Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In almost 80% of all skeletal metastases of carcinoma of the prostate, osteoneogenesis by "normal" osteoblasts can be detected in the surrounding tissue. The object of the present study was to perform a quantitative histomorphometric analysis of this local osteoblast stimulation. In tissue with metastases, the relative proportion of osteoid and mineralized bone tissue per unit of volume (Vv = 46%) was three times higher than the norm (Vv = 15%). Although the lamellar spongiosa (Pm = 19%) was only slightly higher than the physiological values (Pm = 15%), a considerable increase in fibrous bone tissue (PFK = 39%) was found (normal value: 1-2%). The volumetric density of the osteoid (POST = 7%) had also increased (normal value: 7%). While the mean width of the trabecula of the lamellar spongiosa was within normal range (dTRAB/LK = 136 microns), appositional accumulation of a 62 microns thick fibrous bone layer resulted in a distinct tumefaction of the trabeculae. The width of the osteoid border (dapp.OST) was 22 microns (normal value: 13 microns). The majority of the activated osteoblasts were 30-150 microns from the neighboring tumor cells.
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PMID:[Stimulation of osteoblasts in skeletal metastases--a quantitative study]. 214 31

In 6 patients with breast cancer - of whom specimens of the primary tumor as well as one of its metastases were available for examination - we demonstrated intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity in expression of activity of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, enolase and pyruvate kinase. Heterogeneity also existed in isozyme composition of pyruvate kinase. The transition of the tumors towards normal surrounding breast tissue showed either a sharp drop in activity, or a gradual decrease in activity, corresponding to pushing margins or infiltrative growth of the tumor as was demonstrated by histologic examination of these specimens. Likewise, the shift towards expression of K isozyme of pyruvate kinase in breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue could be demonstrated.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of glycolytic enzyme activity and isozyme composition of pyruvate kinase in breast cancer. 297 Dec 67

The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, enolase and pyruvate kinase were studied in breast cancer metastases occurring at various sites and compared with the enzyme activities in a series of primary breast cancers. The activities of all enzymes studied were significantly higher in the metastases compared to the primary tumors (p less than or equal to 0.05). However, no changes in the isoenzyme patterns of enolase and pyruvate kinase were observed when the metastases were compared with primary breast cancers. Differences in location of the metastases did not lead to differences in enzyme activities. Our data suggest an association of an increasing rate of glycolysis with tumor progression.
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PMID:Glycolytic enzyme activities in breast cancer metastases. 297 47

Cancer research depends on the use of human cell lines for both the in vitro (culture) and in vivo (xenograft) analysis of tumor progression and treatment. However, the extent to which cultured preparations of human cancer lines display similar properties in vivo, where important host factors may influence tumor biology, remains unclear. Here, we address this question by conducting a functional proteomic analysis of the human breast cancer line MDA-MB-231 grown in culture and as orthotopic xenograft tumors in the mammary fad pad of immunodeficient mice. Using a suite of activity-based chemical probes, we identified carcinoma (human) enzyme activities that were expressed selectively in culture or in xenograft tumors. Likewise, distinct groups of stromal (mouse) enzyme activities were found that either infiltrated or were excluded from xenograft tumors, indicating a contribution by specific host components to breast cancer development. MDA-MB-231 cells isolated from tumors exhibited profound differences in their enzyme activity profiles compared with the parent cell line, including the dramatic posttranscriptional up-regulation of the serine proteases urokinase plasminogen activator and tissue plasminogen activator and down-regulation of the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase. These altered enzyme activity profiles correlated with significantly greater tumor growth rates and metastases for xenograft-derived MDA-MB-231 cells upon reintroduction into mice. Collectively, these data indicate that the in vivo environment of the mouse mammary fat pad cultivates the growth of human breast cancer cells with elevated tumorigenic properties and highlight the value of activity-based protein profiling for identifying proteomic signatures that depict such changes in cancer cell biology.
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PMID:Carcinoma and stromal enzyme activity profiles associated with breast tumor growth in vivo. 1535 43

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), an enzyme producing fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate (F-2, 6-BP), serves as a switch to activate phosphofructokinase-1, and is a critical enzyme for endothelial glycolysis, mediating circadian control of carcinogenesis. Also, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in the progression and prognosis of numerous cancers. However, the role and clinical significance of PFKFB3 and TAMs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not been elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between PFKFB3 expression, CD163+ TAMs infiltration and tumor angiogenesis in OSCC by tissue microarray. Tissue microarrays containing 117 OSCC specimens and 56 matched paracarcinoma tissues were studied by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of PFKFB3, CD163 and CD31 were significantly increased in OSCC specimens as compared with normal oral mucosa (P<0.05), and PFKFB was signifcantly correlated with tumor differentiation and tumor size (P<0.05), and CD163 was significantly correlated with areca nut chewing habit among OSCC tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that PFKFB3 was signifcantly correlated with both CD163 and CD31 (P<0.05), meanwhile CD163 was signifcantly correlated with CD31 (P<0.001), suggesting PFKFB3 may promote angiogenesis in tumor progression and metastases by regulating CD163+ TAMs infiltration in OSCC.
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PMID:Role of PFKFB3 and CD163 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Angiogenesis. 3120 11