Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of dermal and subcutaneous tissues is an uncommon neoplasm. In order to analyze the specialized pathologic features of this tumor, we undertook a histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study of 9 superficial LMS, including 7 dermal lesions and 2 subcutaneous neoplasms. These were compared with 12 examples of "deep" extracutaneous LMS. Metastases to the skin from two of the latter neoplasms were also examined. Immunohistochemistry was found to be a useful diagnostic adjunct to light microscopic and ultrastructural studies in that all LMS coexpressed vimentin and desmin, regardless of site, and 90% also expressed muscle-specific actin. Variable expression of cathepsin B and myelin basic protein was noted in 8 and 10 tumors, respectively, whereas none contained cytokeratin. Weak cytoplasmic positivity for epithelial membrane antigen was seen in 1 dermal and 3 extracutaneous LMS. Of 7 dermal LMS, 4 contained S-100 protein, whereas this determinant was found in only 1 of 12 extracutaneous tumors. Conversely, Leu 7 reactivity was present in 7 of 12 extracutaneous LMS, but only 2 of 9 superficial lesions. Review of clinical features confirmed that subcutaneous LMS is capable of aggressive behaviour, whereas dermal LMS was more likely to behave in an indolent fashion. However, one example of dermal LMS exhibited aggressive local recurrences and distant metastasis, ultimately leading to the death of the patient. Therefore, careful clinical followup is indicated in all cases.
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PMID:Primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma. A histological and immunohistochemical study of 9 cases, with ultrastructural correlation. 329 54

Myosin isoform expression was analyzed in experimental rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and immunofluorescence techniques. Tumors induced by inoculating newborn rats with Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV) were examined 30-90 days after birth. Nine tumors and two lymph node metastases were studied by direct, indirect, and double immunofluorescence assays using a panel of five anti-myosin mAbs. The mAb BF-45 was specifically reactive with embryonic myosin heavy chain (MHC), mAb BF-34 was specific for a neonatal MHC epitope, mAb BF-B6 was directed against an epitope present in both embryonic and neonatal MHC, and mAbs BF-F3 and BF-32 detected epitopes present in adult MHC isoforms. Anti-desmin antibodies were also used for comparison. The results of this study show that: (1) the majority of neoplastic cells stained for desmin while only a minority of neoplastic cells were labeled by anti-myosin antibodies; (2) myosin positive tumor cells contained predominantly embryonic and neonatal MHC types but rare RMS cells reacted exclusively with anti-adult myosin antibodies; and (3) adult and embryonic MHC phenotypes were occasionally detected within the same tumor cell especially in RMS with the longest latencies. Together these results would suggest that the mechanism(s) regulating MHC gene expression in skeletal muscle cells can be altered by the transforming activity of Mo-MSV.
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PMID:Myosin isoform expression in rat rhabdomyosarcoma induced by Moloney murine sarcoma virus. 330 17

In the current study DNA-ploidy was determined in a group of 11 desmin-positive rhabdomyosarcomas and found to be aneuploid in all of them. In three cases, synchronous metastases could be studied as well. In two of them a hypotetraploid peak was observed not present in the primary tumor. In two other cases residual tumors obtained after chemotherapy appeared to have DNA-profiles similar to those observed in their primary tumors. These findings suggest either a selection of metastasizing clones or tumor progression. No apparent selection of clones responding to therapy could be established. For comparison, a group of other childhood sarcomas (four Ewing's sarcomas, two primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and two epithelioid sarcomas) was also studied. All except one of these cases appeared to have diploid or near-diploid stemlines. These results suggest that DNA-ploidy may be used as an additional criterion in the differential diagnosis of childhood sarcomas.
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PMID:DNA-aneuploidy in rhabdomyosarcomas as compared with other sarcomas of childhood and adolescence. 337 82

Choroid plexus neoplasms account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors, with papillomas (CPPs) more frequent than carcinomas (CPCs). Immunocytochemical characterization of these neoplasms has been limited. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100 protein, and keratin have been variably demonstrated by others. Ten cases were identified at two hospitals over a 25-year period; six were children and four were adults. There were seven cases of CPP and three of CPC. Extracranial metastases occurred in one case of CPC and multiple local recurrences were common. Immunohistochemical examination was performed with polyclonal antibodies to keratin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), desmin, neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100 protein, and with monoclonal antibodies to vimentin, 45- to 54-kd cytokeratin (CKER), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Among the seven cases of CPP, five were positive for CKER, three for keratin, two for CEA, two for NSE, and five for S100. Three cases of CPC were positive for CEA, three for CKER, and two for keratin. With one exception, when a neoplasm was positive for CEA and S100 it was also positive for CKER. Positivity for CEA in this group was associated with a more aggressive histologic pattern and heralded a worse prognosis. S100 immunoreactivity appeared to predominate in well-differentiated neoplasms. Keratin and CKER were found in both CPP and CPC, but may be useful in the distinction from ependymomas. Statistical analysis resulted in the following classification rule: If the CEA stain is positive and the S100 stain is negative, then the tumor is malignant; otherwise, the tumor is benign.
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PMID:Choroid plexus neoplasms. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical studies. 371 96

A patient presented with large intrahepatic tumoral masses 36 yr after the initial detection of multiple liver metastases during a gastrectomy. The operation had been performed to remove four ulcerated polypoid gastric lesions. Reexamination of the previous liver and gastric biopsy specimens revealed a gastric leiomyoblastoma with metastases to the liver. The smooth muscle origin of this tumor was confirmed by positive staining for desmin intermediate filaments. This very long survival is extremely unusual in cases of metastatic gastric leiomyoblastoma.
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PMID:Gastric leiomyoblastoma with metastases to the liver. A 36-year follow-up study. 389 11

Twenty-three cases of intramuscular myxoma were analyzed clinically and histologically. The mean age of the patients was 54 years, and two-thirds were women. Clinical follow-up of 2 to 17 years' duration revealed no recurrences or metastases. Intramuscular myxoma thus appears to be a completely benign tumor. One patient simultaneously had a myxoma in the muscle of the thigh and a lesion of fibrous dysplasia in the femur. In addition, 14 of 16 patients studied with x-ray had a significantly higher incidence of minor abnormalities in bones as compared with the normal population. The myxomas were characterized histologically by sparse cellularity, abundant intercellular material digestible with hyaluronidase, and lack of mitotic figures. At the ultrastructural level, the tumor cells showed characteristics of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemical analysis of intermediate filament proteins revealed vimentin- but no desmin-positivity in the tumor cells, and endothelial cell markers as well as S-100 protein were absent. This is compatible with fibroblastic-myofibroblastic nature of the myxoma cells.
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PMID:Intramuscular myxoma--a clinicopathological study of twenty-three cases. 403 56

A case of 14-year-old girl is reported in whom an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma occurred in the soft tissues of the left forearm 4 years prior to death. Despite extensive surgery as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy the tumor recurred locally and produced extensive metastases including a metastasis to the brain. Cerebral metastases have not yet been reported in the literature despite extensive reports on the pathology of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The morphological diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma was supported by the immunohistochemical demonstration of desmin, myosin, and myoglobin in the tumor cells.
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PMID:Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in a young female patient metastasizing to the brain. 405 Mar 50

Forty-three tumors were investigated by means of immunofluorescence with the use of antibodies against the following different classes of intermediate-sized (10 nm) filament proteins: 1) cytokeratins, 2) vimentin, and 3) desmin. In general, the immunologic features of tumor-cell intermediate filaments are those present in their tissue of origin. It can be seen, therefore, that, during neoplastic transformation, there are no major changes in the synthesis of the type of intermediate filament proteins when compared to normal tissues. Immunologic identification of these proteins furnishes the surgical pathologist with a quick and clear-cut way to differentiate tumors of mesenchymal origin from epithelial neoplasms, and in particular to distinguish between malignant lymphomas and lymph node metastases of undifferentiated carcinomas.
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PMID:Immunochemical identification of intermediate-sized filaments in human neoplastic cells. A diagnostic aid for the surgical pathologist. 617 Feb 30

Twenty-five primary gastrointestinal carcinomas have been studied using immunofluorescence microscopy with affinity-purified antibodies to prekeratin and to vimentin. The tissues were alcohol fixed and paraffin embedded before use. In all cases (i.e., one case of esophagal carcinoma, seven stomach carcinomas, and 17 large bowel carcinomas) the tumor cells are stained by antibodies to prekeratin. In cases in which only very few tumor cells are present, such as signet ring carcinoma, immunofluorescence with prekeratin antibody provides an easy way to visualize single tumor cells. When the same specimens were tested with antibodies to vimentin, the tumor cells were unstained, and only the fibroblasts and vessels of the stroma were decorated. Four of the tumors were also negative when tested with antibodies specific for either desmin, or glial fibrillary acidic protein or neurofilaments. Three metastases to the abdominal region from tumors originating in the ovary, stomach, and large bowel were like the primary tumors in that the tumor cells were positive when stained with antibodies to prekeratin and negative when tested with the antibodies to vimentin.
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PMID:Antibodies to intermediate filaments as diagnostic tools: human gastrointestinal carcinomas express prekeratin. 617 80

Intermediate-sized filaments have been studied in human malignant melanomas and in normal melanocytes by immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies directed against keratin, vimentin, desmin, neurofilament protein, and glial filament protein. Both human melanotic and amelanotic tumor cells and tumor metastases as well as normal melanocytes in human skin and in the rat eye contain exclusively intermediate filaments of the vimentin type. No reaction was seen with antibodies to keratin, desmin, neurofilaments, or glial filaments. These latter four antisera, however, gave strong reactions in epidermis and other epithelial tissues, muscle, or neural tissues, respectively. The results favor a mesenchymal character of melanocytes, although a neuroectodermal origin in an early developmental stage is possible. The finding that melanomas contain exclusively vimentin intermediate filaments may prove useful in differential diagnosis of melanomas from other tumor types.
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PMID:Intermediate filaments in malignant melanomas. Identification and use as marker in surgical pathology. 618 93


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