Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intermediate filaments (IF) are tissue-specific in so far that epithelial, mesenchymal, muscle and neural tissue types can be distinguished by the use of specific antibodies to keratin, vimentin, desmin and neurofilaments or glial filaments respectively. We have examined the possibility of using these sera in the differential diagnosis of human malignant tumors. Using antisera to human skin keratin and bovine lens vimentin we could differentiate between carcinomas (keratin +) and sarcomas (vimentin +). Furthermore, we could show that when cells become malignant and metastasize they retain their original IF and do not develop additional IF systems. We conclude that antibodies to IF proteins are powerful tools in the hands of a pathologist as an additional method to improve identification of tumors and their metastases.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of human carcinomas, sarcomas and their metastases using antibodies to intermediate-sized filaments. 618 73

In most cell types intermediate or 10-mm filaments (IF) are a major cytoskeletal organization and, thus, directly or indirectly influence the structural appearance of the cytoplasm. In line with the cell type-specific expression patterns of different IF proteins in normal animal and human tissue, IF typing distinguishes the major tumor groups, as documented by results with several hundred human tumors classified by conventional histologic methods. Carcinomas are characterized by cytokeratins, sarcomas of muscle cells by desmin, nonmuscle sarcomas by vimentin, and gliomas by glial fibrillary acidic protein. Furthermore, certain tumors originating from the sympathetic nervous system, e.g., ganglioneuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and at least some neuroblastomas, are characterized by the presence of neurofilaments. Carcinomas can often be further subdivided with regard to their possible derivation by examining their cytokeratin profiles. The IF type characteristic of the cell of origin seems to be kept not only in the primary tumor but usually also in solid metastases. In general, tumors do not acquire additional IF types. Therefore, IF typing can provide an unambiguous and rapid characterization in certain cases, that are difficult to diagnose by conventional techniques. Some useful examples are the small cell tumors of childhood and the discrimination between undifferentiated carcinoma and lymphoma. IF typing of a few tumors has already led to a revision or reconsideration of the original light microscopic diagnosis. The combined results indicate that at least certain carcinomas, as well as certain other tumor types, seem to arise by the selective multiplication of a particular and identifiable cell type present in the normal tissue. The procedure is not restricted to tumor material. IF typing of Mallory bodies, Alzheimer's disease tangles, certain myopathies, and the cells of the amniotic fluid offers further interesting applications. Thus, IF typing should become a valuable new tool both in histology and surgical pathology.
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PMID:Tumor diagnosis by intermediate filament typing: a novel tool for surgical pathology. 618 96

Metastatic tumor cells of epithelial origin present in effusions from human serous cavity fluids (ascites or pleural fluid) were examined for their intermediate-sized filament types by using antibodies to keratin, vimentin, and desmin in the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Solid epithelial tumors (both primary carcinomas and their metastases) contain keratin intermediate-sized filaments exclusively. However, when these cells are present in ascitic or pleural fluid, they also express vimentin, which occurs in a fibrillar organization. The possible effects of this additional, but temporary, cytoskeleton on metastatic growth or aggressiveness (or both) are discussed.
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PMID:Coexpression of keratin- and vimentin-type intermediate filaments in human metastatic carcinoma cells. 618 27

The occurrence and localization of intermediate-sized filaments in 85 cases of adenocarcinoma have been examined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique as well as by the immunoperoxidase technique. Frozen sections of human tumor tissue were incubated with antibodies to keratin, vimentin, and desmin. In contrast to earlier studies by Schlegel et al, this study demonstrates the presence of keratin in 64 cases of primary adenocarcinoma, including tumors of stomach, colon and rectum, lung, pancreas, bile ducts, ovary and uterus, female breast, and prostate, and in 21 cases of adenocarcinomatous metastases in lymph nodes, thoracic and abdominal wall, omentum, mesentery, testis, liver, and the pelvis. In order to establish the possibility of demonstrating intermediate filament proteins by immunohistochemical techniques in fixed, paraffin-embedded material, the authors tested seven fixation methods. It is concluded from the data that antibodies to intermediate filament proteins can be useful in the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinomas because they can distinguish them from tumors of nonepithelial origin in frozen sections.
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PMID:Demonstration of keratin in human adenocarcinomas. 618 2

Six malignant melanomas have been examined for the type of intermediate filament they contain. All six cases showed positive staining of intermediate filaments with antibodies to vimentin, with cells containing large numbers of melanosomes being stained less strongly in general. The tumor cells did not react with antibodies to keratin, desmin, neurofilaments or glial fibrillary acidic protein. Thus typing of intermediate filaments can distinguish melanoma from undifferentiated carcinoma, but not from lymphoma or sarcoma. Since melanocytes are known to be vimentin positive, and since most of the samples we studied were from metastases, these results are a further indication that the intermediate filament type typical of the parental cell is retained in the metastases, as well as in the primaries of solid tumours. The implications of vimentin positivity for the histiogenesis of the melanocyte are also discussed.
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PMID:Malignant melanomas contain only the vimentin type of intermediate filaments. 619 Mar 1

A carcinosarcoma of the lung, as well as the paratracheal lymph nodes from the same patient, were subjected to immunofluorescent labeling with antibodies to tissue-specific intermediate-filament subunits, including desmin, vimentin, and prekeratin. Within the tumor mass two distinct populations of malignant cells were found: prekeratin-positive cells, corresponding to the carcinomatous component of the tumor, and vimentin-positive cells, corresponding to the sarcomatous elements. Tumor cells were also detected in lymph node metastases in which only the prekeratin-containing carcinoma cells were found. In view of the strict specificity of antivimentin and anti-prekeratin for cells of mesenchymal or epithelial origin, respectively, it is proposed that the two components of the carcinosarcoma are derived from distinct cell types and are not morphologic variants of the same tumor.
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PMID:Distinctive immunofluorescent labeling of epithelial and mesenchymal elements of carcinosarcoma with antibodies specific for different intermediate filaments. 637 64

A case of esthesioneuroblastoma, the pathological diagnosis of which almost always causes great difficulties, was investigated ultrastructurally, biochemically, and immunohistologically, using antibodies against the five known types of intermediate filaments [keratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilaments]. The tumour cells did not react with antibodies against any of the five intermediate filament proteins. Ultrastructural investigations showed dense cored secretory granules in the cytoplasm and cell processes. Thus, immunohistology offers by "exclusion" a differential diagnosis to avoid often misdiagnosed tumours (undifferentiated carcinomas, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and malignant lymphomas), since carcinomas react with antikeratin, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas with antibodies to desmin and malignant lymphomas show immunofluorescence with antibodies to vimentin. The biological behaviour (age distribution, tendency to metastasize), the normal values of biochemical parameters, homovanillic acid and vanilmandelic acid (HVA, VMA), and the absence of neurofilaments distinguish this type of tumour from the peripheral sympathetic neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Esthesioneuroblastoma: ultrastructural, immunohistological and biochemical investigation of one case. 671 29

Six cases of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (SCH) are presented with immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses. One case was associated with Maffucci's syndrome. All lesions were solitary or multifocal in the extremities, and prepresentation duration ranged from years to decades. One case recurred but none had metastases. Histologically, in four of the six cases the main lesions appeared to arise within vessels, predominantly muscular vessels. All lesions consisted of cavernous hemangioma-like areas and solid cellular areas resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. Cellular atypia was minimal. At the periphery of the lesions, a cluster of large thick or thin walled, and probably malformed, vessels were observed. Immunohistochemically, factor-VIII related antigen, CD34, vimentin, and lectin binding Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 stained endothelial cells lining vascular channels, and vacuolated, or epithelioid cells. Spindle cells in the solid areas were negative for these endothelial markers except for vimentin, but showed divergent positive immunoreactions of HHF35, alpha-smooth muscle actin, desmin, and collagen type IV. Five cases were diploid and one was aneuploid. There was no significant correlation among DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction, and local recurrence in SCH although the number of cases examined was small. These results suggest SCH may be a benign lesion, probably a reactive process, rather than a low-grade angiosarcoma.
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PMID:Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: an immunohistochemical and flow cytometric study of six cases. 749 4

Ten malignant canine mammary gland tumours and five metastases from three of these tumours were studied immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against different human keratin types (K), alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin. In all tumours the neoplastic epithelium was rather homogeneously labelled with the keratin MoAbs RCK 102 (K 5 and 8) and CAM 5.2 (K 8). The adenocarcinomas (n = 5), the solid carcinomas (n = 2), and the carcinosarcoma (n = 1) showed heterogeneous labelling with the MoAbs specific for luminal cell antigens in the normal canine mammary gland, i.e., K 18, K 7 and K 19 MoAbs. These cells were also immunoreactive with K 4 and K 10 MoAbs. The spindle cell carcinomas (n = 2), however, did not react with these MoAbs. All tumours except one adenocarcinoma were characterized by the absence of immunoreactive labelling with the alpha-smooth muscle actin MoAb. In the solid carcinomas this was associated with the absence of labelling with one or both basal cell specific keratin MoAbs, i.e., 8.7 (K 14 and 17) and RCK 107 (K 14), respectively. In contrast, the other malignant tumours showed marked labelling of neoplastic epithelium with these MoAbs. Another remarkable finding was the labelling of a limited to moderate number of neoplastic epithelial cells with the vimentin MoAb. The presence of such labelling patterns in canine mammary gland tumours may be indicative of malignancy. Metastatic tumour tissues had a labelling pattern largely similar to that of the primary tumour, although also loss of reactivity for some keratin MoAbs was seen.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry with keratin, vimentin, desmin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin monoclonal antibodies in canine mammary gland: malignant mammary tumours. 750 11

Herein we report the clinicopathological features of four cases of pulmonary artery sarcoma that appeared at our institution during a period of 30 years. The patients, 2 males and 2 females, were 50-62 years old. Tumour was found in the pulmonary trunk and right pulmonary artery in all cases, in the pulmonary valve and left pulmonary artery in three of the four cases, and in the right ventricular outflow tract in one case. There was direct extension or metastases to the lungs in two cases, the heart in one case, mediastinum or lymph nodes in two cases and the pleura in one case. Ultrastructural examination in one case revealed cells with features of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemical examination of three cases gave the following results: vimentin and smooth muscle specific actin was positive in all three cases, desmin in one case and cytokeratin in one case. No positivity was found for Factor VIII. This and other studies indicate that histologically most pulmonary artery sarcomas are leiomyosarcomas or "undifferentiated spindle cell sarcomas". Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations favour an origin from myofibroblasts, probably derived from multipotent (undifferentiated) cells in the wall of the vessel. Most lesions show extensive intrathoracic growth although they rarely metastasize outside the thoracic cavity. They have a poor prognosis although some cases are currently being diagnosed during life.
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PMID:Sarcoma of the pulmonary artery: report of four cases with electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations, and review of the literature. 769 21


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