Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prediction of early metastases in individual patients has been attempted by combined evaluation of a battery of recognised parameters such as blood vessel invasion (BVI) of tumor cells, Barr body frequency (BBF), plasminogen activator (PA), collagenase, estradiol receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PgR), and peroxidase activity (PRA) in 18 malignant and 3 benign (control) breast tumors. Since breast tumor cells spread through the blood vessels, the cases were divided into BVI (+) and BVI (-) groups. Results show that in the former group, all the cases had poor prognosis and two even had distant metastases within one year. In BVI (-) group, 9 out of 12 appeared to have good prognosis.
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PMID:Prediction of biological behaviour of human breast cancer using multiple parameters. A preliminary study. 299 51

The location, size, geometry and neuropathological findings of anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), gliosarcomas and sarcomas induced by the avian sarcoma virus (ASV) in dogs were compared with images generated using computerized tomography (CT) and real time high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS). Seven AA showed a wide range of findings on CT. Pre-contrast CT scans showed that the tumors could be hyper, hypo, or isodense. Three of seven AA had no contrast enhancement; two of these tumors were also isodense which resulted in a false-negative CT exam. Partial enhancement was seen in one tumor. This resulted in a sensitivity of detection of 72%. Real time HRUS was able to define tumor location, size and geometry of the AA missed or incompletely imaged by CT. All tumors were hyperechoic. Inhomogeneity of the echo pattern was due to hemorrhage, cyst formation, and necrosis within the tumors. Such secondary tumor characteristics were more accurately defined by HRUS compared to CT. Vasogenic edema in the brain surrounding tumors was of low density on CT and hypoechoic or indistinguishable from normal brain on US. Similar findings were seen in six gliosarcomas, two of which were not visualized by either pre- or post-contrast enhanced CT scans (sensitivity of 66%). Sarcomas differed in that they were either hyper or isodense; none were hypodense. The area of increased density matched the tumor geometry and correlated with dense cellularity and reticulin deposition. All 13 sarcomas showed contrast enhancement (100% sensitivity), but in two tumors, contrast enhanced CT underestimated the size of the tumor. Because of the large size and multiplicity of the sarcomas, HRUS imaging was not able to resolve the entire tumor volume because of limited imaging access. Intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) crossed the tumor blood-brain barrier (BBB) only in those tumors in which contrast enhancement was seen. These studies suggest that intraoperative HRUS imaging may be useful in detecting and delineating human AA incompletely visualized by CT.
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PMID:Correlation of neuropathologic findings, computerized tomographic and high-resolution ultrasound scans of canine avian sarcoma virus-induced brain tumors. 303 Dec 28

We examined 2,227 lymph nodes from 100 patients with clinical Stage I cutaneous melanoma for the presence of microscopic deposits of tumor. On examination of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections, none had melanoma. Sixteen nodes from 14 patients had melanoma detectable by an antiserum to S-100 protein in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) assay. The melanomatous nature of these cells was confirmed by their reaction with the melanoma-directed monoclonal antibody NKl/C3. The incidence of occult nodal metastases was highest in patients with deeply invasive and micrometrically thick primary tumors. The incidence of occult melanoma was not increased where additional serial sections were cut and semiserial sections examined. Pitfalls in the identification of occult melanoma cells (OMC) include S-100 protein-positive interdigitating dendritic cells, capsular nevus cells, a minority of sinus "macrophages," and the Schwann cells of node-associated nerves. Thus, we conclude that the incidence of early melanoma metastases in the regional lymph nodes of patients with clinical Stage I melanoma is greater than has previously been appreciated on the basis of assessment of routine hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections. Six of the 14 patients with OMC died of melanoma (41%), as compared to only 18 of 86 patients without OMC (21%; 0.10 greater than P greater than 0.05).
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PMID:Occult tumor cells in the lymph nodes of patients with pathological stage I malignant melanoma. An immunohistological study. 271 94

Expression of the ras oncogene product p21 (ras p21) in benign and malignant human colonic tissues was studied using the monoclonal antibody RAP-5 and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Histologically normal colonic mucosa and hyperplastic mucosa adjacent to carcinomas (transitional mucosa) were found, in most cases, to be negative for reactivity with the antibody or showed weak staining of a few epithelial cells. Similar findings were observed in hyperplastic and juvenile polyps. Of the 145 adenomas studied, 47 (32.4%) showed detectable levels of ras p21 expression. RAP-5 immunohistochemical staining was significantly associated with the degree of epithelial dysplasia (P less than 0.01) and the size of adenoma (P less than 0.05), but not with the histological type. Fifty-four of 70 primary adenocarcinomas (77.1%) were reactive with RAP-5 and usually demonstrated a higher percentage of stained cells and more intense cytoplasmic staining than that observed in adenomas. Although metastases often displayed a similar or even higher levels of ras p21 expression compared with the primary carcinomas, in 10 cases one or more metastatic lesions showed lower levels of ras p21. These results suggest that enhanced ras p21 expression may, at times, occur in the early stages of human colon carcinogenesis but are probably not associated with metastatic tumour progression.
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PMID:ras p21 oncoprotein expression in human colonic neoplasia--an immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody RAP-5. 304 43

A retrospective analysis of 25 primary adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, 16 metastatic pancreatic tumors, 8 cases of chronic pancreatitis, and 3 adult normal pancreas was performed to ascertain the reactivity of monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 to malignant and nonneoplastic pancreatic lesions. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of pancreas were evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques (avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex [ABC] method). Twenty-one of 25 malignant primary tumors were reactive, and all 16 metastatic sites expressed the B72.3 antigen. In contrast, all cases of pancreatitis and normal pancreas were either weakly reactive or nonreactive. Ten malignant and two benign pancreatic fine-needle aspirates provided results similar to those seen with fixed tissues. Because MAb B72.3 has selective reactivity for primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer, it may be of value as a diagnostic adjunct in cytologic examination or for radioimmunodetection of regional and/or distant metastases of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
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PMID:A tumor-associated antigen in carcinoma of the pancreas defined by monoclonal antibody B72.3. 327 79

Immunocytochemical techniques were used to clarify the local inhibitory effects of a streptococcal immunopotentiator, OK-432, against solid malignant tumor growth. Natural killer (NK) cells and fibronectin were chosen as immunostaining markers to demonstrate the antitumor effects. Immunocytochemical staining was performed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. These investigations demonstrated that (1) local administration of OK-432 seems to promote a marked induction of NK cells and fibroblasts around or entering into the cancerous lesions and (2) the cancer cell-killing effect of NK cells and the fibronectin-enriched stromal reaction augmented by the injection of OK-432 suggest at least the possibility of protection against neoplastic growth with invasion and the spread of distant or nodal metastases of solid carcinomas.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical studies on local antitumor effects of streptococcal immunopotentiator, OK-432, in human solid malignant tumors. 328 86

To determine if the amount of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) in human colorectal tumor tissue correlates with the tumor's aggressiveness we immunochemically determined the CSPG levels in colorectal carcinomas at different stages. A total of 50 specimens--4 polyps, 15 stage B tumors, 9 stage C tumors, 12 stage D tumors, 7 liver metastases, and 3 lymph node metastases--were examined. Tumor tissues were extracted with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride containing protease inhibitors. The extracts were serially diluted and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. Reactivity of a chondroitin sulfate-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (CS-56) was determined by biotinylated goat antimouse Ig and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. After comparing tissues from tumors at different stages (classified by the presence or absence of metastasis), we could not find a positive or negative correlation between the amount of CSPG in primary colorectal carcinoma tissues and the tumor's metastatic potential. However, the metastatic foci in the liver or lymph node contained higher amounts of CSPG than the primary tumors did. Immunohistochemical staining of colon carcinoma tissue with CS-56 revealed that CSPG is predominantly localized in fibrotic portions in the tumor tissues. Two-year follow-up studies indicated that a high level of CSPG in primary tumors was not predictive of recurrence.
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PMID:Increased content of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in human colorectal carcinoma metastases compared with the primary tumor as determined by an anti-chondroitin-sulfate monoclonal antibody. 328 48

The reaction patterns of eight antibodies directed against blood group substances A, B and H, respectively, against Lewis B antigen, difucosylated carbohydrate antigens (DFCA), gastrointestinal cancer antigen CA 19-9 (GICA), carcinoma-associated antigen CA-50 and CEA, were studied in 68 rectal carcinomas using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. A pronounced intratumoral antigenic heterogeneity was revealed for most antigens. It thus became evident that an interpretation based upon small preoperative biopsies would be inaccurate. The overall proportion of positive carcinoma cells, however, did not vary much between larger samples taken postoperatively from different regions of the tumours. The intertumoral antigenic variability was also considerable: nearly all tumours had an individual immunohistochemical profile according to the proportions of positive cells. Heterogeneous staining patterns were also present within metastases, and lymph node metastases from the primary tumour in some cases differed completely from each other. The staining pattern did not correlate with Dukes' stage, and degree of differentiation; the expression of any individual antigen, or several antigens in combination.
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PMID:Antigenic heterogeneity and individuality in adenocarcinomas of the rectum and their secondaries. 330 Jul 60

The estrogen receptor (ER) content of 31 surgically removed breast tumors (26 duct carcinomas, one lobular carcinoma, one papillary carcinoma, one colloid carcinoma, one duct carcinoma in situ, and one atypical fibroadenoma) was determined by a commercially available immunocytochemical method (Abbott Laboratories, ER-ICA) on cytologic material obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of surgical specimens. Immunocytochemical staining of cells by a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was evaluated on the basis of the percentage of positive cells and the intensity of staining. An immuno-staining score for cytologic (IS-CYTO) and histologic (IS-HISTO) material was defined and a threshold of positivity determined to facilitate the semi-quantitation of results and the comparison of cases. The results of immunostaining of cytologic material were compared with the evaluation of ER in corresponding tissue samples as determined by the radioligand binding assay using the dextran-coated charcoal procedure (ER-DCC) and by ER-ICA using cryostat sections of frozen tissue. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive test, and test efficiency of ER-ICA in cytologic material as compared to ER-DCC was 96%, 83%, 96% and 93%, respectively. The IS-CYTO was significantly correlated with the IS-HISTO in corresponding histologic material (r = 0.72, P less than 0.001). In conclusion, the combination of ER-ICA with FNAB represents a useful new technique for the evaluation of ER which may be applied to small primary tumors, tumor recurrences, and metastases.
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PMID:Evaluation of estrogen receptors by immunocytochemistry on fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens from breast tumors. 330 9

The differential expression of the ras oncogene product p21 in the primary tumor, regional nodes, and distant metastatic sites in patients with disseminated breast cancer was examined to define the biologic and clinical significance of the ras oncogene in the progression of breast cancer. The avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method was used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 16 patients with metastatic disease. The primary antibody used in this protocol was RAP-5, an anti-p21 murine monoclonal IgG2a. p21 antigen staining was similar in the primary tumor and regional nodes from the same patient (P less than 0.05), but the staining of distant metastases was more variable. Expression of ras p21 was consistently increased in invasive components of the primary tumor as compared with intraductal tumor. In addition, a high level of p21 expression was seen in tumor emboli in lymphatics and blood vessels as compared with contiguous tumor in parenchymal tissue. Although p21 staining is present in aggressive primary breast cancers and most metastatic sites, our findings indicate that markedly enhanced p21 expression is associated with the earlier stages (invasion and dissemination) of aggressive breast cancers.
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PMID:ras p21 expression in the progression of breast cancer. 331 56


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