Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum-acid phosphatase as measured by nine different methods, serum prostate-specific antigen, cancer antigen CA-50, and creatine kinase BB isoenzyme have been evaluated and compared with respect to efficiency in differentiating between prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia. The patient material consisted of 92 prostate cancer patients (59 untreated, and 33 previously treated), 106 patients with benign hyperplasia and 66 patients with non-prostatic urological diseases. The cancer group was classified according to the TNM-system, and also graded according to histopathological findings. The following main conclusions were drawn. Acid phosphatase activity, when measured with continuous monitoring procedure (substrate: alpha-naphthyl phosphate), showed on the average slightly, but statistically not significant higher diagnostic efficiency than when measured with conventional two-point discontinuous monitoring method (substrate: p-nitrophenyl phosphate). There was no or only marginal differences in diagnostic efficiency between activity measurements of the total acid phosphatase and the tartrate-labile fraction, and also between activity measurements and immunological measurements (PAP-RIA and PAP-IEA). Prostate-specific antigen was found to have statistically significant higher diagnostic efficiency than acid phosphatase, the former being positive in 17 of 25 patients with prostate cancer without distant metastases, and in six of 11 patients classified as T0-2 M0. Cancer antigen CA-50 and creatine kinase BB isoenzyme appeared to be of little diagnostic value. From a cost-effective point of view, total or tartrate-labile prostatic acid phosphatase activity, as measured by continuous monitoring technique with alpha-naphthyl phosphate as substrate, is suggested suitable as a first-choice parameter both for diagnostic and monitoring purposes with respect to prostate disease. Prostate-specific antigen may give additional information, and should be considered analysed on special request.
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PMID:Diagnostic efficiency of biological markers in blood serum on prostate cancer: a comparison of four different markers and 12 different methods. 242 93

We have compared the concentrations in serum of gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-SM) and prostate specific antigen (PSA), two antigens of prostatic origin that are synthesized independently of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, EC 3.1.3.2), to assess their potential in monitoring prostatic cancer. At presentation, 27/30 (90%) patients with metastases had a PSA concentration greater than 10 ng/mL, and 29/30 (97%) a gamma-SM concentration greater than 10 ng/mL; 21/61 (34%) with disease but without metastases had an abnormal content of PSA, and 23/61 (38%) an abnormal gamma-SM. Concentrations of PSA and gamma-SM were significantly correlated (r = 0.68, p less than 0.001). In 20 patients without metastases followed longitudinally, the median concentrations of gamma-SM, PSA, and PAP in the 13 patients who developed bony metastases or showed signs of local spreading of the tumor were 58 ng/mL, 34 ng/mL, and 2.1 U/L, respectively. The corresponding median values in the seven patients who remained clinically stable were 2.5 and 3.9 ng/mL, and 2.3 U/L. We conclude that either PSA or gamma-SM can warn of disease progression when PAP activities are still within normal limits.
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PMID:Measurements of serum gamma-seminoprotein and prostate specific antigen evaluated for monitoring carcinoma of the prostate. 243 Jul 32

Rabbits were immunized with 10 nm filaments of a mixture of cytokeratins which has been isolated from human heel callus material and reconstituted to filaments in vitro. The antisera to keratins (ASK) have been tested histologically at fixed and unfixed tissue samples by means of the indirect immunofluorescence and PAP technique. The ASK recognized specifically only the epithelial cells of skin, of the mucous membranes of mouth and digestive tract, of salivary glands, sweat gland and mammary gland, but did not react with hepatocytes or kidney cells. The following tumors, tested till now, reacted with the antikeratin antisera: epithelial and lymphoepithelial carcinomas of skin, mouth and digestive tract, carcinomas of salivary glands, mammary gland and thyroid gland, adamantinoma, basalioma of skin, and metastases from carcinomas.
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PMID:[A simple method of preparation of keratin filaments and production of a polyclonal broad-spectrum anti-cytokeratin antiserum for immunohistochemical application in fixed and unfixed epithelial tissues]. 243 56

A 48-year-old male developed gastric cancer (Borrmann III) with lung and liver metastases. Laboratory examination revealed a markedly elevated AFP (24, 241 ng/ml), CEA (9739.8 ng/ml), and CA-19-9 (726U/ml). Nevertheless, he underwent a subtotal gastrectomy for the hemostasis of a bleeding malignant lesion. Histological examination showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. A PAP for an AFP and a CEA disclosed positive staining. In addition, An autopsy revealed metastases to the liver and lungs with a positive result of PAP for AFP and CEA. Further, CA19-9 also was confirmed weakly in these same tissues, histochemically. Therefore this gastric cancer was considered an AFP, CEA, and CA19-9-producing tumor. Gastric cancer with 3 elevated tumor markers in the same patient is rare and its mechanism may elucidate the origin of gastric cancer and the resulting differentiation in the foregut.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of a gastric cancer associated with elevated AFP, CEA and CA19-9]. 245 Feb 14

High levels of ferritin have been detected in serum and tumoral extracts of gastrointestinal neoplasms. However, its histological localization is not well known. An immunoperoxidase technique (PAP) was used for detecting ferritin in 30 colorectal carcinomas, 20 polyps and 8 cases of non-neoplastic mucosae. Ferritin staining was detected in stromal cells (98%) much more than in epithelial cells (21%). Connective cells were positive in 5 cases of normal mucosae (62%), 19 polyps (95%) and all carcinomas (100%). The number of positive cells gradually rose from normal mucosa to carcinoma with an intermediate score in adenomas. However, no relation could be found between the stromal ferritin score and dysplasia in polyps. Likewise, no relation was found between the stromal ferritin score and the differentiation grade, invasion or metastases in carcinomas. The positive epithelial pattern seen in 12 cases (21%) suggests non-specific staining due to passive diffusion from the stroma. Thus, these immunohistochemical findings suggest that in colonic neoplasms, ferritin could be a tumor marker produced mainly by stromal cell reaction more than by the epithelial cells.
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PMID:Ferritin immunohistochemical localization in normal and neoplastic colonic mucosa. 245 93

PSA and PAP are effective immunohistologic markers for prostatic cancer metastases. PSA seems to be more sensitive than PAP for diagnosing metastatic prostatic cancer. Simultaneous determination of PSA and PAP yields an additive clinical value in diagnosing and follow-up of prostatic cancer. The prognostic reliability for disease progression (recurrence and treatment response) seems to be PSA greater than PAP greater than AcidP greater than Alkal. P.
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PMID:Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen--usefulness in the diagnosis of metastatic disease and follow-up. 245 8

In this study, liver metastases from a patient with a pancreatic glucagonoma producing the syndrome have been investigated histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunocytochemically. A comparison has also been made between the metastases and the primary pancreatic tumor investigated in a parallel study. In the metastatic tissue, glucagon-, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-, and somatostatin-containing cells were found together with a majority of cells without any immunoreactivity. Glucagon-positive cells were much more numerous than PP- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells. As in the primary tumor, double immunogold staining of ultrathin sections demonstrated the co-existence of glucagon and PP immunoreactivities in most of the granulated cells, but PP immunolabeling was often faint, so that it probably could not be revealed by the PAP method in light microscopical sections. Such a finding, together with the histological and ultrastructural features, is consistent with an ontogenic and phylogenetic primitiveness of the metastatic cell population.
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PMID:A malignant tumor of the pancreas producing glucagonoma syndrome: immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure of liver metastases and comparison with the primary tumor. 254 78

The authors have studied the prognostic interest of evaluating the prostatic acid phosphatase level before any treatment in 84 cases of stage B and C prostatic cancer. An abnormal PAP level did not significantly modify the 5-year life expectancy of patients, but was significantly correlated with a shorter period of disease-free survival. An abnormal PAP level increased the risk of recurrence; the higher the PAP level, the shorter the disease-free interval was. The disease stage (i.e., B or C) did not modify the 5-year survival period or the length of the remission. The prognosis is worse for a stage B prostatic cancer with a pathological PAP level than for a stage C cancer with a normal PAP level. A pathological PAP level seems to indicate the presence of occult metastases and should incite the clinician to actively investigate the matter.
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PMID:[Prognostic value of prostatic acid phosphatase in stage B and C prostatic cancer. Apropos of 84 cases]. 263 35

Because of its rare occurrence in the human, the endocrinologic and receptor-related aspects of an uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are poorly understood when compared to what is known of, say, human endometrial cancer. Thus, to increase our understanding, we have succeeded, by the string method, in inducing an uterine LMS in the mouse and have studied the possibility of hormonal therapy as a method of treatment. The findings of our study are enumerated as follows: 1. The induced uterine LMS had an estrogen receptor, which was confirmed by a biochemical assay and, morphologically, by a PAP (the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique); 2. The growth of this tumor was significantly inhibited by MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate) therapy (100 mg/kg); 3. After MPA therapy, the estrogen receptor levels were increased, especially in the nucleus; and, 4. The growth of a secondary tumor, transplanted after the initial hormone therapy, was not inhibited by the readministration of MPA. Our results suggest that this experimentally-induced uterine LMS in the mouse provides a useful means to study therapeutic treatment, and may assist in furthering our understanding of human uterine LMS and lead to finding an effective therapy.
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PMID:[Experimental study of the treatment of uterine leiomyosarcoma in the mouse with progestogen]. 297 92

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment of a male Syrian hamster resulted in the development of a renal tumor and its widely scattered serosal metastases. Cells in both the primary tumor and metastatic nodules contained secretory granules. The tumors were transplanted serially into DES-supported and non-DES-supported host hamsters until DES-independent tumors developed. Rabbit antiserum to mouse salivary renin and rabbit antiserum to rat kidney resin were reacted with sections of the primary tumor, metastatic nodules, and all transport tumors. The sections were stained by the PAP and Vector-ABC-AP procedures. Renin-positive material was observed in all tumors. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined for the host hamsters carrying the renal tumor transplants and compared to the PRA values that had been determined for normal non-DES-treated male and female hamsters. It was found that the average PRA values of host hamsters carrying the tumor transplants were significantly higher than the normal PRA values.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical renin study of DES-induced renal tumor in the Syrian hamster. 305 27


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