Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of 3 tumourlets (TLs), 81 typical carcinoids (TCs), 14 atypical carcinoids (ACs) (well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, WDNCs) and 24 small cell-intermediate cell carcinomas (SCC-ICCs) of the lung were studied. Histopathological features were correlated with amine and peptide hormone immunoreactivity and with clinical data. All types of tumours expressed general neuroendocrine (NE) markers: Grimelius positivity and chromogranins were detected more frequently in well-differentiated (TLs, TCs) than in less well differentiated tumours [ACs (WDNCs) and SCC-ICCs] whereas neuron specific enolase (NSE) was prominent in the latter tumours. TLs and peripheral TCs were benign, often showing a paraganglioid pattern and frequently expressing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), which is present in the peripheral airways of normal lung. Central TCs were associated with lymph node metastases in 8.5% of the cases, frequently had a trabecular architecture, often associated with human milk fat globule 2 (HMFG2)-positive acinar and rosette-like structures, and were mainly immunostained for the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (alpha-hCG) and serotonin. ACs (WDNCs) were associated with intrathoracic and/or extrathoracic metastases in 57.1% of the cases with a mortality rate of 35.7%. Their histological and cytological features were intermediate between those of TCs and SCC-ICCs. ACs (WDNCs) expressed serotonin and alpha-hCG less frequently than TCs. All SCC-ICCs were surgically treated and displayed a mortality rate of 91.6% with a mean survival of 10.2 months after operation. These tumours were characterized by high expression of HMFG2 and NSE, while the expression of both orthotopic (serotonin, GRP) and ectopic (ACTH) specific NE substances was very low. Since all TCs (either central or peripheral) had a favourable outcome, while about 36% of ACs (WDNCs) were fatal, the latter seem more appropriately designated "well-differentiated NE carcinomas". The differential diagnosis between different NE tumours of the lung is important and is mainly based on morphology. Both panendocrine and specific immunohistochemical markers are helpful in distinguishing the less aggressive, mostly benign varieties from the more malignant varieties.
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PMID:Differential diagnostic patterns of lung neuroendocrine tumours. A clinico-pathological and immunohistochemical study of 122 cases. 137 78

The records of 30 adult patients with Ewing's sarcoma (ES) of bone treated between 1980 and 1990 at the Institut Curie were studied retrospectively; the diagnosis was reevaluated by histological and immunohistochemical analysis, using HNK and anti-neuron specific enolase (NSE) antibodies. The immunohistological analysis disclosed a significant staining of neoplastic cells in only few of our cases and is therefore of limited interest in the diagnosis of ES. Three groups of patients have been considered according to their clinical presentation: axial, peripheric and initial metastatic disease. The global prognosis is poor: the survival rate is 70% after a follow-up period of one year, and 23% after three years. The evolution was severe for patients with pelvic localization and/or initial metastatic disease. In contrast, five of six patients who are currently free of disease after a mean follow-up period of 42 months presented initial peripheric lesion. Four of these six patients were treated by a combination of surgical, chemical and radiation therapies.
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PMID:[Ewing's sarcoma of bone in adults: an anatomic-clinical study of 30 cases]. 139 54

We report the fine needle aspiration cytology findings in six cases of neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas. Three cases were from the pancreas, two from hepatic metastases and one from a peripancreatic lymph node metastasis. The cytologic features that permitted a preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor were: a cellular aspirate; numerous isolated cells and irregular, loose, dyshesive cellular aggregates; minimal nuclear pleomorphism; infrequent mitoses; fine, evenly dispersed nuclear chromatin with occasional inconspicuous nucleoli; a scant-moderate amount of granular, amphophilic, well-defined cytoplasm; clustering of tumor cells around segments of capillaries; and rosette formation. The differential diagnosis includes cells derived from normal pancreatic acini, islet cell hyperplasia, acinic cell carcinoma, well-differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma, metastatic small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung, pancreatic small cell anaplastic carcinoma and malignant lymphoma. The application of immunocytochemistry to cytologic smears can be easily and reliably performed to confirm the neuroendocrine nature of the tumor and identify the specific type of polypeptide hormone or hormones produced by these tumors. Four aspirates showed immunoreactivity for chromogranin, and one was positive for gastrin. Cells of a lipid-rich neuroendocrine tumor were negative for chromogranin; however, the tissue section contained neuron specific enolase, and neurosecretory granules were demonstrated by electron microscopy.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. A cytologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic study. 152 21

90 primary breast carcinomas and 18 metastases were immunostained for c-erbB-2 protein and neuron specific enolase. 30 tumours were c-erbB-2 negative and NSE positive, 23 tumours were NSE negative and c-erbB-2 positive. 1 tumour expressed focal immunoreactivity for both markers. 54 of the 108 tumours (50%) did not express either marker. Hormone immunoreactivity was present in single cells and in small groups of cells in 18 of the 31 NSE positive tumours. Bombesin, neurotensin and prealbumin were present in 4 cases each, followed by beta-endorphin and VIP in 3 cases each, leu-enkephalin in 2 cases and gastrin, serotonin, substance P, glucagon and somatostatin in 1 case each. None of 10 NSE negative breast carcinomas were comprised of cells expressing immunoreactivity for hormones. By immunoelectron microscopic examination the c-erbB-2 protein was shown to be present on the cell membrane, on smooth areas, microvilli and in coated pits. Immunoreactivity was also expressed in vesicles in cytoplasm and along rough endoplasmic reticulum. The study shows that c-erbB-2 protein expression and neuroendocrine activity are present in different tumour cell populations. This supports the hypothesis that the presence of c-erbB-2 protein, indicating an elevated cellular tyrosine kinase activity with stimulation of growth, intracellular Ca++, and phosphatidylinositol derivates, means that the same cell does not need regulation of the same factors by stimulation of peptide hormone receptors. Thus the production of autocrine and paracrine factors is switched off.
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PMID:C-erbB-2 protein and neuroendocrine expression in breast carcinomas. 167 29

Serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) was determined in 159 patients with neuroblastoma at diagnosis and in 183 children of various age groups. We found an age dependence of reference intervals for NSE and defined the 95th percentiles as upper normal limits. The specificity was 91.3% and the sensitivity 73.0%. The incidence of abnormal NSE levels increased with stage. The NSE serum levels were not influenced by histologic differentiation. Neuron specific enolase proved to be a reliable tumor-marker for monitoring the disease. Moreover, abnormal NSE values at diagnosis were of prognostic significance for patients with localized neuroblastoma (stages I-III) and for children with metastatic disease (stage IV), but not for infants with stage IV S. In comparison to catecholamine metabolite determination neuron specific enolase appeared to be a slightly less specific, equally sensitive tumor marker but with prognostic information for children with neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Age dependence and prognostic impact of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in children with neuroblastoma. 189 81

Bone marrow biopsy specimens were evaluated retrospectively in 63 of 88 (72%) patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Significant differences were not found between extensive disease (ED) patients with or without bone marrow metastases in survival nor in nadirs of leucocytes or platelets subsequent to chemotherapy. A panel of antibodies was used to investigate whether immunohistochemical analysis on routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens could detect marrow metastases more effectively than conventional microscopy. In histologically proven marrow metastases and in control SCLC sections a combination of an antibody against cytokeratin 8, 18 and 19 (NCL5D3) and an antibody against neurone specific enolase was validated for detection of metastases. In histologically negative marrow biopsy samples, however, this combination did not yield any additional tumour positive cases. Therefore, histological evaluation of a bone marrow biopsy specimen, even when analysed by immunohistochemistry, does not contribute information relevant for staging, therapy evaluation or prognosis in SCLC.
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PMID:Examination of bone marrow biopsy specimens and staging of small cell lung cancer. 196 46

We report a 16-year-old boy with esthesioneuroblastoma that presented with a unilateral tumor extending to the maxillary sinus and periorbital region. Despite initial therapy with gross resection, 5,682 cGy to the tumor bed and chemotherapy, the patient subsequently had a rapid local recurrence with distant metastases. Immunocytochemical, ultrastructural, cytogenetic, and molecular techniques were performed to determine if this tumor was biologically similar to childhood neuroblastoma. Urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were markedly elevated. Chromogranin and neuron specific enolase immunostaining of tumor cells was positive, as seen in neuroblastoma. Electron microscopic studies showed cells that were closely packed and connected by occasional cell junctions. The cell cytoplasm contained moderate amounts of filaments and microtubules. Numerous electron dense granules were observed; however, these granules lacked distinct nucleoids and generally reacted strongly for acid phosphatase, indicating a lysosomal rather than a secretory function. Tumor cells contained near-pseudotetraploid chromosomes, with all chromosomes represented at least three times, and chromosome 5 was present in multiples of eight. Clonal structural abnormalities included 2q+ and 5q+ and multiple double minutes. Northern blot analysis revealed both c-myc and N-myc expression; however, N-myc amplification was not demonstrated, and c-myc expression appeared increased, unlike cases of rapidly progressive neuroblastoma. These results suggest that despite biologic similarities to neuroblastoma in catecholamine excretion and some ultrastructural features, molecular genetic abnormalities differ in this comparatively aggressive case of estesioneuroblastoma.
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PMID:Cytogenetic and molecular evaluation of clinically aggressive esthesioneuroblastoma. 202 81

One hundred and two bone marrow samples were analysed by histological and immunohistochemical methods for neurone specific enolase (NSE). The biopsies were performed to determine the extent of bone marrow disease in 84 neuroblastomas, nine embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, five Ewing's sarcomas, two cases of Hodgkin's disease and two lymphoblastic lymphomas. Twenty seven (32%) of neuroblastoma bone marrows showed metastases by conventional histological techniques and 33 (39%) after immunohistochemical staining with NSE. Five embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, five Ewing's sarcomas, and two lymphoblastic lymphomas showed bone marrow metastases. Only one of these cases was reactive for NSE. NSE represents a very sensitive immunomarker for the follow up of neuroblastoma and improves detection of bone marrow invasion by neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of neurone specific enolase in bone marrow infiltrated by neuroblastoma. 203 Jan 50

A case of amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus in a 76-year-old woman is reported. A whitish polypoid tumor, measuring 3 x 2 x 2.7 cm, surrounded by black pigmented mucosa, was detected in the middle intrathoracic esophagus. The tumor showed a lobulated surface lined by squamous cell layer, and had epithelioid and polyhedral cells forming alveolar clusters. Melanin pigments or stainability for the dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) reaction were only observed in a few tumor cells. Junctional changes and mucosal melanosis, however, were found freely in the mucosa around the tumor. Many tumor cells showed a strongly positive immunohistochemical reaction for neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100 protein. The patient died of widespread metastases six months after surgery. Further, a review of 106 reported cases of primary esophageal malignant melanoma, including 29 autopsies, was made; the melanomas were found to include 10 of amelanotic type, eight of which had been misdiagnosed at biopsy. Junctional changes could be found in the mucosa over or around the tumor, in four cases, and mucosal melanosis in one. Lymph node metastasis was the most frequently observed development at autopsy regardless of whether the tumor was amelanotic or melanotic. For correct diagnoses of melanomas of the amelanotic type, peripheral mucosal findings, such as junctional changes or melanosis, should be helpful; and, in order to obtain a good prognosis, a careful resection of the regional lymph nodes could prove valuable.
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PMID:Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus: case report and review of the literature. 225 5

Primary neoplasms of choroid plexus are rare. Six morphological variants have been described: papillary, cystic, acinar, mucus-secreting, oncocytic, and anaplastic. The anaplastic variant, the so-called choroid plexus carcinoma, is the rarest of all and can metastasize. The differential diagnosis of the anaplastic variant of choroid plexus neoplasms with adenocarcinomas, melanomas and undifferentiated neoplasms can be troublesome chiefly in adults. The now large use of immunocytochemical techniques in tissue section has become a powerful tool in the analysis of cell lineages, tumoral and non-tumoral. Nevertheless, the choroid plexus neoplasms have shown a complex and a somewhat confusing pattern of antigenic expression. In two choroid plexus carcinomas (one localized in the right lateral ventricle from a boy of 1 year and 9 months old, and the other localized in the left lateral ventricle from a girl of 3 years old) the following antigens were searched (using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex): glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies; cytokeratins of 40-50kDa, cytokeratins of 60-70kDA (callus cytokeratin), neuronal specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein with monoclonal antibodies. The two neoplasms showed immunoreactivity against NSE, S-100 protein and cytokeratin of 40-50kDA. The neoplasm of the boy exhibited glial differentiation having immunoreactivity against GFAP with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
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PMID:[Antigenic expression in human choroid plexus carcinoma: report of 2 cases]. 226 88


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