cells in the recurrent heart tumor contained desmin, which is rarely detectable in MFH. Therefore, we considered that the present case represented malignant transformation of benign cardiac myxoma.
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PMID:Sequential malignant transformation of cardiac myxoma. 226 Apr 76

Collecting duct carcinoma is an unusual variant of renal cell carcinoma, whose appearance and behavior are not well established. We identified six cases of collecting duct carcinoma in our files. The clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of these tumors are reported. The most common symptom was gross hematuria (four cases). Two patients had cervical adenopathy due to metastatic tumor. Four rapidly developed systemic metastases and died within 4 to 24 months. The primary renal tumors were located predominantly in the renal medulla and pelvis and had a partially cystic white-gray appearance. Histologic examination showed prominent tubulopapillary structures, nests of clear cells, and infiltrating tubules in a dense desmoplastic stroma. Atypical hyperplastic changes were found in some of the adjacent collecting ducts. Mucicarminophilic material was present in glandular elements in all six cases. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positivity with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen, keratins, peanut agglutinin, vimentin, Leu M1 and lysozyme. The location of this tumor in the medulla, its distinctive histologic appearance, mucin positivity, expression of high molecular weight cytokeratins, and peanut agglutinin suggest that this is a distinct clinicopathologic entity which has an aggressive clinical course.
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PMID:Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. 231 86

Twelve cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) were reviewed. Seven of them arose primarily in the lower extremities, three in the head and neck region, and two in other parts. ASPSs in the head and neck region occurred in children before 10 years of age, whereas ASPSs in the other regions occurred in rather older patients. Moreover, ASPSs of the head and neck were relatively small in size, and were diagnosed earlier than those in other regions. Histologically, six cases (including all the head and neck cases) contained considerable area of small and indistinct alveolar structures. Four cases showed remarkable cellular pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical demonstration of vimentin, desmin, the beta-subunit of enolase and the MM isozyme of creatine kinase, together with the absence of immunoreactive cytokeratin, supported the myogenic nature of this rare tumor. A small number of S-100 protein-positive tumor cells were also observed. Follow-up data for these cases disclosed that the tumors containing considerable area of small alveoli and uniform small tumor cells formed distant metastases at an early stage.
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PMID:Alveolar soft part sarcoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases. 236 Apr 59

This report describes the light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) features and the results of an indirect immunofluorescence study (IF), the latter using monoclonal and monospecific antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins, of a malignant, invasive and metastatic breast myoepithelioma. A 53-year-old female underwent mastectomy for a large necrotic mammary tumor that had invaded the overlying skin. By LM, the neoplasm was composed of interlacing bundles of large, elongated and interspersed stellate cells with acidophilic cytoplasm. The neoplastic cells displayed a moderate degree of anaplasia, high mitotic activity, and strong tendency for necrosis. Stromal desmoplasia was marked, especially toward the center of the neoplasm. By IF, the tumor cells revealed bright cytoplasmic fluorescence with antibodies to actin, prekeratin, and cytokeratin. A few scattered spindle cells, which stained with the anti-vimentin and anti-actin anti-bodies, most likely represented stromal myofibroblasts. The anti-desmin reaction was negative. By EM, the neoplasm was composed of variably differentiated, elongated and stellate myoepithelial cells connected by desmosomes, enveloped by remnants of basal lamina, and containing pinocytotic vesicles, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, large Golgi areas, aggregates of intermediate filaments that were often arranged in dense curvilinear bundles (tonofilaments), and bundles of microfilaments with fusiform, dense bodies. The combined LM, EM, and IF study of this mammary tumor establishes its myoepithelial origin and, thus, identifies it as myoepithelial carcinoma distinct from other spindle cell breast tumors. This neoplasms was locally invasive and cytologically malignant; moreover, its malignancy was further confirmed by the development of lung and pleural metastases.
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PMID:Malignant myoepithelioma (myoepithelial carcinoma) of the breast: an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study. 241

The diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is often difficult, because this tumor may present with direct extension into adjacent renal parenchyma or with metastatic disease. Renal cell carcinoma and other histologically similar tumors are potentially confused with ACC by conventional light microscopy, and their separation from the latter is often impossible without the aid of additional studies. Furthermore, the distinction between adrenal cortical adenoma and ACC may also be problematic. Because of these factors, the authors studied 10 cases each of ACC, adrenocortical adenoma, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) immunohistochemically, in an attempt to develop objective parameters which may aid in this differential diagnostic dilemma. Nontrypsinized, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were used in all cases, and tissue from the adrenocortical tumors was also studied for intermediate filament content after protease digestion. All 20 nontrypsinized adrenocortical neoplasms were positive for vimentin, but not for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, or blood group isoantigens. Conversely, each of 10 cases of RCC expressed epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and blood group isoantigens, but none was immunoreactive for vimentin. Two adrenocortical carcinomas and three adenomas manifested cytokeratin positivity after trypsin digestion. There were no significant differences between the immunostaining profiles of ACC and adrenocortical adenoma, which suggest that this distinction must still rely upon clinical and morphologic criteria.
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PMID:Adrenocortical carcinoma. An immunohistochemical comparison with renal cell carcinoma. 241 89

Antibodies to intermediate filament proteins react in a tissue-specific manner and can be used to characterize tumor cells present in thin-needle aspirates from solid tumors, from palpable lymph nodes and cells present in samples from peritoneal and pleural effusions. From our studies so far the following conclusions can be drawn: Polyclonal antisera to cytokeratins can identify carcinoma metastases in thin-needle aspirates from palpable lymph nodes and distinguish them from malignant lymphomas and nonmalignant lesions such as chronic lymphadenitis, which show only vimentin-positive cells. Monoclonal antibodies to specific cytokeratin polypeptides are able to distinguish between different types of epithelial tumor metastases, i.e. metastases from adenocarcinomas and metastases from squamous cell carcinomas. Cells present in peritoneal and pleural effusions can be partly characterized using intermediate filament antisera. We have found that metastatic adenocarcinoma cells from breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, colon and stomach, as well as squamous cell carcinomas and malignant mesothelioma stain specifically with antibodies to cytokeratin while mesenchymally derived tumors such as malignant lymphomas, malignant melanomas, and fibrosarcomas, are positive for vimentin only. Metastatic tumor cells of epithelial origin present in aspirates from human serous body cavity fluids may coexpress vimentin next to their original cytokeratin intermediate filaments. Benign mesothelial cells present in body cavity fluids frequently coexpress cytokeratins and vimentin. Tumor cells present in thin-needle aspirates from solid tumors such as pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland can be identified as such because of their typical patterns of intermediate filament (co-)expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cytoskeletal proteins as tissue-specific markers in cytopathology. 242 90


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