Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT, EC. 2.3.2.2. was measured in 173 patients with diseases of the hepatobiliary system (including metastatic cancer) and in 90 patients who were subsequently shown to have primary diseases of other etiology. All patients had been selected because they had abnormal alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase or bilirubin on SMA 12/60 screening. Serum GGT was elevated in 97% of patients with primary hepatobiliary disease. The magnitude of the increase in GGT was variable in all groups and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, even between medical and surgical cases. Moreover, GGT was abnormal in 69 patients who did not have primary hepatobiliary disease (77%), an incidence higher than that for other enzyme tests performed. We conclude that because GGT was more susceptible than other tests to spurious elevation in the absence of hepatobiliary disease and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, it has little value apart from monitoring alcohol abuse and enzyme induction.
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PMID:Lack of value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. 3 86

A retrospective study of the clinical findings and natural history of 140 patients with disseminated malignant melanoma treated at Wayne State University over a ten year period was done. Multiple organ metastases were diagnosed clinically in 78 per cent of all patients and seen at all autopsies. Routine roentgenograms of the chest did not diagnose metastases to the lung in 27 per cent of the patients. The concimitant elevation of alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase enzymes is suggestive of underlying metastases to the liver even with a negative liver scan or normal liver size. Electroencephalography was found to be sensitive in predicting and confirming metastases to the central nervous system prior to clinical manifestation with a 97 per cent accuracy rate in clinically confirmed instances as compared with a 60 per cent accuracy rate with brain scan. Age, sex and primary site of melanoma did not influence the survival once the disease became disseminated. Patients with a disease-free interval of more than six months statistically have a better chance of survival from the onset of systemic metastases, p = 0.001. Patients with a poor performance status of less than or equal to 40 per cent had a median survival period of one month as compared with six months with 90 per cent performance, p = 0.001. Patients who initially presented with metastases to the skin or lymph nodes without other visceral involvement had a 14 month median survival rate as compared with eight months in patients with metastases to the central nervous system only, four months with metastases to the liver and only one month in patients with multiple organ involvement, p = 0.0001.
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PMID:Clinical presentation, natural history and prognostic factors in advanced malignant melanoma. 50 43

The total activity and activity of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase was examined in blood plasma of 56 patients with chronic liver diseases (chronic hepatitis in 27, liver cirrhosis in 23, secondary neoplastic effection of the liver in 6). All the patients with biochemically active forms of liver disease manifested increased the total as well as cytoplasmic enzyme activity, as compared with control group, 57% of the patients manifested simultaneously also increased activity of the mitochondrial isoenzyme. In 13% of the patients with stabilised forms of liver diseases manifested isolated increase of the mitochondrial isoenzyme activity. This might be of importance for the evaluation of the course of the disease. In patients with tumorous metastases in the liver a strikingly high share and activity of mitochondrial isoenzyme was shown.
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PMID:Isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase in chronic liver diseases. 65 44

Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in bone marrow and in cubital vein serum were compared. For patients without cancer, marrow serum LDH attained levels four times as high, and GOT and alkaline phosphatase, levels twice as high as those normal for cubital vein serum; levels of acid phosphatase were the same for both sources. For patients with cancer, significant increase of enzyme levels over reference levels depends on the tumor origin and on the presence and localization of metastases. Marrow enzyme levels may become elevated with or without concurrent elevation in cubital vein serum. Concurrent elevations were found with colonic carcinoma and lymphoid leukemia, and noncurrent elevations, with prostatic cancer, myeloid leukemia, and myeloma. A nonconcurrent elevation of marrow enzymes indicates that the origin of the enzyme is in the marrow, whereas with concurrent elevation, the source of the enzyme may be another organ.
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PMID:Enzymes in peripheral and bone marrow serum in patients with cancer. 98 36

A total of 537 consecutive liver scintiscans were retrospectively reviewed and 80 of them revealed suspicious focal decreased activity in the region of the prota hepatis. Postmortem, surgical, or biopsy correlation was obtained in 40 of these cases: 14 were pathologically negative; 9, cirrhosis or fibrosis; 10, metastases; 3, dilated bile ducts; 1, viral hepatitis; 1, hepatic laceration; 1, falciform ligament cyst; and 1, ruptured gallbladder with abscessed head of the pancreas. Thus, only 42% represented significant disease. Sixty-eight percent of the defects were seen only on the anterior scintiscan. Appearance of the majority of defects was nonspecific. Subjective grading of defects according to size and comparative decrease in density was not beneficial. Elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase, total serum bilirubin, and serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase were nonspecific.
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PMID:Focal porta hepatis scintiscan defects: What is their significance? 118 57

The disposition of total and non-protein-bound etoposide was investigated in 21 cancer patients receiving etoposide and cisplatin combination chemotherapy. Etoposide plasma concentrations were determined using a specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and etoposide plasma protein binding was determined by equilibrium dialysis. The patients had a wide range of renal function (creatinine clearance, 32 to 159 mL/min/m2) and hepatic function (total bilirubin range, 0.3 to 21.5 mg/dL; aspartate aminotransferase [AST] range, 14 to 415 IU/L; serum albumin range, 2.7 to 4.1 g/dL). The mean etoposide total systemic clearance was not different in 15 patients with total bilirubin less than 1.0 mg/dL versus six patients with total bilirubin 1.1 to 21.5 mg/dL (18.7 +/- 5.9 mL/min/m2 v 26.4 +/- 10.7 mL/min/m2; t-test P = .06), with a trend toward higher total clearance in the patients with abnormal bilirubin values. However, the mean clearance of unbound etoposide was significantly lower in patients with increased total bilirubin (220 +/- 90 mL/min/m2 v 135 +/- 61 mL/min/m2; t-test P = .027). The fraction of etoposide unbound (fu) in plasma was significantly higher in patients with increased bilirubin (9% +/- 3% v 27% +/- 15%; t-test P = .002), explaining the trend toward higher total clearance in these patients. Etoposide clearance (total or unbound) in the 14 patients with measurable hepatic metastases was not different from the clearance in the seven patients without hepatic metastases. This study provides an explanation for why patients with increased bilirubin do not have lower total systemic clearance of etoposide, and indicates that such patients have a higher exposure to unbound etoposide. The results of ongoing pharmacodynamic studies of total and unbound etoposide in patients with increased bilirubin will determine the clinical relevance of altered etoposide protein binding.
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PMID:Changes in the clearance of total and unbound etoposide in patients with liver dysfunction. 223 Aug 75

The systemic administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can lead to significant antitumor responses in some patients with metastatic cancer in whom standard therapy has failed. A limitation of this immunotherapy is the toxicity associated with IL-2 infusion. To assess toxicity, we determined aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1), creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2), total bilirubin (TBI), direct bilirubin (DBI), creatinine, urea nitrogen, and C-reactive protein in serum from 21 patients before and during five consecutive days of IL-2 treatment. Ten patients were followed for an additional five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. The IL-2 infusion caused liver toxicity and prerenal azotemia, as evidenced by significant increases (P less than 0.05) of all analytes except CK by day 1. There was a progressive increase in the results (except CK) for these tests until IL-2 treatment was stopped. Seven tests related to liver function (AST, ALT, GGT, LD, ALP, DBI, and TBI) showed increases, but the test results indicated significant improvement and moved toward the baseline value five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. Concentrations of creatinine and urea nitrogen in serum were normal three days after the cessation of IL-2 therapy.
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PMID:Changes in laboratory results for cancer patients treated with interleukin-2. 231 Dec 9

A retrospective analysis was made of 78 patients presenting breast neoplasm with hepatic metastases confirmed by ultrasound. Clinical hepatomegaly was present in 61%. The serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) was elevated in 72%, the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) in 56%, the serum alkaline phosphatase (Aph) in 86%, and the gamma-glutamil transpeptidase (GGT) in 76%. A hypoechogenic multiple nodular pattern (HMN) was observed in 69%, a diffuse hypoechogenic pattern (DH) in 15%, and a mixed multiple nodular pattern (MMN) in 11%. No single nodular pattern was presented in any patient. The univariate analysis showed a better survival rate in patients with a mixed pattern (mean 11 months, range 1-29 months) (p = 0.027). No significant differences were observed regarding the remaining patterns, age, presence or not of hepatomegaly, or altered enzymatic values.
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PMID:Ultrasonic patterns observed in hepatic metastases from breast carcinoma: diagnosis and evolution. 256 48

Alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AsT) assays, as well as ultrasonography are the easiest and least expensive examinations to perform in the diagnosis of hepatic metastases. The 273 patients included in this series had cancer of the digestive tract. The diagnosis of presence or absence of liver metastases was made at surgery and was positive in 38 patients (14 per cent). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn after computing the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of each laboratory determination while the threshold indicating that the value was normal was incremented. The examinations were then compared in terms of Se, Sp, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The threshold was determined on the ROC curve where less false-positive and more true-positive results were shown. According to predictive values, laboratory determinations could be classified in decreasing order of usefulness as: AP, LDH, GGT and AsT. Ultrasonography had a positive predictive value of 68 per cent a negative predictive value of 95 per cent, both figures being higher than those of any laboratory examination. These results suggest that ultrasonography has a higher diagnostic value than any of the enzyme assays in the detection of hepatic metastases. Moreover, ultrasonography provides morphological information which, in case of liver resection, may be useful to the surgeon.
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PMID:[Detection of hepatic metastasis of digestive cancers. Value of enzyme assays and ultrasonography]. 257 89

We assayed serum levels of certain enzymes and tumor markers in patients after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment. Twenty patients had hepatocellular carcinoma and two patients had metastases to the liver from colon cancer. Assays were first done immediately after TAE and were continued for the next 12 days. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT; EC 2.6.1.1, L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; EC 2.6.1.2, L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase), and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; (S)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase) peaked 24 to 48 h after TAE and returned to the base lines in 7 to 10 days. Mitochondrial GOT (mGOT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; EC 1.4.1.2, L-glutamate:NAD+ oxidoreductase) also peaked at the same time after TAE. alpha-Fetoprotein peaked 2 h after TAE and decreased to half of the baseline on day 7. Carcinoembryonic antigen peaked at 24 h and fell at 48 h only in the patients with colon cancer. The total amount of cytosolic GOT, GPT, mGOT, and GLDH released was correlated to the volume of the necrotic mass estimated by computed tomography scans. The correlation coefficients for mGOT and GLDH were r = 0.919 and r = 0.939 (both p less than 0.001), respectively. Assays of mGOT and GLDH may be useful to estimate the volume of the necrotic mass of a hepatoma or metastatic carcinoma in the liver.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activity after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatic neoplasm. 283 50


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