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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of transoral laser microsurgery of hypopharyngeal carcinomas have been described in previous publications. These are discussed on the basis of literature reports on the therapy used, inclusive of surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The most important parameters of prognosis include neck and distant metastases as well as multiple tumors. In analysing results of laser therapy, prognosis has been better compared to conventional types of therapy regarding loco-regional control and survival rates. Surgical overtreatment in the sense of pseudoradicality, especially when sacrificing parts of the larynx not involved by tumor, is compared to precision surgery employing the operative microscope and the laser. The latter, presupposing the necessary experience and complying with certain precautions, offers high oncological safety in resection of the primary tumor while at the same time preserving functionally important organic structures. The difficulties arising from a comparative assessment of therapeutic results are dealt with in detail. In terms of radiobiology, radiotherapy is generally given early (after about 2 weeks) in regions well supplied with blood and has been found to be very effective. Local immunologic factors concluding minimally-invasive surgery in the neck) can also be responsible for a favorable clinical course of disease, as can psycho-oncological aspects (quick functional rehabilitation as well as reintegration into job and family). The generally accepted, but probably outdated, guidelines for conventional head and neck surgery demanding extremely radical surgery of primary tumors, block resections, etc. must be critically revised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
HNO 1994 Mar
PMID:[Therapy of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Part V: Discussion of long-term results of transoral laser microsurgery of hypopharyngeal carcinoma]. 817 77

Karl Wittmaack, head of the otology department at Greifswald (1904-1908) and professor of otorhinolaryngology at the universities of Jena (1908-1925) und Hamburg (1926-1946) created a unique histological collection of human and animal temporal bones that is thought to be the largest of its kind in the world. The serial sections of more than 1700 human temporal bones still represent current otological problems--many of which are now rare but are still encountered--such as tuberculosis, lues or diphtheria of the ear. Complications following acute otitis--which were much more frequent and dangerous in the pre-antibiotic era--can be studied in detail. There are numerous cases of labyrinthitis, meningitis, sinus thrombosis, brain abscess etc.--complications which must always be borne in mind to this day. The same is true for tumors like acoustic neurinomas or even malignant tumors, metastases, or manifestations of leukemia. Differences in pneumatization or changes of the bone structure as in otosclerosis have been the subjects of studies dating from Wittmaack's time until very recently. In spite of its topicality, the true value of the collection has only be appreciated by a limited group of persons, which may be due in part to difficulties in orientation within this vast amount of material. Although there are catalogues, it may be difficult to find the appropriate preparations for particular questions. Searching for such specimens often requires rummaging through the whole collection, sometimes resulting in damage or loss of slides or handwritten notes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
HNO 1993 Nov
PMID:[The Wittmaack temporal bone collection and possibilities for cataloguing with electronic data processing]. 828 75

It is evident that carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract are increasing. Unfortunately advanced tumor stages prevail when patients enter clinical treatment. The causes for delayed tumor diagnosis are manifold, they can be "organ-, tumor-, patient- and doctor-related". Only by means of a complete and thorough examination, employing both an endoscope and a microscope, as well as by consequent histological classification of visible proliferations of uncertain dignity, an adequate diagnosis and treatment of pre- and early cancer stages can be accomplished. The organ-specific characteristics and organ-independent common features are described with respect to early cancer diagnosis. By presenting the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures applied to early cancer stages, the relative merits of smear cytology and histology (cup forceps vs excision biopsy) are discussed. Ultimately, the detection of clinically occult primary tumors is dealt with by referring to a number of principal signs such as nodes in the neck, secondary otalgia, etc. The possibilities of early detection of neck metastases are pointed out and the importance of panendoscopy for early diagnosis of simultaneous secondary tumors is emphasized. In conclusion, the consequences for improved early cancer diagnosis are presented in detail.
HNO 1993 Jul
PMID:[Early detection of cancer in the upper aerodigestive tract. Part I]. 837 84

In tumor surgery of the oral cavity and oropharynx function and quality of life should be maintained and large resection margins to avoid recurrences. For these purposes the radial forearm flap has proved to be a versatile tissue transfer since it is thin and pliable and has a long vascular pedicle. From 1987 to 1991 we used the radial forearm flap in performing 70 reconstructions of the oral cavity and oropharynx after resection of squamous cell carcinomas. Forty-six patients had carcinomas of the oropharynx, while 24 patients had carcinomas of the oral cavity. The indications for these reconstructions were tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx greater than T2 which after resection were not suitable for primary closure of the defect. Thirty-seven patients died during the follow-up period, with 36% dying within the first 2 years after operation. Fifty-five percent of these patients died of recurrences, 17% of metastases and 11% of intercurrent diseases. In 17% of cases the cause of death was unknown. The 2-year survival probability was 52% (Kaplan Meier). Our results show that reconstructions with the radial forearm flap do not improve survival rates when compared to the general survival rate in these cases despite a possibly larger resection margin allowing a more radical tumor resection. Thirty-one of the 33 patients still alive underwent following examinations. Forty-six percent of the patients with tumors of the oropharynx and 57% of the patients with tumors of the oral cavity had severe difficulties in swallowing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
HNO 1993 Aug
PMID:[Functional results and survival probability of tumor patients after reconstruction of the mouth cavity and oropharynx using a microvascular radial forearm flap]. 840 79

The occurrence of multilocular malignant tumors in the upper aerodigestive tract in young patients with known marijuana abuse has been described by other authors. A case of a 28-year-old man who was known to abuse alcohol, nicotine and cannabis for some years is presented. He suffered simultaneously from a squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx with bilateral cervical metastases, an adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon and a primary hepatocellular carcinoma. This case is the first reported that shows the occurrence of three separate malignant tumors with different histologies in the aerodigestive tract which could be related to a chronic abuse of cannabis.
HNO 1995 Dec
PMID:[3 different malignancies of the aerodigestive tract after chronic abuse of cannabis products]. 858 33

Thirteen per cent of oropharyngeal carcinoma patients (n = 23/178) developed a secondary carcinoma, and 10% of hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients (n = 11/113). The latency time of occurrence of the second carcinoma was 37 months for the oropharyngeal tumors and 25 months for the hypopharyngeal tumors. The main location of the secondary cancers was the oral cavity and oropharynx. Early recognition of secondary cancers by routine follow-up examinations made surgical removal possible in most of the patients. The post-operative survival time for the oropharyngeal lesions was 59 months and was 34 months for the hypopharyngeal cancers. Distant metastases were found in 13% of the patients with oropharyngeal cancers and in 17% with hypopharyngeal cancer and were mainly located in the lungs. After diagnosis of distant metastases patients with oropharyngeal lesions died within 4.5 months and those with hypopharyngeal tumors died within 9 months.
HNO 1996 Mar
PMID:[Distant metastasis and incidence of second carcinomas in patients with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas]. 864 99

Arginine-derived nitric oxide (NO) has been identified in some tumor cell lines and solid human tumors. The effect of tumor cell NO on tumor biology is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of NO production by EMT-6 murine breast cancer cells on tumor cell growth in vitro and subcutaneous tumor growth and experimental pulmonary metastasis in vivo. EMT-6 cells were incubated with endotoxin (LPS, 10 microgram/ml) and interferon-gamma (IFN, 50 U/ml), in the presence or absence of the NO synthase inhibitor, omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 2 mM), and NO production and cell number were assessed 24 hr later. EMT-6 cells were also treated overnight with LPS/IFN, in the presence or absence of L-NAME, washed and injected either subcutaneously in the dorsal flank (n = 40) or via the tail vein (n = 40) of syngeneic BALB/c mice. Two weeks following tumor cell injection, tumor size and number of pulmonary metastases were assessed. LPS/IFN stimulated NO production in EMT-6 cells and inhibited cell growth in vitro by 50%. L-NAME blocked LPS/IFN stimulation of NO production and restored cell growth to near control levels. When injected into BALB/c mice, LPS/IFN-stimulated tumor cells demonstrated a two-fold increase in subcutaneous tumor growth and experimental pulmonary metastases over control cells. L-NAME reduced tumor size and number of lung metastases to control levels, suggesting that tumor cell NO production was responsible for this effect. In summary, LPS/IFN-stimulated NO production in EMT-6 tumor cells inhibits tumor cell growth in vitro, yet paradoxically augments tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.
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PMID:Tumor cell nitric oxide inhibits cell growth in vitro, but stimulates tumorigenesis and experimental lung metastasis in vivo. 866 Nov 71

The process of cancer metastasis consists of multiple sequential and highly selective steps. The vast majority of tumor cells that enter the circulation die rapidly and only a few survive and proliferate to form distant metastases. This survival is not random. Metastases are clonal in origin and are produced by specialized subpopulations of cells that preexist in a heterogeneous primary tumor. Metastatic cells of the murine K-1735 melanoma survive in the circulation to produce experimental lung metastases, whereas nonmetastatic cells do not. After incubation with different cytokines or LPS, nonmetastatic cells exhibit a high level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production, whereas metastatic cells do not. To provide direct evidence for the inverse correlation between the production of endogenous NO and the ability of K-1735 cells to produce metastasis in syngeneic mice, highly metastatic clone 4 cells (C4.P), which express low levels of iNOS, were transfected with a functional iNOS (C4.L8), inactive mutated iNOS (C4.S2), or neomycin resistance (C4.Neo) genes in medium containing 3 mM NMA. C4.P, C4.Neo3, and C4.S2.3 cells were highly metastatic, whereas C4.L8.5 cells were not. Moreover, C4.L8.5 cells produced slow-growing subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, whereas the other three cell lines produced fast-growing tumors. In vitro studies indicated that the expression of iNOS in C4.L8.5 cells was associated with apoptosis. Multiple intravenous injections of liposomes containing a synthetic lipopeptide upregulated iNOS expression in murine M5076 reticulum sarcoma cells growing as hepatic metastases. The induction of iNOS was associated with the complete regression of the lesions. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the expression of iNOS in tumor cells is associated with apoptosis, suppression of tumorigenicity, abrogation of metastasis, and regression of established hepatic metastases.
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PMID:Activation of nitric oxide synthase gene for inhibition of cancer metastasis. 869 Oct 63

In a prospective study 16 patients with cervical lymph node metastases from an occult tumor were analyzed by (18F)FDG positron emission tomography (PET). The aim of this study was to locate the primary tumor. In 7 patients a localized increase in activity was seen on PET, with this site of activity histologically proven in 4 patients. No biopsies were taken in 3 patients in areas with a high risk of complications. In a follow-up procedure at 2-22 months after primary radiation therapy in the other 9 patients, no primary tumor has been identified to date.
HNO 1996 May
PMID:[Positron emission tomography for primary tumor detection in lymph node metastases with unknown primary tumor]. 870 30

A papillary neoplasm that was presumed to originate from the endolymphatic sac was described by Heffner in 1989. This tumor was considered to be a "low-grade adenocarcinoma" because of its behavior: slow growth, local destruction and failure to metastasize. The clinical manifestations are hearing loss, vertigo, facial nerve paralysis and/or cerebellar disorders. Endolymphatic sac tumors have previously been mistaken for such neoplasms as paraganglioma, choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma, adenomatous tumor of the middle ear and secondary metastases. The diagnosis of this neoplasm is facilitated by CT and MRI. The treatment of choice is total removal of tumor as soon as possible and requires clinical awareness of this rare but important pathologic entity.
HNO 1996 Jun
PMID:[Papillary tumor of the endolymphatic sac]. 876 30


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