Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the last few years, many tumor markers have been proposed to clinicians but only a limited number of them meet the necessary criteria to be useful for either screening, diagnosis, prognosis or follow-up of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Both CEA and Ca 19-9 have proven to be clinically useful for the detection of recurrent tumors. AFP remains the most useful marker for the follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its interest for the early detection of primary tumor is debated. Recent data suggest that assays based on monoclonal antibodies to AFP could be used for detection HCC in high risk populations. Decarboxy-prothrombin assay may be a complement to the AFP test in this localization. In addition to GI hormones, serotonin and urinary 5HIAA, Neuron Specific Enolase appears to be a valuable marker for the follow-up of neuroendocrine tumors of the GI tract. Only a few of the new tumor-associated antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies, appear to be promising clinical ly e.g. Ca50 TAG-72, PAO. Monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated markers have also been used with other techniques: Immunohistochemistry: this technique is useful to the pathologist for the diagnosis of undifferentiated tumors by demonstrating the presence of specific antigens on tissue samples. Immunoscintigraphy: it can be useful for the detection of either metastases of recurrences of colorectal cancer by using anti-ACE antibodies labeled with Iodine 131 iodine 123 or indium 111. However immunoscintigraphy is less sensitive than both ultrasonography and CT scan for localizing hepatic metastases. At the present time the best indication of this method remains the diagnosis of pelvic recurrences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The value of tumor markers in digestive oncology]. 269 5

One of two patients with systemic metastases from a poorly differentiated eccrine adenocarcinoma of the scalp was found to have a tumor positive for estradiol receptors. In the receptor positive patient, after tamoxifen therapy, the lymph node metastasis regressed completely and was associated with full relief of pain from osseous metastases for nearly 3 years. Subsequently, progressive painful osseous metastases in the spine, skull, pelvis, and femur were palliated for shorter periods with sequential systemic therapy with megestrol acetate and fluoxymesterone. Osseous metastases were also palliated with external radiation therapy. In contrast, despite external radiation therapy, brain metastases proved fatal. Tamoxifen was ineffective in the estradiol receptor negative patient. Based on this report, it may be valuable to determine the presence of estradiol receptor protein in eccrine carcinoma as a predictor of response to hormonal therapy.
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PMID:Response of eccrine adenocarcinoma to tamoxifen. 273 82

The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of low (LM) and highly metastatic (HM) cell lines of the Lewis lung tumour (3LL) were compared using [3H]glucosamine labelling techniques. The GAGs isolated from nuclei, cytoplasm, pericellular fractions and medium were analysed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and by digestion with specific enzymes, and the following conclusions were drawn. 1. Increased cellular uptake and incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into glycoconjugates of the cytoplasm was a typical feature of the highly metastatic cell line after a 48-h labelling. However, there was no elevated radioactivity in glycolipids. 2. Radioactivity of the purified GAGs was two and three times higher in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of HM cells than in those of LM cells. There was much less difference between the two cell lines in the pericellular fractions. 3. A definite change from chondroitin sulphate to dermatan sulphate dominancy was recorded in each GAG fraction. Higher heparan sulphate labelling was observed in the cytoplasmic and pericellular GAGs of HM cultures. 4. In the post-labelling period about three times more GAG was present in the extracellular compartment of the HM cultures compared with the LM cultures. 5. In the LM cultures the total GAG-associated radioactivity decreased by 73 per cent in the 48-h chase period whereas in the HM cultures it decreased by only 30 per cent. This indicates a higher rate of GAG degradation in the LM cultures.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Comparative study on Lewis lung tumour lines with 'low' and 'high' metastatic capacity. III. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis, transport and degradation in cell lines. 277 70

Chronic oral administration of lead acetate and/or N-nitrosodiethylamine to rats produces three different types of renal cell tumors composed of basophilic, chromophobic or oncocytic cells. The most frequent tumor, often visible macroscopically, is made up of basophilic cells and forms tubular, cystic, pseudo-papillary or solid structures; it may show considerable cellular atypia but does not metastasize or invade the surrounding parenchyma. Chromophobic and oncocytic tumors are rare and can only be detected with the microscope; they usually form cystic or solid structures. Basophilic and chromophobic tumors arise from specific segments of the proximal tubules, characteristic for each carcinogen: P2, P3C and P3M for lead acetate; P2 and P3C for N-nitrosodiethylamine. Karyomegalia in proximal tubule cells appears to be irrelevant in renal carcinogenesis. However, the appearance of basophilic and chromophobic cells in P2, P3C and P3M segments is considered to be an early change in tumor development. Oncocytic microadenomas originate from collecting ducts showing focal oncocytic transformation. Synergistic or inhibitory effects are not observed after chronic simultaneous administration of lead acetate and N-nitrosodiethylamine, although both carcinogens act in common on P2 and P3C proximal tubule segments.
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PMID:Rat renal carcinogenesis after chronic simultaneous exposure to lead acetate and N-nitrosodiethylamine. 289 Dec 21

One hundred sixty-five consecutive patients with resectable renal cancer entered a cooperative study to evaluate hormone treatment and steroid receptors. Twenty-nine patients with concomitant distant metastases (category M1) received intramuscular medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 500 mg/day for at least two months after the operation. No measurable remission was observed, but 8 of 24 evaluable patients (33%) had disease stabilization for a median duration of 6 months. One hundred thirty-six cases with category M0 cancer were randomly allocated to a control group or to a treatment group with MPA 500 mg/3 times a week for one year. After a median follow-up period of over 3 years, 30 of 121 evaluable patients (24.8%) had a relapse, usually in distant sites. Relapses and survival were independent from postoperative treatment and sex. Only the extent of the disease and the presence of steroid receptors in the tumor were related with prognosis, but no relation could be found between receptors and response to hormone treatment. The presence of low concentrations of hormone receptors in a proportion of renal cancers remains unclear. However, MPA is confirmed to be only marginally active in metastatic renal cancer and the drug cannot be recommended as adjuvant to radically resected patients because of significant toxicity and lack of therapeutic activity.
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PMID:[Hormone receptors and endocrine therapy of renal carcinoma]. 293 31

In a prospective randomized multicenter study in previously untreated postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer, the response to treatment with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 300 mg three times daily was compared with tamoxifen (TAM) 20 mg twice daily. Of 61 patients treated with MPA, 27 (44%) had a partial or complete remission, 6 showed no change, and 28 had progressive disease. Of 68 patients treated with TAM, 24 (35%) showed a remission, 15 no change, and 29 progression. The difference in response rate is not significant. However, 11 of 25 patients with osseous metastases as predominant site, responded to MPA and 7 of 31 to TAM (P = 0.05). Moreover, in patients older than age 70 years, 13 of 26 responded to MPA and 6 of 31 to TAM (P less than 0.05). Median duration of remission of all patients in the MPA arm was 17 months and in the TAM arm, 23 months (not significant). Median survival was 20 months for MPA and 26 months for TAM (not significant). After cross-over from TAM to MPA 8 of 31 patients responded and after cross-over from MPA to TAM, no response was seen in 27 patients. These data indicate that the response rate and duration to MPA and TAM are comparable, except in patients with osseous metastases and in patients older than age 70 years. MPA has more side effects, but seems to be more effective after cross-over, and may thus be reserved for second-line treatment.
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PMID:Oral high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate versus tamoxifen. A randomized crossover trial in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. 293 43

A computerized, retrospective analysis of clinical and pharmacokinetic data relative to 380 cancer patients under medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy has been carried out. A bioavailability:objective- response correlation was found only for mammary cancer patients with visceral metastases and a pain-control effect was observed in advanced cancer patients when MPA plasma levels were higher than 150-200 ng/ml. Discriminant analysis of the known prognostic factors for breast cancer indicates that receptorial status, site of predominant metastases, basal alkaline phosphatase and free interval are good predictors for possible clinical response, while the behavior of prolactin and previous treatments are predictors for non-response. There is no improvement in the efficacy of prediction in combining more than one prognostic factor.
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PMID:MPA at high doses in advanced breast cancer: a statistical evaluation. 294 Nov 72

Fifty heavily pretreated postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (1 g) daily for 1-18 months. Eight patients (16%) responded to treatment for periods up to 18 months and in an additional eight patients (16%) the disease stabilized for up to 10 months. Thirty-two patients (64%) developed adverse effects and eight (16%), all of whom had extensive pulmonary metastases, died a respiratory-related death thought possibly to have been brought on or accelerated by treatment. Only eight patients (16%) experienced increased appetite, weight gain, feeling of wellbeing, or improved performance status. We conclude that medroxyprogesterone acetate is useful in patients with advanced metastatic disease but should be restricted to carefully selected patients and used only with extreme caution in patients with underlying cardiovascular or respiratory disease. Its major application probably lies in the benefit it confers earlier in the disease.
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PMID:High-dose oral medroxyprogesterone acetate in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. 294 46

In a previous paper we reported that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) decreased the incidence of foreign body tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice but that mammary adenocarcinomas appeared in some of the females. The experiment was repeated in 245 virgin females as follows: (1) 40 mice treated with 40 mg of MPA depot s.c. every 2 months during a whole year; (2) 117 mice bearing a foreign body (FB) and treated with MPA; (3) 46 mice bearing a FB; (4) 42 non-treated mice. Mammary adenocarcinomas developed in 16/40 in group 1 and 30/117 in group 2; no mammary tumors appeared in either control groups. The tumors were infiltrating adenocarcinomas often affecting more than one mammary gland; metastases were occasionally observed. Animals killed after 1 year of MPA treatment presented deciduomas. MPA also decreased the incidence of FB-induced sarcomas, confirming previous results.
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PMID:Induction of mammary adenocarcinomas by medroxyprogesterone acetate in BALB/c female mice. 294 75

This prospective trial was designed to help in selecting therapy for patients with elevated and normal plasma prolactin. Ninety-two patients entered this trial, of whom 86 were evaluable for final analysis. Hyperprolactinemic patients (n = 31) were randomized to receive VAC/FMC chemotherapy with or without bromoergocryptine. Normoprolactinemic patients with 'low risk' metastatic disease (disease-free interval greater than 30 months, ER/PR positive or unknown) were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate or VAC/FMC chemotherapy. Normoprolactinemic 'high risk' patients (n = 42) (disease-free interval less than 30 months, EP/PR negative) received VAC/FMC chemotherapy with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP). The results show that bromoergocryptine does not improve response rate, duration of response and survival. Median survival of patients with elevated basal plasma prolactin (greater than 15 ng/ml) is reduced to 9 months compared to patients with normal basal plasma prolactin (17 months, log-rank p = 0.005). Unexpectedly, TRH stimulation proved inappropriate to separate normo- and hyperprolactinemic patients in terms of survival. Normoprolactinemic 'low risks' (tamoxifen failures) were observed to qualify for further hormone therapy (median survival 21+ months). Normoprolactinemic 'high risks' showed median survival of about 12 months with no apparent benefit for those receiving MAP, additionally. The results suggest that basal hyperprolactinemia, disease free interval, ER/PR receptor status, and liver metastasis are important prognostic variables. Endocrine and cytotoxic chemotherapy should be selected according to these risk factors.
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PMID:Prospective randomized trial concerning hyper- and normoprolactinemia and the use of bromoergocryptine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. 295 Mar 59


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