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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extraneural metastases from malignant glioma and glioblastoma are believed to be rare. The most common sites of metastases are lung, lymph nodes, bone, and liver. We recently encountered two patients with glioblastoma multiforme who presented with pain and thrombocytopenia caused by diffuse metastasis to bone marrow. A premortem diagnosis was established in the first patient with the aid of peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of the bone marrow biopsy specimen for glial fibrillary acidic protein, a glial-specific marker. In the second patient glial fibrillary acidic protein staining confirmed the glial nature of the primary brain tumor as well as the metastatic tumor in bone marrow. The first patient also had metastatic nodules on the pleural surface and on the fifth rib. All three metastatic foci had similar cellular morphology, suggesting selection of a population of tumor cells with extraneural metastatic potential.
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PMID:Diffuse bone marrow metastasis by glioblastoma: premortem diagnosis by peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein. 631 36

Seventeen patients with histologically proven pancreatic cancers were studied in order to clarify the relationship of histologic types to plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values. Two cases with marked elevation of plasma CEA values having 6100 ng/ml and 2500 ng/ml, respectively, disclosed histologically acinar cell carcinoma and mixed acinar and ductal cell carcinoma, respectively. Despite of massive hepatic metastases, the other 15 cases with ductal cell carcinoma, including 3 cases with cystadenocarcinoma, adenoacanthoma, and undifferentiated pancreatic cancer, respectively, showed normal or very modest elevation of plasma CEA values. No correlation was obtained between plasma CEA values and several biochemical tests. Two patients with marked elevation of plasma CEA value revealed strong staining in the cancerous areas of the pancreas by using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining technique. These findings suggest that acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas may contribute to increase the circulating plasma CEA value.
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PMID:Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen and acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. 631 61

Cells from the established human myeloid cell lines KG-1, KG-1a, and HL-60, transplanted subcutaneously (sc) into nude mice, developed discrete tumors (myelosarcomas). These myelosarcomas had a host's age-associated pattern of growth identical to that of experimental tumors produced by sc transplantation of cells derived from malignant solid neoplasias. Thus, leukemia cells yielded either localized myelosarcomas at the site of inoculation or a disseminated neoplastic growth after inoculation in adult (more than 4 weeks old) or newborn (1-3 days old) nude mice, respectively. Human myeloid leukemia cells proliferating in the nude mice preserved the human karyotype and a surface antigenic determinant and did not influence the hematopoietic tissues of the host. The KG-1 and HL-60 cell lines consistently attained varying degrees of differentiation along the myeloid series in vitro, and these features were maintained during proliferation in the mice. Furthermore, cells of the variant subline KG-1a, which had a blastic morphology, developed signs of differentiation that were not seen in culture. The presence of readily identifiable markers, such as cytoplasmic granules containing myeloperoxidase, in the cell lines tested makes these models particularly useful for studying the influence of a biological environment on cell differentiation and its influence on tumor growth. These experimental systems are also suitable for investigating the mechanism(s) of metastases and for in vivo experimental therapeutic trials.
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PMID:Local and metastatic growth and in vivo differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells transplanted in nude mice. 632 81

We identified astrocytes in 12 of 14 randomly selected formalin-fixed Paraplast-embedded retinoblastomas, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex of the immunoperoxidase techniques and antibodies to purified glial fibrillary acidic protein. In two of these eyes, both of which had extensive choroidal invasion by retinoblastoma, we found no tumor cells containing glial fibrillary acidic protein. Astrocytes were observed in metastases within the neurologic tissue of the central nervous system in two cases, but were rarely noted in metastatic foci within the subarachnoid space, and were not found in distant metastases to other sites. These findings suggested that although some astrocytes may become incorporated into retinoblastomas from the retina as the neoplastic cells proliferate and the tumor grows, others proliferate in response to the tumor. Although we found foci of cells containing glial fibrillary acidic protein in some retinoblastomas, convincing evidence of glial differentiation from tumor cells was not observed in any of the retinoblastomas we studied.
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PMID:A study of astrocytes in retinoblastomas using the immunoperoxidase technique and antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein. 633 96

The peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique was used to stain for prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in 12 patients with primary tumors and in 12 patients with metastases in whom the nature of the tumor was in doubt after routine histopathological studies. Nine of the primary tumors were positive for both markers and an additional 2 tumors stained for prostate specific antigen only. Six metastatic lesions stained for both markers and a seventh for prostate specific antigen alone. Thus, 11 of 12 primary tumors and 7 of 12 metastases studied were proved to be of prostatic orgin. While the peroxidase staining was sometimes weak and uneven this method, using prostate specific antigen and prostate specific acid phosphatase, allowed for ready identification of metastases. The heterogeneity of the tumors in regard to these 2 prostate markers is demonstrated, and the value of staining for prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen is emphasized.
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PMID:Evaluation of prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in identification of prostatic cancer. 633 42

Immunoperoxidase reaction of appropriately fixed tissue with an antiserum to catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT), as the primary step in the peroxidase-immunoglobulin bridge technique, has been utilized for the localization of COMT in biopsy specimens of human breast neoplasm and its metastases. Our immunocytochemical identification of a strong activity of COMT in all cases studied might have a diagnostic implication in breast cancer.
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PMID:Immunoperoxidase localization of catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) in human breast cancer. 634 77

A sandwich method was developed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-like molecules and immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing immune complexes (CEA-IgG-IC) in human sera. Rabbit anti-CEA ( Dako , FRG) was adsorbed to polypropylene tubes. CEA-like molecules and IgG containing immune complexes bound to the solid phase. They were detected by binding peroxidase-labelled anti-IgG antibodies and quantified by measuring the optical density (OD) at 492 nm after oxidation of orthophenylene diamine. Sera of 68 controls had a mean OD 492 of 1.19 +/- 0.26 (means +/- SD). An extinction of more than 1.97 (means + 3 SD) was judged as elevated. Fourteen of 69 patients after surgical treatment of colorectal carcinoma showed elevated OD 492 up to a value of 3.92. In five patients with benign diseases of colon or rectum normal values were found. In 7 of 41 patients without recurrence or metastases CEA-IgG-IC were elevated although the CEA was normal, and in one case both parameters were elevated. In four of 22 patients with tumor progression CEA-IgG-IC and CEA were elevated, whereas in two cases only CEA-IgG-IC were found.
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PMID:[Demonstration of circulating CEA or CEA-like antigens and immunoglobulin G containing immune complexes in colorectal carcinoma]. 637 76

Twenty-five strictly defined bronchopulmonary carcinoids were studied by light microscopic immunohistochemistry by the peroxidase technique for NSE (neuron-specific enolase), serotonin, and a broad spectrum of neuropeptides. Eighteen cases were also studied by electron microscopy. Twenty-three of the twenty-five cases showed immunostaining for NSE; 24 cases displayed immunostaining for at least two of the hormones tested for; the single case that failed to show hormonal immuno-reactivity was however positive for NSE and had granules by electron microscopy. Serotonin was the most frequently demonstrated hormone followed by bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, leu-enkephalin , alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, somatostatin, substance P, and calcitonin. In several cases, adjacent-step sections stained for different hormones strongly indicated immunoreactivity for more than one hormone in single neoplastic cells. By electron microscopy, all 18 cases studied showed generally abundant neurosecretory granules, which, however, displayed considerable heterogeneity in their size, shape, and density. Twelve of these eighteen cases displayed evidence of squamous differentiation and 10 showed characteristic exocrine lumina. The capability of single neuroendocrine tumors and single neuroendocrine tumor cells to produce more than one immunoreactive hormone is hereby amply confirmed; these broad capabilities are certainly reflected in the heterogeneous granule populations seen by electron microscopy. The synchronous presence of squamous and exocrine features in broncho-pulmonary carcinoids indicates that they too are capable of multidirectional differentiation, which should not detract from their being regarded basically as well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms. The clinical significance of strictly defining bronchial carcinoids is underscored by the fact that of 25 cases followed for 2-13 years, only one developed metastases 9 years postoperatively.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms. I. Carcinoids. 637 57

Although thyroid gland neoplasms are well-recognized entities in dogs, the diagnosis and classification of these tumors often is difficult. In contrast to human thyroid carcinomas, which are predominantly of the papillary or follicular types, a relatively high proportion of the canine tumors contain compact cellular areas and resemble, to some extent, medullary thyroid carcinomas. In order to assess the value of immunohistochemical techniques in the identification and classification of these neoplasms, 21 canine thyroid carcinomas were examined for the presence of thyroglobulin and calcitonin using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Four major patterns of thyroglobulin immunoreactivity were present in the tumors, including diffuse cytoplasmic positive reaction, apical staining in the cells bordering the neoplastic follicular lumens, intracytoplasmic droplet staining, and staining of intrafollicular colloid. All follicular and mixed compact cellular/follicular tumors contained immunoreactive hormone, while only four of six compact cellular carcinomas were thyroglobulin-positive. The extent of thyroglobulin reactivity was consistently greater in tumors of the follicular and mixed patterns than in carcinomas of the purely compact cellular type. Two of four metastases, each of which retained the mixed pattern of the primary tumors, were thyroglobulin-positive. No medullary thyroid carcinomas were identified, but scattered calcitonin-positive cells in one mixed and in one compact cellular tumor were interpreted as entrapped nonneoplastic C cells. Immunohistochemical localization of thyroglobulin should facilitate the diagnosis of canine tumors of suspected thyroid follicular cell origin, particularly those arising in ectopic sites (i.e., heart base) and those presenting as metastases.
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PMID:Thyroglobulin and calcitonin immunoreactivity in canine thyroid carcinomas. 637 99

Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC), serially passaged in vitro or by intraperitoneal injection in DBA/2 mice, exhibit markedly different tumorigenicity and capacity to metastasize. We have attempted to determine whether the differences in tumorigenicity between these two lines of FLC were correlated with any biochemical changes in their cell membranes. Although consistent modifications of FLC membrane gangliosides were detected after FLC multiplied in the peritoneum, the pattern of FLC gangliosides was not a stable characteristic and did not correlate with tumorigenicity. In contrast, analysis of FLC membrane glycoproteins by cell surface labelling techniques (i.e., galactose-oxidase-borohydride techniques and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-fluorography) or by metabolic labelling of glycoproteins with 3H-galactose, revealed consistent differences in the high MW region of the gels between parental in vitro passaged FLC (either 745 or 3Cl-8 cells) and clones derived from in vivo passaged cells. No significant differences in the membrane proteins were detected between in vitro and in vivo passaged FLC when lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-autoradiography were used. It is seen that repeated in vivo passages of FLC resulted in the appearance of different patterns of membrane glycoproteins and that these changes appeared to be associated consistently with the capacity of these cells to grow as tumor ascites and to metastasize to the liver and spleen.
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PMID:Biologic and biochemical differences between in vitro and in vivo passaged Friend erythroleukemia cells. II. Changes in cell surface glycoproteins associated with a highly malignant phenotype. 648 Jan 57


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