Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD and 8 derivatives obtained in our laboratory either by cell cloning or by culturing in vitro cells from tumors or secondaries grown in nude mice. The expression of desmin and of the embryonic isoform of myosin and the formation of multinuclear myotube-like structures were studied as specific markers of myogenic differentiation. During continuous growth, each derivative contained a proportion (ranging from 5 to 80% among derivatives) of desmin-positive cells and a small number of myosin-positive or multinuclear elements. Cells from continuous cultures were injected intravenously in nude mice, producing lung and kidney/adrenal nodules. No correlation was found between the proportion of cells expressing desmin and metastatic capacity. When cultures were grown in differentiation medium (Dulbecco's minimal essential medium + 2% horse serum) some derivatives (designated type A) showed a strong increase in the proportion of myosin-positive cells, while others (type B) showed no increase. In vitro differentiation significantly reduced the metastatic ability of type A cells, while no modification was observed in type B after growth in differentiation medium. The proliferative ability of type A and type B cells grown in differentiation medium did not correlate with the proportion of myosin-positive cells, and extensive formation of multinuclear myotubes was never observed. It was concluded that reduction of experimental metastatic ability was mediated by events related to late, though not necessarily terminal, differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
Invasion Metastasis 1991
PMID:Reduced metastatic ability of in vitro differentiated human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. 191 85

We report the case of a 49-year-old woman with a large renal angiomyolipoma that invaded the liver. In some areas, the tumor had the appearance of a typical angiomyolipoma; however, it also had foci where the spindle cells of the lesion showed marked cytologic atypia and mitotic activity, giving it the appearance of a high-grade sarcoma. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated expression of vimentin, desmin, and muscle-specific actin by the sarcoma cells; these findings were consistent with leiomyosarcoma. A second, small typical angiomyolipoma was also present in the kidney. In addition, the liver exhibited focal nodular hyperplasia. Three weeks after resection of the primary renal tumor, pulmonary metastases were diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. This is the first report of a case of angiomyolipoma with sarcomatous transformation and biopsy-proven metastatic disease.
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PMID:Renal angiomyolipoma with sarcomatous transformation and pulmonary metastases. 192 59

True carcinosarcoma of the prostate is a rare neoplasm, with only 9 cases well documented by immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural examination. We report a case of an unresectable pelvic tumor studied at autopsy. The primary prostatic neoplasm and pulmonary metastases were composed of well differentiated adenocarcinoma admixed with foci of leiomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. The sarcomatous components showed reactivity with vimentin and desmin, did not express prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA), and contained myofilaments on electron microscopic examination. Positive staining of the carcinomatous component for PAP and PSA was noted. These findings confirm the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components in primary and metastatic sites, and support the diagnosis of true prostatic carcinosarcoma.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinosarcoma: case report and review of literature. 194 96

Two autopsy cases of leiomyosarcoma of the liver in a 49-year-old female and 63-year-old male are reported. Both of the liver tumors showed electron microscopically dense patches in the cytoplasm and intermediate junctions between the tumor cells, suggesting a smooth muscle cell origin, irrespective of their different histological features. The nature of both tumors was confirmed by positive immunoreactivity for muscle-specific actin in the tumor cells, whereas desmin immunoreactivity was labile in both cases, showing a higher diagnostic value of the former compared with the latter in these leiomyosarcomas. Both cases, showed extensive distant metastases in spite of an evident difference in their mitotic indices, indicating that this index is not reliable for judging the metastatic potential of these tumors.
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PMID:Two autopsy cases of primary leiomyosarcoma of the liver. Superiority of muscle-specific actin immunoreactivity in diagnosis. 195 May 62

Two female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, 10 and 24 years old) developed microcytic anemia and became terminally ill. At necropsy, large gastric masses were present, and, in one case, there were widespread abdominal metastases. Except for slightly atypical patterns, at the light microscopic level, the lesions resembled smooth muscle tumors. Ultrastructurally, however, cells in both tumors resembled primitive mesenchyme, while in one of the tumors, there were some characteristics of Schwann cells. No ultrastructural features of smooth muscle were present in either tumor. Vimentin and S-100 were detected immunohistochemically in both tumors. S-100 staining was more intense in the tumor with ultrastructural features of Schwann cells. Actin and desmin were not expressed in either gastric tumor, but diffusely stained a uterine tumor that was concomitantly present in one of the rhesus monkeys. The uterine tumor also exhibited typical ultrastructural features of smooth muscle. In the past, gastrointestinal stromal tumors in all species were thought to be of smooth muscle origin. Recently in human pathology, this conventional viewpoint has given way to the realization that there is a spectrum of neural crest and mesenchymal tumors. We report two gastric stromal tumors in two rhesus monkeys that histologically resembled smooth muscle tumors but were of neuroectodermal and primitive mesenchymal origin.
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PMID:Gastric stromal tumors in two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). 201 25

In vitro cultures and clonal derivatives have been established from rat rhabdomyosarcomas induced by Moloney-Murine Sarcoma Virus (MSV) or by nickel sulfide; differentiation ability has been studied as expression of desmin, embryonic and adult myosin isoforms, alpha-actin isoforms and cellular fusion. The two rhabdomyosarcoma models showed different levels of myogenic differentiation. Multinucleated myotube-like structures were frequently observed in cultures derived from nickel-induced tumours. Desmin was present in 50-80% of cells and embryonic myosin in up to 10%. In MSV-tumour-derived cultures and in their metastases or clonal derivatives two cell types are present in different ratios: spindle-shaped cells, adherent to plastic surfaces, and rounded cells, loosely attached or floating free in the medium. These cultures showed features of myogenic differentiation (10-80% desmin-positive cells), but embryonic myosin expression and production of multinucleated myotube-like structures were very rare events. Cultures from autochthonous lymph node and lung metastatic cells showed similar patterns of differentiation. Retinoic acid increased differentiated features (myotube formation and embryonic myosin expression) only in nickel-induced rhabdomyosarcoma cells. The two models described here mimic the heterogeneity in differentiation pattern found among human rhabdomyosarcomas. Myogenic differentiation ability was retained at a good level by nickel-induced tumours, whereas it was strongly impaired in MSV-induced tumours.
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PMID:In vitro differentiation of rhabdomyosarcomas induced by nickel or by Moloney murine sarcoma virus. 203 98

We report an unusual case of primary cutaneous embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a solitary skin lesion on the anterior chest of a 20-month-old child. The tumor was characterized by small, round to oval, poorly differentiated cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was negative for NSE, S-100 protein, LCA, and keratin but positive for muscle-specific actin, myoglobin, desmin, and vimentin, thus indicating the presence of myogenous differentiation. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated thick and thin filaments. Special studies showed no evidence of a primary rhabdomyosarcoma in the patient at a more typical location, nor was there any evidence of metastases.
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PMID:Primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma. 220 84

We describe a case of cardiac myxoma in a 44-year-old Japanese man, who died after developing metastases in the skin, brain and muscle. A satellite tumor which was attached to the wall of the abdominal aorta induced marked hypertension due to obstruction of the renal arteries. Although the primary heart tumor had typical histological features of benign cardiac myxoma, the recurrent heart tumor, which was partly resected three months before the patient's death, showed apparently malignant characteristics resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Since the histological features of the initial and recurrent tumors were different, the grade of malignancy was investigated using the cellularity of the tumor as an arbitrary criterion. A gradual but significant increase in the cellularity was observed over the course of five years. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in the muscle metastasis contained vimentin and factor VIII-related antigen, and multinucleated giant cells in the recurrent heart tumor contained desmin, which is rarely detectable in MFH. Therefore, we considered that the present case represented malignant transformation of benign cardiac myxoma.
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PMID:Sequential malignant transformation of cardiac myxoma. 226 Apr 76

135 cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) are presented. It is the largest series of ASPS currently reported in the medical literature. Follow-up clinical data were available in 51 cases. 68 of the patients were male and 67 were female. The mean age of the patients when making the diagnosis was 35.5 years. Most of the tumors were located at the extremities (72.1%), particularly on the thigh and buttock (36.1%). The five year survival rate was 45.9%, the recurrence rate was 47.1%, and the metastatic rate was 35.3%. The most common sites of metastases were the lung, brain and liver. Microscopially, all the tumors gave a typical organoid structure. Electron microscopic study showed special crystals in the tumor cells. 33 cases of ASPS were examined immunohistochemically with 16 kinds of antibodies in order to clarify the histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma. The presence of desmin, actin, myoglobin and myosin suggests the myogenic character of this tumor.
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PMID:[The histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma: a clinicopathological analysis of 135 cases]. 227 3

Twelve cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) were reviewed. Seven of them arose primarily in the lower extremities, three in the head and neck region, and two in other parts. ASPSs in the head and neck region occurred in children before 10 years of age, whereas ASPSs in the other regions occurred in rather older patients. Moreover, ASPSs of the head and neck were relatively small in size, and were diagnosed earlier than those in other regions. Histologically, six cases (including all the head and neck cases) contained considerable area of small and indistinct alveolar structures. Four cases showed remarkable cellular pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical demonstration of vimentin, desmin, the beta-subunit of enolase and the MM isozyme of creatine kinase, together with the absence of immunoreactive cytokeratin, supported the myogenic nature of this rare tumor. A small number of S-100 protein-positive tumor cells were also observed. Follow-up data for these cases disclosed that the tumors containing considerable area of small alveoli and uniform small tumor cells formed distant metastases at an early stage.
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PMID:Alveolar soft part sarcoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases. 236 Apr 59


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