Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We performed immunohistochemical stainings for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) on 63 resected esophageal carcinomas without preoperative treatment and 12 cases with preoperative radiation to clarify a relationship between positivity and depth of invasion. EGF and EGF-R showed a similar positivity (75% of early cases and 88.9% of advanced ones invaded beyond submucosa). In advanced carcinomas, the positivity in each layer was 75% in the mucosa, 86.7% in the submucosa and muscle layer, and 93.3% in the adventitia. All lesions of nodal metastases were positive for these stainings. Sixty % of cases with preoperative radiation were positive. The degenerated cells showed weak positivity. However, the viable cells showed similar positivity to those of non-treated cases.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of EGF and EGF-R on the esophageal carcinomas--from a standpoint of depth of invasion]. 150

Several malignant neoplasms express high levels of epidermal growth factor receptors. The aim of this study was to assess whether 123I-labeled epidermal growth factor can concentrate in lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix. 14 patients with advanced cervical cancer were selected because of their high probability of lymph node metastases. Planar scintigrams were recorded from the lower and upper abdomen following subcutaneous injection of 123I-labeled epidermal growth factor into the web space of each foot. Scintigraphic images were interpreted without knowledge of computerized tomography scan (n = 13) and ultrasound (n = 9) results from the pelvic lymph nodes. In 2 patients, histological verification was performed by diagnostic biopsy of pelvic lymph nodes. Nodal involvement was confirmed by computerized tomography for 4 of the 11 positive scans and by ultrasound for 2. In 11 out of 14 patients an increased uptake of 123I-labeled epidermal growth factor could also be seen in the primary tumour. Our findings suggest that targeting of cervical cancer lymph node metastases can be achieved by in vivo binding of 123I-labeled epidermal growth factor with receptors on tumour cell surfaces.
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PMID:[Lymphoscintigraphy with (123)I-marked epidermal growth factor in cervix cancer]. 151 77

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the cytokeratin (CK) polypeptide no. 18 specifically expressed in cells derived from simple epithelia was used to detect epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates. Of 156 patients with colorectal carcinoma, 42 presented with cells at the time of primary surgery. The incidence of positive findings varied considerably with the size and the localization of the primary tumor, the involvement of regional lymph nodes, and the presence of clinically manifest metastases. Applying a sensitive double-staining procedure, we could demonstrate that epithelial cells in bone marrow showed a heterogeneic expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF-R) and transferrin (Tf-R) as well as of the proliferation-associated Ki67 antigen. Also human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigens differed widely in their expression on the CK-positive cells. Clinical follow-up studies on 85 patients showed a significantly higher relapse rate in patients presenting with CK-positive cells in their bone marrow at the time of primary surgery. Twenty-three patients were monitored for the presence or absence of CK-positive cells in bone marrow over time. The majority of monitored patients (18 of 23) exhibited a constant pattern of immunocytochemical findings during the time of observation. Thus, the technique may be useful in identifying high-risk patients as well as in monitoring adjuvant therapeutic trials.
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PMID:Epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow of patients with colorectal cancer: immunocytochemical detection, phenotypic characterization, and prognostic significance. 169 90

Fourteen patients suffering from advanced inoperable cervical cancer were investigated by planar scintigraphy after subcutaneous administration of a radiolabelled (I-123) epidermal growth factor (EGF). The objective of the study was to test whether labelled EGF concentrates in lymph node metastases of squamous cell cancer of the cervix uteri. Scintigraphic results were correlated with the gynecological findings, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US) and in two patients with histology. A series of scintigrams were performed up to 24 hours post injection. Slight activity in liver and kidneys was found already 30 min after s.c. injection of EGF. Optimal imaging quality for the lymphatics was obtained at 6-8 hours post injection. Accumulation in the pelvic lymph nodes was documented by the region of interest technique (ROI). Lymph nodes of the inguinal and iliac communis region were marked in all cases. Due to this, accumulation of EGF could not be called selective. In 11/14 patients hot spots were correlated to other pelvic lymph nodes. In 4/11 patients with positive EGF-scanning metastatic disease was confirmed by CT scan and/or US examination. 2/11 patients underwent a Probatoria operation. The respective histological reports confirmed our scintigraphic results. In conclusion, labelled EGF did not fulfil our theoretical expectations of excellent accumulation in lymph node metastases and cannot at present be recommended for routine clinical use.
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PMID:Lymphoscintigraphy using epidermal growth factor as tumour-seeking agent in uterine cervical cancer. 177 99

A relationship between blood plasma levels of polypeptide growth factors and those of peptide and sex steroid hormones, as assayed radioimmunologically, was studied in 91 patients with bone tumors of various histology and 45 healthy donors. The levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and somatotropic hormone were significantly higher in cases of chondrosarcoma and patients suffering osteogenic sarcoma in the late puberal period as compared to controls and cases of fibrous histiocytoma, giant-cell tumor, benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the bone. The peak levels of IGF-1, somatotropic hormone and insulin were registered in osteogenic sarcoma patients who developed pulmonary metastases either in the course or after the completion of combined treatment. Somatostatin level was significantly lower in patients with osteogenic sarcoma aged 11-20 years as compared to healthy adolescents, the lowest level being observed in adolescents suffering osteogenic sarcoma with metastases to the lungs. No relationship was established between total testosterone level, on the one hand, and those of IGF-1 and epidermal growth factor, on the other. A reverse correlation was established between concentrations of IGF-1 and total estradiol. The role of polypeptide growth factor antagonists in combined treatment of bone sarcomas is discussed.
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PMID:[Polypeptide growth factors and their interrelation with hormones in the blood plasma of patients with primary bone tumors]. 184 44

The effects of both mechanical trauma and regeneration on the growth of intraportally injected tumor in the rat liver were investigated using two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH). Tumor grew at the excision scar when PH was performed less than 2 days before tumor injection (34/34 animals). However, when the PH was performed 4-7 days before injection, tumor developed within the regenerating lobe, but not at the scar (50/51). Injecting the same cell dose into rats with intact livers caused few tumors to develop in 12/30 animals. Intraportally injected 51Cr-labelled tumor cells distributed uniformly in the liver irrespective of the time after PH. Patterns of tumor take seen at different times after PH were not due to selective trapping of the injected cells. Liver extracts showed that epidermal growth factor-like activity was unaltered by PH, while heparin-binding growth factor activity peaked at 2 days post-PH, before the incidence of tumor growth in the parenchyma increased. We observed two peaks of DNA synthesis at days 1 and 4 post-PH by pulse labeling with [125I]deoxyuridine and bromodeoxyuridine. Bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry showed the first peak to be confined to hepatocytes. The second peak involved non-hepatocytes and coincided with the beginning of enhanced tumor take in the regenerating lobe.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Facilitation by partial hepatectomy of tumor growth within the rat liver following intraportal injection of syngeneic tumor cells. 186 26

The DNA ploidy pattern and amplification of ERBB and ERBB2 genes were examined in paraffin-embedded tissue from gastric carcinomas using flow cytometry and a slot-blot hybridization technique. The incidence of aneuploidy in well differentiated adenocarcinomas (56%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (21%). The DNA ploidy pattern was not remarkably different between the primary tumors and metastatic deposits in lymph nodes. Of the nine specimens having an aneuploid stem cell line in the primary tumor and/or in metastases, three showed ERBB2 gene amplification and one showed ERBB gene amplification. The incidence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) immunoreactivity in tumor cells showed no difference between diploid and aneuploid tumors. These findings indicate that aneuploidy is frequently associated with amplification of ERBB and ERBB2 genes.
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PMID:DNA ploidy pattern and amplification of ERBB and ERBB2 genes in human gastric carcinomas. 197 Jun 90

Murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) 225 (IgG1) against the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor competitively blocks EGF binding and inhibits EGF-induced activation of receptor tyrosine kinase and cell proliferation. The effect of MAb 225 was studied in a phase I trial in patients with inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, which invariably expresses high levels of EGF receptors. Groups of three patients received total doses of MAb 225 ranging from 1 mg to 300 mg. Except at the lowest dose, each infusion included 4 mg of indium 111 (111In)-labeled MAb 225. No toxicity was observed. Tumors were imaged in all patients who received doses of 20 mg or greater. Presumed metastases greater than or equal to 1 cm in diameter were imaged with doses of 40 mg or greater. Single-photon-emission-computed tomography could be carried out at the 120-mg and 300-mg doses and significantly improved tumor visualization. All patients produced anti-murine antibodies. We conclude that treatment with an MAb that inhibits EGF receptor function is safe at the doses and schedule studied. 111In-labeled MAb images squamous cell lung carcinoma; tumor uptake of the labeled MAb is dose dependent. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential therapeutic efficacy of anti-EGF receptor MAbs and other agents that act in a comparable manner.
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PMID:Phase I and imaging trial of indium 111-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody 225 in patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma. 198 90

Prognostic variables in breast cancer are urgently needed to individualize adjuvant cytotoxic therapy, especially in those patients where metastases in the lymph nodes have not been detected (node-negative disease). So far histomorphological criteria, the determination of receptors for steroid hormones or EGF (epidermal growth factor), the protease cathepsin D or DNA-ploidy are used to distinguish between low- and high-risk patients. High-risk patients have a higher incidence of recurrences and/or shorter overall survival after surgery of the primary tumour than low-risk patients. High-risk patients (node-positive; hormone-receptor-negative) would receive adjuvant hormone therapy or chemotherapy. In the node-negative patient, adjuvant therapy is only recommended if a high content of cathepsin D and aneuploidy of the tumour (or high S-phase in diploid tumours) has been diagnosed. Determination of cathepsin D in tumour extracts as a variable in breast cancer patients is based on the fact that invasion and metastasis is correlated with elevated levels of tumour-associated proteases such as cathepsins B and D, collagenase IV and plasminogen activators. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) which is secreted by tumour cells as an enzymatically inactive proenzyme (pro-uPA) seems to play a key role in mediating tumour cell invasion in cancer tissues. Receptor-bound uPA converts enzymatically inactive plasminogen into the serine protease plasmin which then degrades the extracellular matrix surrounding the tumour cells (tumour stroma). We localized pro-uPA/uPA immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed breast cancer tissue sections. Pro-uPA/uPA was detected in the cytoplasm and on the plasma membrane of the tumour cells reflecting receptor-bound pro-uPA/uPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Tumour-associated fibrinolysis: the prognostic relevance of plasminogen activators uPA and tPA in human breast cancer. 213 50

We describe here the chromosomal distribution of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in four human tumor cell lines (two melanomas and two astrocytomas), and have mapped the sister chromatid recombination (SCR) sites. A higher incidence of SCR sites than expected on the basis of chromosome length occurred in chromosomes 2, 4, 5 and 15 in both the RPMI 5966 and MEL57 melanoma cell lines, and in chromosomes 1, 5, 13 and 15 of the IJKt and GUVW astrocytoma cell lines. A majority of the recombination sites occurred close to chromosomal fragile sites. A third of these occurred at the same bands as fragile sites. The recombination sites involved the N-ras and the epidermal growth factor gene in the melanomas. In the astrocytomas, the N-ras, Rb and c-mos genes appeared to be involved in the recombination events. The beta 2-microglobulin gene was involved in both astrocytomas and one melanoma. The erbB2 was involved in SCR only in the RPMI melanoma.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Genetic recombination in human melanoma and astrocytoma cell lines involves oncogenes and growth factor genes. 229 15


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