Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have developed a highly sensitive method for detecting prostate cancer cells using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for prostate-specific antigen gene. Forty-four lymph nodes obtained from 22 patients with prostate cancers were analyzed by RT-PCR to detect metastatic prostate cancer cells. RT-PCR could detect prostate-specific antigen mRNA in five lymph nodes with histologically and/or immunohistochemically identifiable metastases and in four lymph nodes with negative histological and immunohistochemical analyses for metastases. RT-PCR was a more sensitive method than histology and immunohistochemistry in detecting metastatic prostate cancer cells and could be applied for diagnosing micrometastases of prostate cancer to lymph nodes. This highly sensitive RT-PCR will be a relevant tool to allow a more accurate clinical assessment of lymph node metastases of prostate cancer and to understand lymphatic dissemination of prostate cancer biologically.
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PMID:Detection of micrometastatic prostate cancer cells in lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 769 38

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma is a rare neoplasm (comprising about 1% of pancreatic tumours). We studied three cases (61-year-old female; 42-year-old male; 57-year-old male), whose survival after diagnosis ranged from 1 year 2 months to 6 years 8 months. There were widespread metastases in each case. The tumours had acinar, trabecular and solid growth patterns. By immunohistochemistry, pancreatic acinar cell markers including carboxyl ester lipase, pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor and pancreatic phospholipase A2 (group I PLA2) gave a strong positive reaction in all three cases. By electron microscopy, zymogen granules were seen in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells. Immunostaining for prostate-specific antigen was positive in all three cases. Above-normal concentrations of pancreatic PLA2 were measured in the serum of one patient and the values decreased during chemotherapy concomitantly with the reduction in the size of the tumour mass. In conclusion, immunohistochemical demonstration of the secretory products of acinar cells including the new marker pancreatic PLA2 is useful in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Determination of the concentration of pancreatic group I PLA2 in serum may be helpful in the evaluation of therapy.
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PMID:Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Report of three cases. 769 93

One hundred fifty-eight consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were submitted to staging laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy (LPL) at 5 cooperative centers with one or more of the following conditions which were considered as risk factors for nodal disease: clinical stage C (or T3) disease, serum prostate-specific antigen > 20 ng/ml, Gleason sum > 6. The mean number of lymph nodes removed was 11 (range 2-29). Metastases from prostate cancer were found in 41 patients (25.9%). The proportion of lymph node-positive patients increases significantly with the presence of one, two or three of the conditions considered as risk factors (p < 0.00005). The benefit of LPL is limited to the lymph node-positive patients who can be spared a second operation.
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PMID:Benefits and complications of laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for detection of stage D1 prostate cancer: a multicenter experience. 774 55

Death from cancer results from the development of metastases or local progression of tumour. Metastasis and local progression may result from the inappropriate activity of metalloproteinases released by tumour cells or of their regulatory peptides. We have developed quantitative assays for interstitial collagenase, stromelysin 1 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 and 2, which have allowed the study of serum levels of these proteins. Sera from 40 patients with prostatic cancer, stored prior to and after 6 and 12 months' treatment with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist and an anti-androgen were analysed. Levels were compared with two control groups, comprising 21 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and 56 age-matched hospital attenders without arthritis or cancer. Contrasting levels have been found in patients with prostatic cancer as compared with hospital controls without cancer and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with prostatic cancer had higher levels of TIMP-1 and collagenase (P = 0.0001) and lower levels of TIMP-2 (P = 0.003) than controls. Patients with metastatic cancer had significantly higher levels of collagenase than those without metastases (P = 0.02). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had significantly higher levels of stromelysin than either controls (P = 0.002) or patients with cancer (P = 0.008). Serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in combination with collagenase levels was as sensitive as prostate-specific antigen as a marker of metastatic disease. These findings provide a basis for the investigation of the role of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in other malignancies.
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PMID:Serum metalloproteinases and their inhibitors: markers for malignant potential. 808 Jul 38

The unavailability of effective treatment for metastatic hormone-refractory and clinically localized but pathologically unfavorable prostatic carcinoma warrants trial of new and promising treatments. Preliminary studies in patients with metastatic disease have shown (a) subjective but no objective responses to 100 mg coumarin and cimetidine daily; (b) objective responses in 3 of 40 patients treated with 3 g coumarin daily, all of whom had normal performance status and 1 of whom remains with three resolved bone metastases and stable prostate-specific antigen levels after 4 years; (c) toxicity only in bedridden patients. We recently initiated two multi-center trials of 1 g coumarin daily. Metastatic prostatic carcinoma patients of normal performance status were treated in a phase II trial. Patients who had been treated by radical prostatectomy, but had surgical margin, seminal vesicle or lymph node involvement or detectable prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy, were randomized to coumarin or placebo.
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PMID:Coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. 813 2

Indications for laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy prior to radical prostatectomy have not been established. Criteria to predict lymph node metastases were derived from the preoperative evaluations of 164 prostate cancer patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy. Decision analysis was used to determine which criteria would be optimal indicators for laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy prior to intended radical prostatectomy. Besides a digital rectal examination suggesting uncontained tumor, which was the best indication for laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy, the most useful criteria were sonographic tumor volume > or = 3 cc and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > or = 20 ng/mL. If either parameter was met, the sensitivity for identifying patients with pelvic lymph node metastases was 88 percent and the positive predictive value was 42 percent. When both were met, the sensitivity fell to 47 percent but the positive predictive value increased to 67 percent. A combination of Gleason biopsy score and PSA was the best criterion that was independent of transrectal ultrasonography. Using a PSA > or = 15 ng/mL for tumors with Gleason biopsy score > or = 7 or a PSA > or = 25 ng/mL for tumors with a Gleason biopsy score of 5-6 had a sensitivity of 71 percent and positive predictive value of 48 percent for identifying patients with pelvic lymph node metastases. In selecting patients for laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy prior to radical retropubic prostatectomy, criteria with a positive predictive value greater than 39 percent maximize the utility of laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy. Prior to radical perineal prostatectomy, laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy will identify pelvic lymph node metastases that would otherwise be undetected by prostatectomy alone. The sensitivity of selection criteria, therefore, should be increased, as long as the positive predictive value remains above 20 percent.
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PMID:Selection of patients for laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy prior to radical prostatectomy: a decision analysis. 825 1

According to 1992 Cancer Statistics, prostate carcinoma is once again predicted to be the most common cancer in men, exceeding the incidence of lung cancer. In American men, this cancer is estimated to be the second most frequent cause of cancer deaths by site. Although metastases have been reported in practically every organ in the body, prostatic cancer most often metastasizes to bones, regional lymph nodes, and viscera. Although secondary involvement of the larynx by malignant neoplasms arising in contiguous structures is well known, metastatic cancer to the larynx from a prostate carcinoma is rare. This report discusses a unique case that presented with hoarseness resulting from vocal cord paralysis. The diagnosis of the tumor was confirmed by immunoperoxidase stains for prostate-specific antigen.
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PMID:Vocal cord paralysis from prostatic carcinoma metastasizing to the larynx. 840 19

Recently, a novel M(r) 100,000 prostate-specific membrane glycoprotein (PSM) has been detected by the prostate-specific monoclonal antibody 7E11-C5, raised against the human prostatic carcinoma cell line LNCaP. The PSM antigen is expressed exclusively by normal and neoplastic prostate cells and metastases. We now report the molecular cloning of a full-length 2.65-kilobase complementary DNA encoding the PSM antigen from a human LNCaP complementary DNA library by polymerase chain reaction using degenerate oligonucleotide primers. Analysis of the complementary DNA sequence has revealed that a portion of the coding region, from nucleotide 1250 to 1700, has 54% homology to the human transferrin receptor mRNA. The deduced polypeptide has a putative transmembrane domain enabling the delineation of intra- and extracellular portions of this antigen. In contrast to prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase which are secreted proteins, PSM as an integral membrane protein may prove to be effective as a target for imaging and cytotoxic targeting modalities.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of a complementary DNA encoding a prostate-specific membrane antigen. 841 12

We report what we believe to be the first case of metastatic prostate cancer presenting as sclerosing cholangitis. In a 71-year-old man with known prostate cancer and cholestatic jaundice, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed multifocal strictures of both the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary system consistent with sclerosing cholangitis. Review of a liver biopsy and cholecystectomy specimen showed metastases from prostate cancer, which stained positively with prostate-specific antigen. Multiple hepatic metastases from prostate cancer should be included among the conditions that simulate primary sclerosing cholangitis on cholangiography.
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PMID:Metastatic prostate cancer simulating sclerosing cholangitis. 846 18

We describe the case of a man with known prostatic carcinoma and bone metastases who was admitted with jaundice and hepatomegaly. A bone scan showed uptake of diphosphonate by the liver and ultrasound suggested the presence of diffuse metastatic disease. Liver biopsy revealed foci of carcinoma cells in the portal tracts which exhibited positive cytoplasmic staining for prostate-specific antigen, thus confirming the presence of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Case report: accumulation of 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate by liver metastases of prostatic adenocarcinoma. 847 88


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