Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Strontium nitrate Sr 87m bone scans were made preoperatively in a group of women with suspected breast cancer, 35 of whom subsequently underwent radical mastectomy. In 3 of the 35 (9%), the scans were abnormal despite the absence of clinical or roentgenographic evidence of metastatic disease. All three patients has extensive axillary lymph node involvement by tumor, and went on to have additional bone metastases, from which one died. Roentgenograms failed to detect the metastases in all three. Occult bone metastases account in part for the failure of radical mastectomy to cure some patients with breast cancer. It is recommended that all candidates for radical mastectomy have a preoperative bone scan.
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PMID:Preoperative bone scans. Use in women with early breast cancer. 117 64

The intimate admixing of bone matrix and bone marrow is a central point in devising therapy of metastatic lesions. Since specific modalities are not yet available for destroying the malignant cells, treatment is usually palliative. The use of stable gallium (Ga-nitrate) and of a diphosphonate (aminohydroxypropylidine diphosphonate disodium) as osteoclast inhibitors is discussed. The marrow, as well as the matrix, can be affected by external radiation. This is also true with bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. There is no ideal radiopharmaceutical available for treating metastases in bone, but the characteristics of several presently available (or proposed) are discussed, and possible use of tumor radiation sensitizers or bone marrow protectors is mentioned. Difficulties are also encountered in calculating accurate dosimetry. Clinical experience is needed to determine a reasonable optimal dose with any particular radiopharmaceutical for relief of pain with low bone marrow toxicity.
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PMID:Radiopharmaceuticals for palliation of metastatic osseous lesions: biologic and physical background. 137 99

The incidence of parathyroid carcinoma in patients surgically treated for primary hyperparathyroidism at the University of Michigan Hospital was 0.4% during an 18-year period. The courses of the five patients with metastatic disease are described. Histologic reevaluation and assessment of the DNA ploidy pattern were performed in each case. Localization studies preceded all reexplorations. The number of operative procedures in each patient ranged from two to 10. Two patients are living with recurrent disease and one has been disease free for 42 months. Two patients died after 2 and 12 years, respectively. Three patients had aneuploid tumors; one had a diploid tumor. One patient had both aneuploid and diploid cell populations. Dilemmas in diagnosis, localization, and medical and surgical management were encountered in patients with metastatic carcinoma. The chosen treatment should be evaluated individually in each case because of the variability in aggressiveness of this malignancy. Surgical resection proved most effective in some of these patients for both local and distant recurrences. Bisphosphonates and gallium nitrate have been reported to be effective in controlling hypercalcemia. Only the former had some effect in one of our patients.
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PMID:Metastatic parathyroid carcinoma: dilemmas in management. 174 86

Using a one-step silver nitrate staining technique, routinely processed tumour tissues of 49 carcinomas of the colon were investigated to demonstrate silver-stained nucleoli (Ag-nus) and argyrophilic proteins associated with the so-called nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs). Patients with attempted curative resections and tumour stages Dukes' A, B, C1 and C2, with an uneventful follow-up period of at least 48 months (N = 17), showed a statistically significant (P = 0.0001) lower mean number of scattered Ag-NORs (3.04; SD: 1.08) compared to patients who developed metastases during their follow-up period (N = 15; 5.40; SD: 1.28), as well as to patients who underwent palliative surgical treatment (N = 17; 4.48; SD: 1.67). Mean numbers of scattered Ag-NORs per nucleus and staging of the tumour were strongly related (P = 0.0001) to cancer-specific survival. The results indicate that the evaluation of silver-stained particles according to their different distribution patterns is of great value with regard to the clinical outcome of colonic carcinoma and may even allow a more accurate prognostic assessment of these patients than the WHO grading system, UICC staging system, the so-called Jass-scoring system, and Dukes' classification.
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PMID:Silver stained nucleolar organizer region proteins (Ag-NORs) as a predictor of prognosis in colonic cancer. 223 Nov 91

PNKT-4B is an aneuploid cell line derived from a herpesvirus-induced renal adenocarcinoma of Rana pipiens that displays restricted invasion at 21 degrees C or cooler and invasion at 23 degrees C through 28 degrees C. Metaphase chromosomes obtained from subcultures (passages 297; 345-347) grown at 18 degrees C or 28 degrees C were Giemsa stained or N-banded with acidic silver nitrate. Cells grown at 18 degrees C displayed a modal chromosome number of 41, while 28 degrees C cultures displayed a modal number of 40. The distribution of the chromosomes suggests that the two temperatures may be allowing growth of different subclonal populations. N-banding of chromosomes at both temperatures revealed an increase of active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) over normal frog tissues, 2/2N. Analysis of 200 N-banded spreads from cells grown at each temperature revealed modal numbers of 9 NORs/cell and modal numbers of 6 NOR-containing chromosomes/cell. Nine specific NOR-containing chromosomes were identified and scored. Similar distributions were observed at 18 degrees C and 28 degrees C. The data imply that the modal number of PNKT-4B has shifted since it was first described, 39, and differs at invasion-permissive and -restrictive temperatures. Increased numbers of active NORs and alterations of NOR-containing chromosomes imply an amplification of rDNA over the amount in normal frog.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Culture of PNKT-4B cells at invasion permissive and restrictive temperatures. I. Chromosomal analysis. 232 47

The invasion by malignant cells through extracellular matrix is an important part of the metastatic process, providing access to points of dissemination. Cell migration in tissues, however, depends not only on the destruction of extracellular matrices, but also on the locomotory behavior of the cells themselves. A quantitative study of aspects of cell behavior related to invasiveness was made using cellulose nitrate filters, both unimpregnated and filled with collagen, as models for some aspects of basement membrane. The relative penetration of mouse malignant cells into filters correlated with their spontaneous metastatic potential. Penetration of collagen-impregnated filters was greater than in unfilled filters. Pretreatment with collagenase enhanced the penetration of some cells into both collagen-impregnated and unfilled filters, and enhanced their motility on a plastic substrate; other cells showed enhanced penetration when incubated on collagenase-pretreated filters and no change in motility on the plastic substrate when incubated in collagenase-containing medium. These results emphasize the variability in response of different malignant cell types to factors present in the tumor environment and suggest that the effect of collagenase during invasion may be to enhance cell motility as well as to degrade the extracellular matrix.
Invasion Metastasis 1987
PMID:Collagenase effects on cancer cell invasiveness and motility. 282 98

Cell motility is an important factor in the metastatic process that can be affected by environmental conditions. A quantitative study was made of the relationship between cell motility and the colonization potential of a mouse colon adenocarcinoma cell line (MCA-38). MCA-38 cells grown in culture did not produce hepatic or pulmonary colonies following ileocolic or tail vein injection, respectively. In contrast, MCA-38 cells adapted to grow in the mouse produced colonies in both organs. The motility of the MCA-38 cells that did not produce colonies, as determined by the depth of penetration into cellulose nitrate filters (8 micron pore size), was significantly less than that of MCA-38 cells with colony-forming potential. Return to in vitro growth resulted in both a loss of colonization potential and a reduction in motility. In this system, secondary organ colonization and in vitro cell motility are positively correlated, suggesting an association between cell motility and metastatic potential.
Invasion Metastasis 1988
PMID:Relationship of in vitro cell motility and colonization potential in a mouse colon adenocarcinoma (MCA-38) cell line. 337 58

With the aid of ultrasonography, representative percutaneous biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 of 21 patients (95 percent) with liver metastases of carcinoids and endocrine pancreatic tumors. The specimens were examined with silver stains and immunocytochemically after the application of monoclonal serotonin antibodies. The Grimelius argyrophil silver nitrate stain was positive in all tumor metastases, demonstrating that they were of neurohormonal endocrine type. The argentaffin reaction stained 14 of 15 metastases of small intestinal carcinoids, whereas tumors with other primary sites were unreactive. Immunocytochemical analysis with monoclonal serotonin antibodies stained all metastases of small intestinal carcinoids, and the other endocrine tumor metastases were unreactive. With immunocytochemical analysis, optimal results were obtained in Bouin-fixed tumor specimens, whereas for the argentaffin reaction, formalin was preferable. The results show that silver stains and immunocytochemical analysis with monoclonal serotonin antibodies on small percutaneous biopsy specimens of liver metastases of endocrine tumors and carcinoids are valid for the prediction of the location of the primary tumors.
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PMID:Silver stains and immunocytochemical analysis with monoclonal serotonin antibodies for liver metastases of endocrine tumors. A study on percutaneous biopsy specimens. 620 40

Hypotension is a dose-limiting side effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy. This may be due to increased biosynthesis of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) induced by cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which are known to be generated during IL-2 therapy. We describe the relationship between NO biosynthesis and changes in immunological and vascular parameters during IL-2 therapy in 13 patients with metastatic cancer. Plasma concentrations of neopterin and nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) were higher in cancer patients prior to treatment compared with normal subjects (neopterin; 10.8 +/- 1.4 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.4 ng ml-1, P < 0.001: NOx; 45 +/- 6 vs. 28 +/- 2 microM, P < 0.005). Pretreatment TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma plasma concentrations were not significantly different in cancer patients from those in controls. During infusion of IL-2 (18 x 10(6) international units m-2 per day for 5 days) these parameters increased, reaching maximal concentrations at day 3 for IFN-gamma and day 5 for TNF-alpha, neopterin and NOx. The maximal induced NOx correlated with maximal TNF-alpha (r = 0.60, P < 0.04), IFN-gamma (r = 0.63, P < 0.02) and neopterin (r = 0.66, P < 0.01). As plasma NOx concentrations increased, systolic blood pressure fell, reaching a minimum at day 3 despite a continued rise in NOx concentrations. These changes were accompanied by a continuous increase in pulse rate throughout the infusion period. These findings indicate that induction of NO biosynthesis contributes to hypotension induced during IL-2 therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Association between biosynthesis of nitric oxide and changes in immunological and vascular parameters in patients treated with interleukin-2. 805 Apr 58

Combined analysis of the binding properties of inflammatory and tumor cells in pleural effusion, and tumor imprints for various carrier-immobilized types of ligands and lectins, and of a biochemical feature of the effusions is performed to extend the characterization of these cells and their activity. In detail, the binding of Viscum album agglutinin (VAA), Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA), and of carrier-immobilized N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), lysoganglioside GM1, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and hydrocortisone to native specimens consisting of 46 tumor imprints from surgically treated patients with lung cancer and 74 smears of pleural effusion (PE) cells from cancer or non-cancer patients was studied using fluorescence microscopy with Texas red-labeled streptavidin. Among the tested ligands, VAA was found to provide the most effective staining of cells (60-78.1% of positive cases). When compared with inflammatory cells from PE, cancer cells were seen to bind more frequently only two ligands, namely UDA and estradiol. Significant (P < 0.001) difference between patients with bronchial carcinoma and non-cancer patients were found, when the content of NO2-/NO3- in PE fluids was measured. Whereas the level of NO2-/NO3- in PE of non-cancer patients was 12.6 +/- 10.7 microM (n = 12), it was 37.7 +/- 19.4 microM (n = 14) in cancer patients without pleural metastases and 37.5 +/- 16.0 microM (n = 26) in patients with pleural metastases. The level of NO2-/NO3- in PE appeared to correlate with extent of staining with GM1 and GlcNAc: in non-cancer patient groups it was significantly higher (P = 0.032) for negative subjects than those binding the ligand GlcNAc, whereas in the patient group with adenocarcinoma it was significantly lower (P = 0.032) for patients without binding capacities for GlcNAc and GM1. The results obtained suggest that the combined analysis of increased levels of NO2-/NO3- in PE and of glycohistochemical properties of cancer and inflammatory cells may be useful in exploring the interrelationship of functionally important cellular characteristics.
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PMID:Binding capacities of two immunomodulatory lectins, carrier-immobilized glycoligands and steroid hormones in lung cancer and the concentration of nitrite/nitrate in pleural effusions. 869 22


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