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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An ion exchange automatic chromatographic analysis of the free amino acid concentrations of 18 human glial tumours and of 4 human fetal brains was carried out and the concentrations were compared to those of 13 biopsy specimens of normal adult brain. In addition, the concentrations of the amino acids of the glial tumours were compared to those of 7 intracerebral metastases of various origin. The chromatograms of several tumour specimens showed an unidentified peak overlapping proline. As far as the amino acid concentrations are concerned they varied depending upon the origin of the sample. The concentrations of most amino acids were higher in fetal brain than in adult brain with the exception of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, cystathionine and GABA. Two peptides: glutathione and homocarnosine were absent in fetal brain and were present in adult brain. In glial tumours, homocarnosine and some amino acids, namely aspartic acid, glutamic acid and GABA, showed lower concentrations than in normal brain. Some amino acids were in the same concentration as in normal brain: taurine, phosphoethanolamine, glutamine and cystathionine. Most of the others were in higher concentrations than in normal brain, mainly proline. The results suggest that the concentrations of 5 compounds: taurine, proline, cystathionine, GABA and homocarnosine, taken as a whole, provide information on the origin of the sample.
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PMID:Free amino acids and related substances in human glial tumours and in fetal brain: comparison with normal adult brain. 18 55

Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors have, in the past, been shown to inhibit osteolysis caused by breast carcinoma tissue in vitro. We therefore assessed the effect of Indomethacin and aspirin on some parameters of calcium metabolism in patients with breast cancer. Neither drug reduced the serum calcium in pateints with hypercalcemia, nor reduced skeletal destruction as measured by the urinary hydroxy proline: creatinine ratio and urinary calcium in normocalcemic or hypercalcemic patients with osteolytic metastases. A possible reason for the discrepancy between results obtained in vitro and in vivo is that there are two phases of bone destruction in breast cancer; the early phase dependent and the late phase independent of prostaglandin synthesis.
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PMID:Failure of indomethacin to reduce hypercalcemia in patients with breast cancer. 100 35

We have investigated the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 57 cancer patients and from 54 normal controls to exert cytotoxic activity in vitro on allogeneic target cells by using a residual tritiated proline assay. Phytohemagglutin was added to the cultures for potentiating the reaction. The cytotoxic potential of lymphocytes from cancer patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. Increased survival of target cells was found in numerous reactions with patients' lymphocytes, probably reflecting a "feeder" effect. The source of plasma used for testing, i.e., autologous or pooled normal homologous plasma, did not affect the strength of cytotoxicity reactions displayed by lymphocytes from either normal or cancer patients. A lower reactivity was generally seen in patients with metastatic disease than in patients with no evidence of distant spread.
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PMID:Impaired cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from patients with cancer. 124 43

The 1-O-octadecyl 2-O-methyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine (ET-18-O-CH3), when incubated for 24-48h with cells in culture, exerts a highly selective cytotonic activity against a variety of tumor cells that is not seen in normal ones. In this study, we present data which indicate that this exogenous molecule altered the endogenous synthesis of the neutral ether, ester-sn-glycerols, in 2 variant cell lines of a rat colon carcinoma. ET-18-O-CH3, at 20 microM in the medium and for an incubation of 48h, inhibited the growth rates of the PRO cells which have the ability to metastasize and of the REG cells (the regressive cell line), by, respectively, 54 and 67%, as measured after [3H] thymidine uptakes. The synthesis of the ether, ester-glycerolipids was followed after an incorporation of [3H] hexadecanol into the cell lipids. The radiospecific activity of the alcohol in the ether, ester-glycerolipids was higher for the PRO cells than for the REG cells. ET-18-O-CH3 activated the incorporation of [3H] hexadecanol in the neutral ether, ester-sn-glycerols: 1.55 fold in the PRO cells, but 2.15 fold in the REG cells. No change was observed in the alkyl (alkenyl) acyl-sn-glycerophospholipids. Most of the transformed cells have a low etherase activity and are known to accumulate the ether, ester-glycerolipids, (neutral and ionic structures).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine causes a differential incorporation of hexadecanol into neutral ether ester glycerolipids of 2 variant cell lines of rat colon carcinoma. 138 72

Proto-oncogenes (H-ras-1 and L-myc) and tumor-suppressor gene (p53) loci have been implicated in lung carcinogenesis. DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms at these gene loci are being evaluated in a case-control study as markers predictive of risk for cancer or of prognosis when cancer is present. The cases and controls had a cigarette-smoking history of 40 or more pack years or other abnormalities in pulmonary function tests, their ages were closely matched (64 years for cases and 61 years for controls) and the ratio of Caucasians to African Americans was close to unity (cases, 0.95:1.00, controls, 1.00:0.88). The H-ras-1 gene contains an insertion deletion polymorphism. Inheritance of rare H-ras-1 alleles, defined by MspI digestion, confers a relative risk for lung cancer of 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-7.3) for Caucasians and 3.2 (0.9-11.6) for African Americans (74 cases, 67 controls). The L-myc gene sequence has a restriction site (EcoR1) polymorphism between the second and third exons. Inheritance of restriction site-present alleles was reported to confer poor prognosis (presence of lymph node metastases) in Japanese lung cancer patients. This hypothesis was tested in both case-control study subjects (56 cases, 55 controls) and additional surgical cases (40), but no evidence was found to support the hypothesis in the U.S. population. The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene that can encode either a proline or an arginine in the 72nd residue. No associations was found between the minor allele (proline) and diagnosis of lung cancer (76 cases, 68 controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship of H-ras-1, L-myc, and p53 polymorphisms with lung cancer risk and prognosis. 148 64

Experiments in vivo have demonstrated that endothelial cell injury promotes the local arrest of circulating, intravascular cancer cells and the subsequent formation of metastatic tumors. The experiments described here were performed to test the hypothesis that injury of the endothelium also causes damage to the adjacent vascular basement membrane, which in turn facilitates the passage of cancer cells across the vessel wall. Confluent monolayers of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells were incubated with 3H-2-deoxyglucose or 3H-proline to label the endothelial cells or the basement membrane, respectively. After adding H2O2 to these cultures, damage of the endothelium and basement membrane was detected by release of the isotopes into the culture medium. The kinetics and magnitude of basement membrane degradation correlated with the damage to the endothelial cells. Evidence for involvement of endothelial proteases in basement membrane injury included identification of a 63-kD gelatinase in the culture medium, inhibition of injury by protease inhibitors and the inability of H2O2 to cause 3H-proline release when applied directly to basement membranes. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that a greater number of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells attached to the basement membrane and endothelium at points of endothelial retraction. However, this was not due to an increase in the adhesive properties of the basement membrane. The media from injured endothelial cultures stimulated the motility of A549 cells in a Boyden chamber assay. Furthermore, in a 24-hour invasion assay, a greater number of A549 cells migrated through injured basement membranes than through control membranes. We conclude that endothelial cell injury can cause enzymatic damage to the underlying basement membrane and postulate that this can facilitate the transvascular passage of cancer cells in vivo.
Invasion Metastasis 1992
PMID:Endothelial injury causes degradation of adjacent basement membranes and promotes their invasion by A549 carcinoma cells. 151 35

The effect of pretreatment of metastatic B16 melanoma cells with 10(-6) M all trans-retinoic acid resulted in a significant inhibition of lung colonization following injection of 10(5) cells into the tail vein of syngeneic C57BL mice. Adhesion of melanoma cells to vascular endothelial cell monolayers, and subendothelial extracellular matrix was also inhibited by pretreatment with retinoic acid, as was tumour cell aggregation following seeding of pretreated cells on to 0.5% agar. Release of 35SO4 from radiolabelled subendothelial extracellular matrix by melanoma cells was essentially unaltered by retinoic acid pretreatment, as was the release of radiolabel from [3H]proline-labelled matrix, while plasminogen activator activity was enhanced in retinoic-acid-treated cells. These observed changes in adhesive properties may be responsible, at least in part, for the retinoic-acid-induced inhibition of lung colonization.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1992 Jan
PMID:Retinoic acid-induced inhibition of metastatic melanoma cell lung colonization and adhesion to endothelium and subendothelial extracellular matrix. 173 48

Better in vitro models are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying tissue destruction by human tumor cells. To address this matter recently isolated and characterized human ovarian carcinoma cell lines derived from either primary tumors, ascitic effusions or metastatic growths were plated in direct contact with extracellular matrix (ECM) previously deposited on culture dishes by bovine corneal endothelial cells. Light and electron microscopy of four of the five ovarian tumor cell lines demonstrated morphologic digestion with penetration of ECM by tumor cell microvilli, along with associated rarefaction. The ability of these same ovarian tumor cell lines to solubilize specific carbohydrate and protein moieties present in intact ECM was assessed with the use of metabolically prelabeled ECM employing tritiated fucose, galactose, glucosamine and proline. Results from these studies corroborated morphologic observations in which four of the five tumor cell lines tested extensively solubilized radiolabeled ECM. The kinetics of radiolabel release from ECM illustrated that three of the four invasive tumors released [3H]fucose, [3H]glucosamine and [3H]proline at high rates. Normal human ovarian fibroblasts and mesothelial cells were observed to be unable to digest ECM and this was consistent with their inability to release radiolabeled material from prelabeled ECM. The results from these studies suggest that some ovarian carcinomas have the ability to degrade basement membrane components. Knowledge regarding the mechanisms responsible for tissue degradation may eventually lead to the development of new chemotherapeutic modalities designed to restrict tumor cell invasion, growth and metastasis.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:In vitro degradation of extracellular matrix by human ovarian carcinoma cells. 329 49

The deficits in plasma amino acids and serum unesterified fatty acids of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy were studied to delineate the special requirements of the patients and efficacy of our nutritional therapy. Seven general surgery patients and 13 patients treated by the Head-Neck Service had baseline levels measured as part of their nutritional evaluation prior to surgical treatment of their cancers. Fifteen chemotherapy outpatients maintained on their regular diets had fasting levels analyzed. Twenty-six patients who were admitted for their therapy had their intake of the regular hospital diet supplemented with a low-residue enteral diet formula (Vivonex High Nitrogen Diet); parenteral nutrition was used only if their oral intake was totally inadequate. Baseline and sequential measurements were made of plasma amino acid and serum unesterified fatty acid levels by gas liquid chromatographic techniques. Before operation the patients had normal levels of amino acids except for a significant deficiency of threonine and glycine observed in patients with head-neck tumors. Outpatients with and without hepatic metastases had significantly depressed levels of the essential amino acids valine, leucine, threonine, and methionine and the nonessential amino acids serine, glycine, and proline. The baseline levels of the patients admitted for treatment had similar deficiencies except for more evidence of lysine deficiency. Patients supported with total parenteral nutrition had rapid elevation of the amino acid levels. The patients whose intake was supplemented with the oral diets had improvement in their amino acid levels, but the deficiency in the leucine and threonine fractions persisted up to 4 weeks of therapy. Although the lysine levels were normal when first analyzed, significant differences developed in the patients without hepatic metastases after the start of chemotherapy with return to normal only after chemotherapy was discontinued. Fatty acid levels were not significantly different between the cancer groups except for preoperative elevated oleic acid levels noted in the general surgery tumor group; there were no deficiencies in the essential fatty acids. These studies indicate a need for enteral formulas with adequate branched-chain amino acids and enrichment with threonine and lysine for supplementing the nutrition of the cancer patient who is undergoing chemotherapy.
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PMID:Plasma amino acid and serum unesterified fatty acid deficits and the effect of nutritional support in chemotherapy treatment. 642 62

Accurate diagnosis of the degree of malignancy of individual chondrosarcomas is a difficult problem for the orthopedist. To determine whether certain biochemical and metabolic parameters might provide a useful supplement to roentgenologic and histologic evaluations, 19 human chondrosarcomas were analyzed for DNA and collagen content, and for 3H-proline incorporation into 3H-hydroxyproline and total protein. When these values were compared by estimated tumor grade (benign, low, or high) and by tissue type (hyaline, fibrous, myxoid, or mixed), collagen content, synthesis, and total protein synthesis appeared to vary inversely with apparent degree of malignancy, suggesting that different levels of transformation may be represented in these tumors. These measurements may provide a useful adjunct to histologic and roentgenologic evaluations to more accurately predict the degree of malignancy and the tendency of individual tumors to metastasize.
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PMID:A comparison of collagen synthesis by different categories of human chondrosarcoma in organ culture. 710 50


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