Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred thirty-one cases of conjunctival melanoma in which biopsies had been performed were studied to determine potential factors that might affect outcome in patients with these lesions. Two groups of lesions were identified: those associated with primary acquired melanosis (melanoma with PAM, 98 cases, 74.8 per cent) and those without primary acquired melanosis (melanoma without PAM, 33 cases, 25.2 per cent). The overall mortality rate in the 131 cases was 26 per cent (34 of 131); the mortality rate due to melanoma with PAM was 25.5 per cent (25 of 98), and that due to melanoma without PAM was 27.3 per cent (9 of 33). If PAM was associated with the lesion, the presence of atypical melanocytes within the epithelium (pagetoid invasion) was a sensitive indicator of subsequent metastasis. Tumor thickness may also be useful for predicting subsequent metastases. None of the histologic parameters studied proved useful for predicting outcome in patients who had melanomas without PAM. The presence or absence of nevi had no effect on prognosis.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. 397 96

Certain tumors require platelets for metastases, and many of these aggregate platelets in vitro. We have studied their in vitro interaction by extracting a PAM from SV40-transformed 3T3 fibroblasts. The preparation is enriched with membrane vesicles and requires an intact sedimentable sialolipoprotein for activity. PAM aggregates platelets after a lag period (J Lab Clin Med 93:332, 1979) and requires plasma as a cofactor(s). Two plasma components have been identified with the use of PRP or GFP. The first component shortens the platelet aggregation lag period after preincubation of PAM with plasma at 37 degrees C for 10 min prior to its addition to PRP or GFP and is labile to heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. However, the activated PAM (formed by incubation with plasma at 37 degrees C) is stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min. This labile factor appears to be a component(s) of the complement alternative pathway, since it is inactivated by treatment of plasma with cobra venom or zymosan; and guinea pig PRP deficient in C' 4 can be aggregated by PAM. The second component is a plasma factor that is stable to heating at 56 degrees C. Activated PAM can be sedimented at 100,000 x g. The sediment, when suspended in Veronal buffer, pH 7.4, does not aggregate GFP, however, addition of plasma heated at 56 degrees C restores the platelet aggregation response. Thus a material extracted from SV40 3T3 fibroblasts aggregates platelets in vitro in the presence of two factors: (1) a component(s) of the alternative complement pathway that activates PAM and shortens the platelet aggregation lag period and (2) a heat-stable factor that is required for activated PAM to aggregate platelets.
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PMID:Plasma requirement for the aggregation of rabbit platelets by an aggregating material derived from SV40-transformed 3T3 fibroblasts. 625 81

One hundred and fifty-six patients with extremity melanomas of known level or thickness who were perfused prophylactically with l-phenylalanine mustard (1-PAM) between January 1974 and December 1978 were studied retrospectively to determine the effect of variation of drug dosage and temperature on regional toxicity and disease control. The median drug dosage of 1-PAM for 57 patients undergoing axillary perfusion was 0.85 mg/kg (range 0.48-1.0 mg/kg) and the median dosage was 1.2 mg/kg (range 0.59-1.69 mg/kg) for 99 patients undergoing iliac perfusions. Sixty-five percent of patients achieved a maximum skin temperature of between 101 degrees and 102 degrees F during perfusion. Determinate survival in the entire group was 93% at 5 years; 10% of patients developed positive regional nodes; and 2.5% developed local or intransit metastases. Based on analysis of other series of patients with extremity melanoma with equivalent Clark's level 5-year determinate survival might be expected to be between 65 and 80%. The expected incidence of nodal metastases should be 19.1%-24.0% and the incidence of local and intransit metastases should be 3-6%. While this series suggests a survival advantage for a series of extremity melanomas treated by regional chemotherapy when compared to other series treated by wide excision +/- regional node dissection, the results obtained were independent of dosage of drug administered or maximal temperature attained over the range studied. This suggests consideration be given to exploring other dose ranges of drugs and heat in an effort to achieve equivalent control with lower regional toxicity.
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PMID:Effect of variation of drug dosage on disease control and regional toxicity in prophylactic perfusion for Stage I extremity melanoma. 650 95

This study investigates the incorporation of three intravenously administered radiolabeled fatty acids, [9,10-3H]palmitate (3H-PAM), [1-14C]arachidonate (14C-ACH) and [1-14C]docosahexaenoate (14C-DHA), into lipids of intracerebrally implanted tumor and contralateral brain cortex in awake rats. A suspension of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells (1 x 10(6) cells) was implanted into the right cerebral hemisphere of an 8- to 9-week-old Fischer-344 rat. Seven days later, the awake rat was infused intravenously for 5 min with 3H-PAM (6.4 mCi/kg), 14C-ACH (170 microCi/kg) or 14C-DHA (100 microCi/kg). Twenty min after the start of infusion, the rat was killed and intracranial tumor mass and brain cortex were removed for lipids analysis. Each radiolabel was incorporated more into tumor than into brain cortex. Ratios of net incorporation rate coefficients (k*) into tumor as compared with brain were 4.5, 3.4 and 1.7 for 3H-PAM, 14C-ACH and 14C-DHA, respectively. Lipid radioactivity comprised more than 80% of total tumor or brain radioactivity for each probe. Phospholipids contained 58%, 89% and 68% of tumor lipid radioactivity, and 58%, 82% and 74% of brain lipid radioactivity, for 3H-PAM, 14C-ACH and 14C-DHA, respectively. Incorporation coefficients (k*i) for a phospholipid class (i)--choline phosphoglycerides (PC), inositol monophosphoglycerides (PI), ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (PE), serine phosphoglycerides (PS), and sphingomyelin (SM)--were greater in tumor than in brain for each fatty acid probe, except that values for k*PE and k*PS using 14C-DHA were equivalent. Differences in k*i between tumor and brain were largest for SM and PC and the change in k*PC accounted for 65-90% of the increase in the net phospholipid incorporation rate for each probe. Differences in k*PI, k*PE and k*PS were smaller than those in were smaller than those in k*PC and k*SM, and varied with the probe. Differences in k*i were related to differences in tumor and brain phospholipid composition and metabolism. The results indicate that suitably radiolabeled fatty acids may be used to image and characterize metabolism of lipid compartments of a brain tumor in vivo using positron emission tomography.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1994 May
PMID:Differences in rates of incorporation of intravenously injected radiolabeled fatty acids into phospholipids of intracerebrally implanted tumor and brain in awake rats. 819 96

The objective of the paper was the retrospective evaluation of oncological results after dissection radical (RND), modified (MND) and selective (SND) on cervical lymph nodes in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. On the basis of obtained study results, an answer was sought whether and what prognostic factors in metastases to the regional cervical lymph nodes should influence the choice of therapeutic method, and the survival. The study material comprised 986 patients treated during the period 1970-1991 in the Department of Otolaryngology-PAM in Szczecin due to laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. In this group, apart from treating the primary changes, the cervical lymph nodes were operated on (Neck Dissection-ND). Data concerning the patients were obtained from: a/ case histories, b/ follow-up, c/ correspondence, d/ USC data. Clinical status of cervical lymph nodes, their histopathological state were assessed postoperatively. The patients' survival period after the treatment of carcinoma was estimated too. The occurrence of neoplastic disease recurrence in cervical lymph nodes was also taken into consideration. All data were collected in Personal Computer memory IBC (PC 386). In processing the data use was made of calculating and data base program Medikus. A linear regression model was elaborated for investigating the degree to which certain factors influence the appearance of nodal recurrence. Hierarchy was established for the factors whose influence on the occurrence of recurrence was the strongest. It becomes apparent from the accomplished studies that metastases to the regional cervical lymph nodes occurred most frequently in hypopharyngeal cancers (81.6%). The clinical assessment is burdened with an error claiming 31% of discrepancy as compared to results of histopathological examination (Tab. 3). Occult metastases were recorded in hypopharyngeal carcinoma about 20%, and in glottic one about 13%. It was revealed that the presence of metastases in lymph nodes, an increase affecting the stage of pT and pN reduced the chances of survival in a significant manner (Tab. 7 and 8). The greatest influence on the appearance of nodal recurrence was exerted by the following factors: number of metastatic nodes, size of nodes, component N, mode of treatment. It has been disclosed that the risk of nodal recurrence increases sixfold with the rise of factor N, twofold with the rise of the number of metastatic nodes, and 1,6 fold when the size of nodes increases by 1 cm. No differences were observed in the percentages of survivals following the operative treatment RND and MND, with the stage being N1-2 (Fig. 1). Radiotherapy applied after MND and RND failed to exert any meaningful positive influence on the overall percentage of survivals (Tab. 4). As compared with therapeutic dissection, better oncological results, scored after prophylactic removal of cervical lymphatic system, provide the basis for elective performance of prophylactic procedures in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomata.
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PMID:[An attempt to evaluate prognosis in cases of metastasis from laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma to cervical lymph nodes]. 919 19

Growth Regulated Oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) is an autocrine growth factor in melanoma and is a member of the C-X-C family of chemokines which promote chemotaxis of granulocytes and endothelia through binding to CXC Receptor 2. We found previously that variants of murine squamous cell carcinoma PAM 212 which grow and metastasize more rapidly in vivo constitutively express increased levels of murine GRO-alpha, designated mGRO-alpha, or KC. We have examined the possible role of mGRO-alpha expression in malignant progression of squamous cell carcinoma PAM 212 in homologous BALB/c and BALB CXC Receptor-2 deficient mice. Transfection of the PAM 212 cell line which exhibits low expression of GRO-alpha and malignant potential with a pActin-KC vector encoding mGRO-alpha enabled isolation of PAM-KC expressing cell lines. These PAM-KC transfectants displayed an increased rate of growth and metastasis in BALB/c mice, similar to the highly malignant phenotype observed in spontaneously occurring metastatic variants. Furthermore, the PAM-KC tumors showed an increase in infiltration of host leukocytes and CD31+ blood vessels, consistent with increased CXC chemokine activity. The increased growth of PAM-KC cells was attenuated in CXCR-2 deficient mice, indicating that the increased growth was dependent in part upon host cells responsive to the CXC chemokine. Together, these results show that a CXC chemokine such as GRO-alpha can promote malignant growth of murine squamous cell carcinoma by a host CXCR-2 dependent pathway. Oncogene (2000) 19, 3477 - 3486
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PMID:Growth regulated oncogene-alpha expression by murine squamous cell carcinoma promotes tumor growth, metastasis, leukocyte infiltration and angiogenesis by a host CXC receptor-2 dependent mechanism. 1091 6

The conjunctival nevus is one of the most common benign tumors of the ocular surface. Melanomas are rare; they can arise without a preexisting conjunctival nevus, or due to malignant transformation in case of PAM (primary acquired melanosis). The retrospective study analyzed 70 patients with pigmented lesion of the conjunctiva in period 1996-2006 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, with the aim to determine the frequency of change in size and pigmentation of these benign lesions. Epibulbar pigmented lesions are rare, recognition of their precursors lesions at an early stage is important. Surgical excision is usually effective in eradicating these lesions. Extensive cases of flat primary acquired melanosis with atypia may be managed with mitomycin C. Multifocal and advanced melanoma, especially showing intraocular or orbital invasion, may require exenteration and/or radiotherapy to adequately extirpate the neoplasm locally. However, systemic metastases might have already develop in patients with advanced stage of disease (Fig. 7, Ref 13). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
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PMID:Conjunctival nevus and melanoma. 1797 44

A 59-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy and splenectomy for gastric cancer 14 months before admission. The pathological diagnosis was neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach. Eight months after the operation, systemic chemotherapy with irinotecan and cisplatin was started because of multiple metastases to lymph nodes. After two courses of chemotherapy, renal function continued to decline. Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis with cast formation, where needle crystallization was found. These clinicopathological findings suggested that tumor lysis syndrome was the cause of acute renal insufficiency. Moreover, diffuse, global bubbling and focal segmental spike formation were revealed by periodic acid-silver methenamine stain in the glomerular basement membrane. Electron microscopy showed an infolding of the cytoplasm of podocytes into the basal basement membrane and spotty electron-lucent areas. These ultrastructural findings, but not epimembranous deposits, corresponded with the bubbling on PAM staining. The present case was a rare case of glomerulopathy associated with podocytic infolding, which was not associated with collagen disease but with tumor lysis syndrome.
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PMID:A case report of glomerulopathy-associated podocytic infolding in a patient with tumor lysis syndrome. 1897 61

Metastasis and drug resistance are major barriers for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To explore new therapeutic options, we successfully encapsulated MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a), a potent endogenous tumor suppressor in NSCLC into S6 aptamer-conjugated dendrimer to form lung cancer-targeted gene delivery nanoparticles (PAM-Ap/pMiR-34a NPs). PAM-Ap/pMiR-34a NPs had a diameter of 100-200 nm and Zeta potential of ~30 mV at applied N/P ratio. The aptamer conjugation significantly improved cellular uptake as well as gene transfection efficiency of PAM-Ap/pMiR-34a NPs in cultured NSCLC cells. We showed that PAM-Ap/pMiR-34a NPs enhanced the regulation of targeted genes, BCL-2 and p53 in vitro. In addition, we revealed PAM-Ap/pMiR-34a NPs significantly inhibited cell growth, migration, invasion and induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells compared with non-targeted NPs. The method provided a novel therapeutic strategy for the experimental treatment of NSCLC.
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PMID:Aptamer-Dendrimer Bioconjugates for Targeted Delivery of miR-34a Expressing Plasmid and Antitumor Effects in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. 2640 32