Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe a simple, rapid, and reproducible ion exchange mini-column chromatographic method for the quantitative measurement of biliary alkaline phosphatase in plasma. We have used this method to evaluate a cellulose acetate electrophoretic method, which was used to assess the value of measuring biliary alkaline phosphatase in 85 patients with breast cancer investigated for possible hepatic metastases. Biliary alkaline phosphatase activity was abnormal in 19 of 24 patients (79%) with liver metastases, but abnormalities were also found in 12 of 61 patients (20%) without hepatic metastases; in only 37% of patients with positive test results was this a consequence of liver metastases. For the identification of liver metastases, therefore, the method has useful sensitivity but limited specificity. Neither sensitivity nor specificity was significantly better than that of plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, which was measured concomitantly.
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PMID:Measurement of biliary alkaline phosphatase by mini-column chromatography and by electrophoresis and its application to the detection of liver metastases in patients with breast cancer. 614 Nov 85

The diagnostic value of 7 laboratory parameters for the detection of metastases was investigated in 136 patients with verified breast carcinoma after mastectomy. The post-operative interval was 6 to 80 months (means = 27.5). 61 patients had multiple metastases as determined by physical examination, X-rays, computertomography, sonographic and scan procedures, while the other 75 patients had no evidence of metastases. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) proved to be reliable parameters for the presence of metastases; the combination of these 3 parameters had a sensitivity of 73.0% and a specificity of 94.7% in the detection of metastases. The additional determination of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), blood sedimentation rate (BSR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum iron (Fe) increased the sensitivity of metastases detection to 83.8%, but the specificity decreased to 46.2%.
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PMID:[Significance of laboratory chemical parameters for the detection of metastases in breast cancer]. 614 67

In a retrospective study of 254 women with carcinoma of the breast (mean age 55.4 years) the occurrence of bone pain was compared with results of skeletal scanning, skeletal X-ray examinations and routine biochemical findings. Typical signs of skeletal metastases were found in bone scans of 119 patients, 88 (74%) of whom had bone pain. Alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 54 (45%), LDH in 32 (27%), and gamma-GT in 69 patients (58%). There was a statistical correlation between the number of affected skeletal parts and the absolute level of alkaline phosphatase (P less than 0.001) and of LDH (P less than 0.05). Skeletal scans gave no evidence of bone metastases in 36 patients who had bone pains. In this group of patients alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 4, LDH in 1 and gamma-GT in 12 patients. Routine scanning of 254 patients revealed skeletal metastases in 12% without any clinical symptoms. Bone pain and (or) increased activity of alkaline phosphatase occurred in 91% of patients with skeletal metastases. In our view, bone scan in the postoperative control of breast cancer is justified only after onset of clinical symptoms and (or) if there is an abnormally raised alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:[Is routine bone scanning justified during the after-care for breast cancer?]. 614 14

The patient was a 60-year-old Japanese male. He complained of epigastralgia and right chest pain of 4 month's duration, and general malaise, nausea and vomiting of 2 month's duration. Physical examination revealed on the right third rib a tender mass with a diameter of 2 cm and hepatomegaly with a multi-nodular surface and red palms. There were no signs of carcinoid syndrome, such as cutaneous flushing. Laboratory examinations disclosed certain biochemical alterations; alkaline phosphatase 810 IU/l, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) 2090 IU/l, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 23.5 ng/ml and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 6,800 ng/ml. Both HBs-Ag and HBs-Ab were negative. The patient died in a uremic state, with rapid increases of jaundice and ascites. Autopsy revealed gastric carcinoid with extensive metastases to the liver and the bone marrow. Tumor cells showed argyrophilia but not argentaffinity. Immunofluorescence specific for AFP was positive in the hepatocytes, particularly those adjacent to the metastatic tumor cells but not in the tumor cells, either primary or secondary. 79 cases reported in Japan of serum AFP-positive malignant tumor other than hepatocellular carcinoma and certain other malignancies of germ cell origin are reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein-positive gastric carcinoid with liver metastasis. 616 67

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GT) were determined in three groups of patients: 21 with primary liver carcinoma (PLC), 106 with metastatic liver disease, and 110 with various degrees of alcoholic liver diseases. AFP was elevated in 12 out of 14 with hepatocellular carcinoma but in none of 7 with cholangiocarcinoma. CEA was elevated in 8 of 14 with hepatocellular carcinoma and in 5 of 7 with cholangiocarcinoma. In metastatic liver disease, 83% had elevated CEA greater than or equal to 5.0 micrograms/l, 50% having CEA levels greater than 20 micrograms/l. AFP was moderately elevated in 26% of the patients, the values being less than 100 micrograms/l in all but one. In patients with alcoholic liver disease, 31% had elevated CEA levels greater than or equal to 5.0 micrograms/l; one of these had an extremely high value of 245 micrograms/l. AFP was moderately elevated to less than 100 micrograms/l in only 9%. CEA is a sensitive indicator of metastases: a value above 20 micrograms/l is almost always associated with malignancy. However, the presence of alcoholic liver diseases must be considered in evaluating patients with increased CEA levels. AFP and CEA seemed to be of value in differentiation between primary and secondary liver carcinoma. ALP and GT are also relatively sensitive indicators of malignant liver disease, but they are more unspecific than AFP and CEA.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with primary liver carcinoma, metastatic liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease. 618 10

Among 2175 patients seen over the last three years in a non-specialized department of internal medicine with no intensive care unit, 100 had supranormal serum lactic dehydrogenase activities. These patients' case-reports have been analyzed. Nearly half the patients (47/100) had a malignant disease (cancer or hemopathy). Among the remaining patients, 19 had a hepatic disorder (alcohol hepatitis in 10, viral hepatitis in 8, and isoniazide hepatitis in 1), 7 had a heart disease (heart failure with hepatomegaly in 5, myocardial infarction in 2), and 27 had various other conditions (including hemolysis in 6 and polymyositis en 3). The value of serum LDH assay is obvious in situations other than acute conditions such as myocardial infarction of pulmonary embolism; these are better known and have not been studied here as their prevalence was low among the patients enlisted in our study. In comparison to other enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), transaminases (GOT, GPT) that were also routinely assayed in our patients, abnormal serum LDH activities are much less common and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum LDH activity indicates a serious condition, often with a fatal outcome. The "various other conditions" group includes patients with hemolysis, hepatitis and myositis; the other patients in this group either had severe infectious diseases or died suddenly in the first few days of their hospitalization before diagnosis had been established. Each etiologic group has been analyzed to asses the characteristics of patients with increased LDH activity according to each etiology. Analysis of coincident abnormalities of the other enzymes listed above shows marked differences between etiologic groups; diagnostic accuracy can thus be enhanced in certain conditions. Most patients with malignancies had poorly differentiated tumors, with metastases: 28 had an epithelial tumor, with hepatic and/or bone metastases in 23 cases, 5 had cancer of the liver, 10 had a malignant hemopathy (2 lymphomas, 5 myeloproliferative syndromes, 3 acute leukemias), and 4 had a sarcoma. Cancer of the lung is the most common malignancy (10 cases) and may be responsible for increased serum LDH activity even in patients without metastases. Serum LDH assay is of value for monitoring the course in patients with initially increased activities as it falls under effective therapy and rises during exacerbations.
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PMID:[Value and diagnostic significance of serum lactic dehydrogenase in internal medicine (author's transl)]. 628 24

A cell line from the Walker carcinosarcoma 256 of the rat has been established in suspension culture in medium with 5% bovine calf serum for over 350 generations, with an average population doubling time of 17 h, a plating efficiency of 56%, a colony forming efficiency of 32%, and a good capacity to form colonies in soft agar. The cells are morphologically indistinguishable from those in the solid tumor and ascites as checked by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The karyotype is characterized by a modal number of 65 chromosomes and by the presence of a marker metacentric chromosome. The cells express thymidine kinase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase; are agglutinable by concanavalin A; and can be synchronized by the triple thymidine block. They induce primary tumors, both subcutaneously (solid) and intraperitoneally (ascitic), in the rat; are able to metastasize upon injection by the tail vein; and invade the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. Cells in suspension can be transferred to monolayers, considerably decreasing their tumorigenicity without affecting the other parameters studied, and can be switched back to suspension culture. DNA-mediated transfection showed that DNA from these cells can transform the NIH-3T3 line. Upon growth of the monolayers in a BrdUr-containing medium, a sub-line was established that was cloned into a thymidine kinase-deficient line unable to grow in HAT medium and with properties otherwise similar to those of the parental wild type cells.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of cell lines from the Walker carcinoma 256 able to grow in suspension culture and deficient in thymidine kinase. 646 74

In a total of 1,828 determinations, urinary excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa was studied over a period of three years in 384 patients treated for melanoma or with metastases of malignant melanoma. By serial investigations the excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa was compared to the course of the disease. In the case of small and circumscribed metastases which could be eliminated by surgical treatment, the excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa remained normal. When the disease became generalized, an increase of the urinary excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa prior to the clinical manifestation of the metastases was observed in only four out of 26 cases. In the remaining cases, the increase of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa coincided with the manifestation of metastases, or the excretion of the substance became pathological when the metastases were already conspicuous. In five patients, the urinary excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa remained normal inspite of widespread disease. Therefore, its diagnostic value seems to be similar to that of the "common" laboratory investigations the results of which are only pathological when the disease has already become generalized. Our investigations demonstrate that serial investigations of the urinary excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa only rarely indicate melanoma metastases prior to their clinical manifestation. In cases of early metastasing melanoma, all common laboratory investigations are of limited value. BSR and GGT levels which become pathological very early in the course of the disease are so sensitive that slightly pathological levels may be ambiguous. In these cases, however, pathological levels of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa most probably will indicate a widespread disease.
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PMID:[5-S-cysteinyldopa in the urine - a "tumor test" for malignant melanoma? Comparison with the usual laboratory examinations]. 678 80

Serum hepatic cell-surface enzymes, isoenzymes, and sialic acid levels may be useful adjuncts in detecting early metastatic disease and in evaluating the tumor burden of patients with uveal melanoma. Hepatic cell-surface enzyme concentrations were elevated in the serum of ten patients with uveal melanoma and liver metastasis and in five patients with other hepatobiliary disorders and in 75 control patients. Five patients in the metastatic group (50%) had serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (5-NPD) bands known to be associated with either primary hepatic carcinoma or carcinoma metastatic to the liver. One patient with uveal melanoma without known metastasis had a positive 5-NPD pattern; metastatic disease was subsequently proved. Higher levels of sialic acid were found in the serum of patients with uveal melanoma and metastatic disease (4 mumole/mL) than in controls (2.4 mumole/mL).
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PMID:Metastatic uveal melanoma. Hepatic cell-surface enzymes, isoenzymes, and serum sialic acid levels in early metastatic disease. 684 71

Serum CEA levels were determined in 2095 patients following mastectomy for breast cancer by means of a double antibody 125 I-CEA-radioimmunoassay. 91% of 1462 patients free of metastases had normal levels less than or equal to 3 ng/ml (98% less than or equal to 5 ng/ml). In contrast, 54% of 633 patients with overt metastases had raised values greater than 3 ng/ml (43% greater than 5 ng/ml). The incidence of pathological levels was dependent on tumour burden and metastatic location rising from solitary lymph node disease (6% greater than 5 ng/ml) to skin, lung, bone, liver and multiple organ involvement (60%). CEA levels correlated weakly with total alkaline phosphatase and gamma-GT activities, but not with ESR or bilirubin levels. Of 531 patients followed after surgery and who had 3-18 serial determinations in 3-51 months, 46% without metastases had normal CEA levels as did 41% of 285 patients with metastases. Of the remaining 168 patients with elevated CEA levels, most showed a correlation between rising levels and disease progression, decreasing levels with remission and persistence of fluctuating levels with stationary disease. The CEA test is recommended as a valuable adjunct to monitor the clinical response to chemo/hormo/radiotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations in the management of metastatic breast cancer. 727 99


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