Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinomas of the rat prostate induced by a single injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, after sequential treatment with cyproterone acetate and testosterone propionate, were evaluated as potential animal models for prostatic cancer. All ten carcinomas examined were located in the dorsolateral prostate region and did not involve the distal parts of the seminal vesicles and coagulating glands. The incidence of urinary obstruction leading to the animals' death was 6 of 10 rats, and metastases in the lung, abdominal lymph nodes, and/or liver also occurred in 6 of 10 rats. The tumors were invasive adenocarcinomas, showing frequent perineural invasion and a variable degree of differentiation. There were ultrastructural similarities with human prostatic carcinomas, such as intracellular lumina. Plasma acid phosphatase was increased. Enzyme histochemical analysis revealed similarities with the Dunning R3327H and -HI prostatic carcinomas but was not helpful in determining the site of origin of the tumors. The gross and microscopic appearance of the tumors and the observation of preneoplastic lesions exclusively located in the dorsolateral prostate suggest this lobe as site of origin of the carcinomas. Preneoplastic lesions (n = 9) included atypical hyperplasias (n = 5) and lesions with all histological characteristics of carcinoma except for local invasion and metastases, which were classified as carcinoma in situ (n = 4). Although androgen sensitivity could not be assessed, the observed characteristics of the tumors [their long latency time (46-80 weeks), the presence of preneoplastic lesions, and the short duration of the treatment, leaving the animals intact] all indicate that the present approach is a valid animal model for the study of prostatic carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Characterization of adenocarcinomas of the dorsolateral prostate induced in Wistar rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, following sequential treatment with cyproterone acetate and testosterone propionate. 210 61

The clinical efficacy and safety of 3.75 or 7.5 mg leuprorelin acetate depot given subcutaneously once every 4 weeks was evaluated in a collaborative study of 81 patients with untreated prostatic cancer. Efficacy of treatment was assessed using criteria based on a meeting of the Prostatic Cancer Study Group funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare and using National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria. Japanese criteria enabled evaluation of individual parameters, unlike the National Prostatic Cancer Project system which classified a patient as unevaluable if one evaluation parameter was unavailable. Leuprorelin acetate depot suppressed serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone concentrations. Objective response rates of the prostate, bone metastases, serum prostatic acid phosphatase and soft tissue metastases, and subjective dysuria and pain responses were comparable to those found with conventional hormone therapy. Leuprorelin acetate depot was well tolerated, with no significant differences in response to the two doses.
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PMID:Leuprorelin acetate depot: results of a multicentre Japanese trial. TAP-144-SR Study Group. 210 89

The scintigraphic "flare" phenomenon on bone imaging refers to an increase in intensity of tracer uptake in sites of bone metastases and/or the appearance of "new" lesions, which occur shortly after commencement of hormonal therapy or chemotherapy for breast, prostate, or lung cancer. In this study, we observed that scintigraphic flare can occur in patients with prostate cancer following treatment with the "hormone-like" luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog, leuprolide acetate. Twenty-six patients with prostate cancer being treated with leuprolide acetate underwent serial bone scans at three-month intervals. Five (19.2%) of the 26 patients had findings consistent with a scintigraphic flare on bone scans obtained between three and six months after initiation of therapy. These scan findings should not be confused with progression of skeletal metastases.
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PMID:Leuprolide therapy for prostate cancer. An association with scintigraphic "flare" on bone scan. 211 49

One hundred seventy-two patients with advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive oral standard-dose megestrol acetate (MA), 160 mg/d or high-dose MA, 800 mg/d. All but two patients had one prior trial of tamoxifen therapy for either metastatic disease (74%) or as adjuvant treatment (26%). Pretreatment characteristics were similar for both arms. High-dose MA resulted in a superior complete plus partial response rate (27% v 10%, P = .005), time to treatment failure (median, 8.0 v 3.2 months, P = .019), and survival (median, 22.4 v 16.5 months, P = .04) when compared with standard-dose therapy. These differences remained significant after adjustment for other covariates. Thirty-four patients were given high-dose MA after failure of standard-dose MA treatment, and none responded. Weight gain was the most distressing side effect, with 13% of standard-dose and 43% of high-dose patients gaining more than 20 lbs. Four major cardiovascular events occurred in patients receiving high-dose treatment and one in patients given standard doses. Other toxicity was modest. High-dose MA may represent a significant improvement in secondary endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer patients refractory to initial endocrine treatment, but its use on a regular basis should be reserved until these results are confirmed by other clinical trials.
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PMID:High- versus standard-dose megestrol acetate in women with advanced breast cancer: a phase III trial of the Piedmont Oncology Association. 223 Aug 68

Five proteins with anticoagulant and antimetastatic activities were isolated from the salivary glands of the Amazon leech, Haementeria ghilianil. These proteins, designated ghilantens, were co-purified on DEAE-cellulose and heparin-agarose, and were purified by microbore C-18 reverse-phase HPLC. Each variant had a similar molecular weight (18,000), amino acid composition, and a blocked amino terminus. Ghilantens caused a dose-dependent prolongation of the prothrombin time of normal human plasma and blocked the factor Xa-mediated hydrolysis of methoxycarbonyl-D-cyclohexylglycyl-glycl-arginine-p-nitro anillide acetate. Ghilantens were quantitatively absorbed to bovine factor Xa-AffiGel-15 and were eluted with 0.1 mol/L benzamidine, an active-site reversible inhibitor of factor Xa. These findings show that ghilantens can form a reversible association with the enzyme. When administered intravenously to mice by tall vein injection, ghilantens potently suppressed lung metastases of B16-F10 melanoma cells. These findings suggest that ghilantens may have therapeutic value in the treatment of metastatic disease.
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PMID:Ghilantens: anticoagulant-antimetastatic proteins from the South American leech, Haementeria ghilianii. 229 60

In 31 patients resected specimens from primary colorectal cancers, corresponding liver metastases and local recurrences were investigated for the staining pattern of lectins (PNL, UEA, WGA, HPA, SBA, RCA) and tissue antigens (CEA, SP, ACT) by immunohistochemistry. Comparison of staining patterns showed a loss of marker expression from normal colonic mucosa to colorectal primary carcinomas, and a tendency to marker loss from the primary tumour to liver metastases. However, even a neo-expression of markers not present in the primary tumour could be observed. For clinical use, serum markers observed in patient follow-up may be valuable even where the findings are negative at the time of primary tumour surgery. In contrast to the heterogenous marker map of primary tumours and metastases, comparison of primary and locally recurrent tumour revealed a staining pattern that was almost always identical. This supports the hypothesis that locoregional recurrences develop from remnant cells of the primary tumour left behind at surgery. There is no support for the thesis that locoregional recurrences arise from mucosal changes at the anastomosis or from suture material.
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PMID:Lectins and immunohistochemistry of colorectal cancer, its recurrences and metastases. 237 90

Sixty eight patients with renal cell carcinoma were treated at our University in 1968 approximately 1983. The prognosis of these patients was studied retrospectively. Sixty six patients had also been receiving treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy except 3 cases after radical nephrectomy. Thirty five of the patients with Stage I approximately N renal cell carcinoma were treated with hormonal therapy using chlormadinone acetate (CMA) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). CMA was used prophylactically in 21 patients with Stage I approximately IIIA renal cell carcinoma and who had undergone radical nephrectomy. Metastasis was noted in 3 cases in this prophylactic CMA group (21 cases) and 4 cases in the control group (19 cases). No significant difference between these two groups was observed statistically. In the advanced group with Stage IIIC-IV renal cell carcinoma (11 cases), only one case with a complete response was noted after CMA combination therapy.
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PMID:[Therapy of renal cell carcinoma. 1. Hormonal therapy]. 241 63

Between 1977 and 1985, 149 male patients with anaplastic germ cell tumours (AGCT) completed chemotherapy with POMB/ACE (platinum, vincristine (oncovine), methotrexate, bleomycin, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and etoposide). By increasing the number of courses of POMB in 1979, we have been able to compensate for adverse prognostic factors. Since then each patient has received at least three courses of POMB and 118 patients have completed therapy. The overall survival rate since 1979 is 89% and for the 100 patients who had not received prior radiotherapy it is 92%. We established that an initial serum concentration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG greater than 50,000 iu/l) and/or alphafetoprotein (AFP greater than 500 ku/l) indicated a poor prognosis. Between 1977 and 1979 the survival rate in 12 patients in this category was only 45%. After increasing the number of courses of POMB, the survival rate rose to 89% in 31 patients. However, patients who had received prior radiotherapy and who presented with high tumour markers (HCG greater than 50,000 iu/l and/or AFP greater than 500 ku/l) continue to have a poor survival rate (20% in five patients). With this chemotherapy, 14 of 16 patients (88%) presenting with liver metastases and 6 of 7 patients (86%) presenting with brain metastases are in complete remission. Neither the stage at presentation nor the volume of metastatic disease was a major adverse prognostic variable. We believe that POMB/ACE chemotherapy, followed by surgery in selected cases, is currently the best treatment for patients with AGCT.
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PMID:Current optimum management of anaplastic germ cell tumours of the testis and other sites. 242 38

A combination of heparin and cortisone acetate significantly inhibited both embryonic angiogenesis and the tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, although each of these agents used alone affected neither angiogenesis nor tumor growth. On the other hand, this combination neither decreased the number of metastatic foci in the lung nor prolonged the survival time of mice with 3LL. All tumor-bearing mice died of hemothorax due to pulmonary metastases. Cortisone acetate by itself increased metastasis, and addition of heparin did not affect accelerated metastasis. Because an antiangiogenic activity appears independent of metastasis acceleration by cortisone acetate, the use of steroids other than cortisone acetate having no metastasis-promotion effect should be required for an antiangiogenic tumor therapy in the presence of heparin. Heparin plus cortisone acetate prevented the DNA synthesis of cultured vascular endothelial cells but not that of cultured 3LL cells. Additionally, oral administration of this combination decreased the [3H]thymidine labeling of endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels prior to the suppression of tumor growth. The specific inhibition of the growth of endothelial cells by heparin plus cortisone acetate was revealed in both the in vitro and the in vivo tests.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of heparin plus cortisone acetate on endothelial cell growth both in cultures and in tumor masses. 243 5

Between 1977 and 1986, 170 male patients with anaplastic germ cell tumours (AGCT) completed chemotherapy with POMB/ACE (platinum, vincristine (oncovin), methotrexate, bleomycin, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and etoposide). By increasing the number of courses of POMB in 1979 we have been able to compensate for adverse prognostic factors. Since then each patient has received a minimum of three courses of POMB and 139 patients have completed therapy with an overall survival of 89%, and for those patients who had not received prior radiotherapy the survival is 92%. By increasing the number of courses of POMB, the initial serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG greater than 50,000 IU/I) and/or alpha-fetoprotein (AFP greater than 500 kU/l) have ceased to be poor prognostic variables. Neither stage at presentation nor the volume of metastatic disease is a major adverse prognostic variable using this chemotherapy.
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PMID:Treatment of patients with poor prognosis anaplastic germ cell tumours (AGCT) of the testis and other sites. 243 23


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