Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Radioimmunological determinations of the tumour markers CEA, TPA, CA 19-9, ferritin and also osteocalcin were carried out in 250 patients with ablatio mammae for breast cancer over a follow-up period of at least 1 year. Metastases were detected in 49 of the 250 patients. The normal control group comprised 193 healthy persons. CEA proved to be the most valuable tumour marker, but TPA and ferritin were also significantly elevated in metastatic breast cancer. Combined determination of all 3 parameters gave the best results. Additional measurement of CA 19-9 was helpful in only one of the 49 patients with metastases in whom the 3 other parameter were negative throughout. Hence, determination of CA 19-9 appears unnecessary in breast cancer. In progressive disease the markers generally increased and fell again following successful therapy. In a few cases the opposite was found or no changes were observed. Cases with small local recurrence or an additional carcinoma at an early stage did not exhibit increased marker values as compared to patients without metastases. Not infrequently the increase in markers preceded the manifestation of metastases by several months. Very high concentrations of tumour markers signify a poor prognosis. Osteocalcin was elevated in patients with bone metastases, but not soft tissue metastases. In general, however, it paralleled the serum alkaline phosphatase level.
 ...
PMID:[The tumor markers CEA, TPA and CA 19-9 and ferritin and osteocalcin in follow-up studies in breast cancer]. 387 42

Representation of the clinical significance of the tumor markers CEA, HCG-beta and alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) of the basis of the relevant literature and of own studies. As a marker for tumors of the urogenital tract, CEA is at present of very little value as it is too unspecific. HCG-beta and AFP, on the other hand, are important new parameters for both the demonstration of so-called subclinical metastases (staging) and clinical case control, particularly with malignant nonseminomatous tumors of the testicles. Over a period of four years we found in 62 out of 85 patients with nonseminomatous testicle tumors that -- in accordance with the literature -- simultaneous determination by the two markers (85% positive) is decidedly superior to the determination by one marker only. Out of 23 patients with a histologically classified seminoma, one patient (i.e. 4.4%) was HCG-beta positive. So far, the prognostic significance of such findings has generally not been clarified. It is shown here that exclusively "marker-oriented" therapy planning and case control without the clinical examination methods used so far are not yet justified because of the inadequate specificity and sensitivity of these two markers as well as of more recent ones (SP-1, TPA). Nevertheless, HCG-beta and AFP are at present important new methods in the areas of diagnosis (staging), therapy planning and case control as primarily increased marker values, or marker values increased during or after therapy clearly indicate metastasizing or renewed tumor activity, respectively.
 ...
PMID:[CEA, HCG-beta and alpha fetoproteins - clinical significance as tumor markers]. 616 86

The level of serum TPA was determined by radio-immunoassay in 19 healthy subjects and 90 patients with urogenital cancer. The normal level of serum TPA was 86 +/- 24 U/l, and the level of more than 134 U/l was determined positive. The positive rate of TPA was 38.9% in 90 patients, while that of CEA was 25.6%. In 19 patients with bladder tumor and 7 with testicular tumor, the positive rates of TPA were 52.6% and 71.4%, respectively, and the level of serum TPA was high in these positive patients. Considering the low positive rate of CEA, TPA may be a more useful marker than CEA in patients with bladder tumor and testicular tumor. Serial determinations of serum TPA and CEA showed the considerable variation of serum TPA compared with serum CEA and a temporary elevation of serum TPA following radical nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. However, the level of serum TPA fell significantly after the successful treatment in 8 patients (2 with renal cell cancer, 3 with bladder tumor, 1 with prostate cancer, 2 with testicular tumor) and rose sharply with recurrent or metastatic disease in 4 patients (2 with bladder tumor, 2 with testicular tumor). Although there was no correlation between the levels of serum TPA and serum PAP, the level of serum TPA tended to change in parallel with the level of serum AFP or HCG in 3 patients with testicular tumor.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in patients with urogenital cancer]. 672 13

This paper reports the results of studies on the possible role of biochemical markers in monitoring the effects of ionizing radiations and in the follow-up of cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy. Three different case series were analyzed: patients with head and neck cancer, prostate carcinoma and residual thyroid tumors or uptaking metastases (131-Iodine therapy). Serum TPA and amylase were serially determined in patients with head and neck or thyroid cancer to measure the radiation damage to the salivary glands. In the former group a statistically significant correlation between the increase of both molecules and the total dose administered after the first day of treatment (2, 3, 4 or 6 Gy) was observed. In patients treated for thyroid cancer the damage to the salivary glands was revealed by an increase in TPA and amylase serum levels, dependent on the dose of 131-Iodine administered. Moreover, an association was demonstrated between pretreatment values of TPA in patients with head and neck tumors and prognosis: patients with values below the cutoff have significantly higher survival rates than those with higher values. In patients with prostate carcinoma PSA was confirmed to have better diagnostic and prognostic value than PAP. Patients with metastases show an inversion or lack of negative trend in PSA levels observed in the disease-free patients. This precedes the clinical diagnosis of metastases by 1 to 15 months.
 ...
PMID:Marker determination for response monitoring: radiotherapy and disappearance curves. 751 52

A protocol with tumor markers as guidelines to follow up colorectal cancer patients was designed using criteria other than those commonly reported. They included combination of several markers and their dynamic evaluation of three different levels of increase: isolated elevated value (IEV), constant level of elevation (CE), and progressive increase (PI). In a total of 90 patients, the levels of combined serum CEA-TPA and GICA were serially measured, and in 71 of them, CA 72.4 and CA 195 levels were also determined. The tumor markers were measured during the first few months after surgery, and the usefulness of combined CEA-TPA-GICA and other, possibly more favorable combinations was determined in relation to "early" detection of recurrence and development of metastases. In addition the usefulness of conventional radiologic examinations and the impact on patients survival following "early" diagnosis was evaluated. A positive correlation was found between elevated preoperative serum tumor marker levels and the stage of disease. The postoperative variation of high serum CEA values was useful in identifying micrometastases after primary tumor resection. In the "early" diagnosed 14 patients with recurrence during the postoperative follow-up period, the highest sensitivity was found for TPA (87%) and, of the marker combinations, TPA-GICA (93%) with a lead time of 4.6 +/- 5.6 and 5.4 +/- 7.8 months (mean +/- SD) respectively. In nonrelapsed patients, falsely positive results of TPA-GICA (25%) were fewer than those for TPA-CA 195 (31%) and TPA-GICA-CA72-4 (35%). However, TPA-CA 195 and TPA-GICA-CA72-4, based upon their high sensitivity in patients with metastases, seemed in keeping with the effectiveness of TPA-GICA for monitoring of postoperative patients with colorectal cancer. In patients who developed recurrences, PI was more frequently present than IEV. In patients without recurrence, the opposite occurred. CE had less frequently discriminatory capability between these two groups than IEV and PI. Routine radiographic studies were ineffective whereas liver echography with its high sensitivity revealed the first sign of recurrence. Eight (50%) of the 16 relapses (two patients relapsed twice) were suitable for surgery because only one organ with a single metastasis was involved. Three (75%) of the 4 patients with "early" diagnosis of recurrence are alive without evidence of disease 5, 18, and 20 months after the last surgery. The results of this study revealed the importance of "early" diagnosis of recurrence for improved survival of patients with colorectal cancer.
 ...
PMID:Usefulness of CEA, TPA, GICA, CA 72.4, and CA 195 in the Diagnosis of primary colorectal cancer and at its relapse. 775 Jan 6

A 51-year-old patient with severe back pain had undergone resection of a benign cerebellar tumour when aged 15 years. In addition, polycystic kidney disease was diagnosed 24 years ago, bilateral phaeochromocytoma 2 years ago, and for 4 months before the present admission he had been on haemodialysis. The family history indicated autosomal dominant inheritance of the polycystic renal disease. His general condition was found to have deteriorated, he had pain on pressure over the upper thoracic and lower lumbar vertebrae, and the kidneys were enlarged on palpation. There were increased concentrations of calcium (3.01 mmol/l), parathormone (2.0 ng/l), carcinoembryonic antigen (13.5 micrograms/l) and TPA (69 U/l). Computed tomography demonstrated cystic and solid parts of much enlarged kidneys. Biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated clear-cell renal carcinoma. Further information concerning the previously removed brain tumour showed this to have been an haemangioblastoma of the cerebellar tonsils indicating the diagnosis of v. Hippel-Lindau disease. Nine other family members had been affected, but none had the full-blown picture of the disease. The patient died 3 weeks later from the rapidly advancing tumour. Autopsy showed the bilateral renal carcinoma, bilateral phaeochromocytoma and metastases to the sternum, femurs, vertebrae and liver.
 ...
PMID:[The von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Its differential diagnosis from cystic kidneys in adulthood]. 778 10

The two-stage theory of carcinogenesis attempts to reduce a very complex set of data to simple terms: it defines a carcinogen as "an agent that causes a neoplasm by a two-step process involving initiation and promotion". The theory has achieved the status of a paradigm, and all new experiments carried out by two-stage supporters are designed according to its premises and therefore will eo ipso tend to confirm it. Popper's dictum that any scientific hypothesis should be put to the strongest test, namely, by trying to refute it, has rarely (or never) been observed. The two-stage theory was originally based on standard mouse skin-painting experiments. All the original work is grounded on classic skin carcinogenesis, and only later was it extended to also comprise carcinogenesis in other organs, thereby becoming a general theory. On the basis of the same standard skin painting experiments and in accordance with Popper's dictum, the present review shows how the following generally accepted corollaries of the two-stage theory have been refuted: initiation must come first in time; in previously initiated mouse skin promotion always leads to a synergistic increase in tumor crop, whereas complete carcinogens at subthreshold does (regarded as merely initiating) have only an additive effect; the reverse experiment is innocuous; there is a qualitative difference between the effect of initiators and that of promoters; initiators only initiate at low dose levels, but abruptly become rather complete carcinogens at higher doses, promotion must take place over a long period, and repeated exposure without prolonged intervals is essential; pure initiators exist, for example, urethane for the epidermis; pure promoters exist, e.g., TPA; skin inflammation and persistent hyperplasia are essential parts of promotion; increased levels of the enzyme ODC followed by increasing levels of polyamines are casually involved in promotion; the appearance of many dark epidermal cells is a sign of promotion and the dark cells are stem cells from which tumors arise. Carcinogenesis is a very complicated process characterized not only by disturbances in cell cycle control, cell differentiation and/or maturation, but also by changes in the normal ability of cells to respect organ and tissue boundaries. Infiltrative growth and metastases are the most dangerous properties of cancer, and the two-stage theory does not provide an explanation for these two most serious aspects of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Of mice and men: a critical reappraisal of the two-stage theory of carcinogenesis. 901 91

Murine sarcoma cell line (L-1) treated with promoting phorbol ester (TPA) showed decreased content and activity of protein kinase C (PKC) as measured by Western blotting and histone phosphorylation methods. The PKC depleted line (L-1R) produced bigger, tumors after s.c. transplantation into syngeneic mice and more spontaneous and artificial metastases developing after i.v. injection of tumor cells. The in vitro studies revealed decreased: adhesiveness, migratory and invasiveness properties of PKC depleted cells. Negative correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies were found.
 ...
PMID:In vitro and in vivo studies of murine sarcoma cells after prolonged treatment with promoting phorbol ester TPA. 920 Dec 77

In addition to clinical examination and various diagnostic procedures, patients with gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) were also monitored by tumor marker (TM) determination. In total, 202 patients with GIC were postoperatively followed-up. According to in vivo diagnostic procedures, there were 133 (66%) patients without metastases, 63 (31%) patients with distant metastases, 48 (76%) of them with liver metastases, and six (3%) patients with local recurrences. During the 1990-1995 period, they were followed-up by serum TM concentration measurements on 1-8 occasions. At the time of initial diagnosis, TM were determined in a varying percent of the patients: CA 19-9 (100%), TPA (54%), CA 72-4 (49%), IAP (41%), CEA (41%) and AFP (25%). In the group of patients without metastases, the percentage of normal TM values ranged between 73%-100%, and TM sensitivity between 0%-86%. No ideal TM has as yet been discovered either for any malignant disease or for patients with GIC. Therefore, in the follow-up of patients with GIC we suggest the concentrations of at least two instead of only one TM (CA 19-9 and TPA or CEA) to be determined. It is also difficult to choose the best TM among numerous TM kits available on the market and to keep using it during a longitudinal follow-up study.
 ...
PMID:Follow-up of patients with gastrointestinal cancer by tumor marker determination. 920 90

We examined the osteolytic ability of metastatic cells and the role of tumour matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in bone degradation. The histomorphometry of experimental bone metastases of B16/F1 melanoma cells showed that osteolysis was associated with a 90% decrease in osteoclast number and predominance of cancer cells overlaying resorption pits. In vitro, B16/F1 cells and their conditioned medium (CM) degraded 3H-proline-labelled extracellular matrices from osteoblast-like cells and 45Ca-labelled calvariae. Using bone slices, we observed morphological evidence of degradation by B16/F1 cells. A role for tumour MMPs in bone degradation was supported by inhibition of degradation by 1,10-phenanthroline, collagen I degradation by tumour cells and the presence of TPA-inducible M(r) 90,000, 84,000 and 64,000 gelatinolytic, and 54,000 caseinolytic bands in B16/F1-CM. These studies indicate that metastatic cancer cells degrade bone matrix directly and that this is partially mediated by MMPs.
 ...
PMID:Direct osteolysis induced by metastatic murine melanoma cells: role of matrix metalloproteinases. 929 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>