Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary neoplasms of choroid plexus are rare. Six morphological variants have been described: papillary, cystic, acinar, mucus-secreting, oncocytic, and anaplastic. The anaplastic variant, the so-called choroid plexus carcinoma, is the rarest of all and can metastasize. The differential diagnosis of the anaplastic variant of choroid plexus neoplasms with adenocarcinomas, melanomas and undifferentiated neoplasms can be troublesome chiefly in adults. The now large use of immunocytochemical techniques in tissue section has become a powerful tool in the analysis of cell lineages, tumoral and non-tumoral. Nevertheless, the choroid plexus neoplasms have shown a complex and a somewhat confusing pattern of antigenic expression. In two choroid plexus carcinomas (one localized in the right lateral ventricle from a boy of 1 year and 9 months old, and the other localized in the left lateral ventricle from a girl of 3 years old) the following antigens were searched (using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex): glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies; cytokeratins of 40-50kDa, cytokeratins of 60-70kDA (callus cytokeratin), neuronal specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein with monoclonal antibodies. The two neoplasms showed immunoreactivity against NSE, S-100 protein and cytokeratin of 40-50kDA. The neoplasm of the boy exhibited glial differentiation having immunoreactivity against GFAP with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
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PMID:[Antigenic expression in human choroid plexus carcinoma: report of 2 cases]. 226 88

In order to clarify possible alterations of membrane-, and cytoplasma-glycoconjugates of laryngeal cancer cells in metastatic process, a histochemical study was performed on laryngeal squamous carcinoma, using seven lectins conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP); PNA, UEA-I, WGA, RCA-I, DBA, SBA and MPA. The author studied 32 primary tumors and 32 corresponding metastatic tumors obtained from 32 patients and primary tumors from 8 patients without histological evidence of lymph node metastasis. None of the patients underwent irradiation or chemotherapy before operation. The specimens were provided for routine lectin histochemistry. The present study revealed some significant differences in lectin-binding as follows. Primary tumor vs. metastatic tumor: There was a significant difference in lectin-binding between primary and metastatic cancer cells. 29 (90.0%) of 32 primary tumors were positive for MPA-staining. On the other hand, 21 (65.6%) of 32 metastatic tumors were positive for MPA-staining. There was a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) difference between primary and metastatic tumors with regard to MPA-binding. Primary tumor cells tended to more bind with lectins than with metastatic tumor cells. Well-differentiated primary tumor vs. moderately differentiated primary tumor: There was a significant difference in lectin-binding between these two types of tumors. Of 15 well-differentiated primary tumors, 13 (86.7%) showed SBA binding. The percentage of SBA-binding was significantly higher in well-differentiated tumor than in moderately differentiated primary tumors (50%, 8/16). Keratinization vs. non-keratinization: There was a significant difference in lectin-binding between keratinized and non-keratinized tumor cells in both primary and metastatic lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lectin histochemistry of primary and metastatic tumor cells of laryngeal cancer]. 234 78

Fifty-one patients with muscle-infiltrating bladder carcinoma (T2-T4, N0-3, M0-1) were studied with a new imaging technique using murine monoclonal antibody directed against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A total number of 67 investigations were performed. The intact 111indium-labelled antibody (BW 431/26, Behringwerke Marburg) detected 86% of primary tumours, 93% of local and 75% of distant metastases whether there was an elevated CEA level in serum or not. Immunohistologically (avidin-biotin-peroxidase method) positive frozen tissue sections from tumour biopsies stained with the same monoclonal anti-CEA antibody, thus confirming the presence of the CEA antigen in vitro. The method was of much higher sensitivity in detecting even very small metastases than X-ray computed tomography (86% versus less than 30%). The specificity was in the region of 90%. The response to chemotherapy (MVEC regimen) was shown by repeated studies demonstrating reduced uptake (partial remission) or no accumulation (complete remission) in the second immunoscan. We suggest immunoscintigraphy of bladder tumours and their metastases as an additional method in preoperative staging and postoperative care.
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PMID:Tumour imaging of bladder carcinomas and their metastases with 111indium-labelled monoclonal anti-CEA antibody BW 431/26. 238 85

The efficacy of immunocytochemical staining for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) was studied in aspiration biopsy specimens from 19 patients. Eighteen patients had prostatic carcinoma and one had hyperplasia of prostate. Specimens were obtained from both the primary tumors and metastatic sites. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed on alcohol-fixed cytology smears (some prepared up to 9 years previously) using appropriate antisera followed by an avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex. Results were scored according to the percentage and intensity of positively stained malignant cells. Corresponding histologic specimens were stained and scored in a similar fashion. Correlations were made between the staining characteristics of the tumor markers and grade of tumor, using the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital classification of prostate carcinoma. Overall there was good correlation between cytologic and histologic specimens for the presence of PSA and PSAP, although metastases tended to show fewer positively stained cells than the primary tumor. There was no relationship between tumor grade and percentage of positively stained cells. Ninety-three percent of aspirated primary and secondary prostatic tumors stained positively for PSAP compared with 81% for PSA. In one of 3 patients, negative staining of neoplastic cells by both PSAP and PSA was helpful in confirming the existence of a second primary tumor.
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PMID:Role of immunocytochemistry in diagnosis of prostatic neoplasia by fine needle aspiration biopsy. 242 83

Fifty five formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, pronase-pretreated esophageal carcinomas and their metastatic nodes were studied immunohistochemically with peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for keratins using polyclonal antibody (DAKO), antibody against keratins of keratinocyte (KL1), against high molecular weight-keratin (EY904), and against low molecular weight-keratins (EY902, PKK1). The suprabasal layer of the esophageal epithelium was stained diffusely with DAKO, KL1 and EY902 and faintly or locally with EY904 and PKK1. Esophageal ducts were positive with any antibodies. We classified staining pattern of the esophageal carcinoma according to the localization and proportion of the positive cells in the cancer nests. No significant correlation of the staining pattern was found between the primary lesions and metastatic nodes. The proportion of the EY904-positive cells correlated significantly with the degree of lymph node metastasis, histologic stage, and prognosis by rank correlation method and generalized Wilcoxon test, but not with the depth of invasion nor histologic degree of differentiation. The proportion of DAKO-positive cells correlated significantly only with histologic degree of differentiation. It was supposed that esophageal carcinomas with high molecular weight-keratin had less tendency to metastasize to nodes.
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PMID:[An immunohistochemical study on esophageal carcinomas with various kinds of antikeratin antibodies]. 243 49

Alpha-lactalbumin (AL) has been widely used as an immunohistochemical marker for mammary carcinoma. The authors have investigated the AL reactivity of 36 unselected ovarian epithelial neoplasms using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunoperoxidase technic. In eight serous cystadenocarcinomas, both the primary neoplasm and its metastases were examined. Of the 36 tumors, 7 (19.4%) showed positive staining for AL and 5 were of the serous type. The serous tumors showed moderate to strong staining reaction. Three serous cystadenocarcinomas were AL positive in both primary and metastatic sites, while the remaining five were negative in all sites. One mucinous cystadenoma and one clear cell carcinoma showed weak to moderately positive AL reactivity. There was no good correlation between AL positivity and the presence of malignancy or between AL positivity and tumor grade. In view of the relatively high AL reactivity in ovarian neoplasms, it is advisable to exercise caution in interpreting the presence of AL positivity as specific marker for mammary carcinoma.
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PMID:Alpha-lactalbumin in "common" epithelial tumors of the ovary. An immunohistochemical study. 243 29

Estrogen receptor (ER) immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) was assessed in 400 human breast carcinomas. In all cases, patient's age, tumor size, histological type and Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade, and presence or absence of axillary lymph node metastases and of vessel invasion in tumor borders were recorded. In 310 cases estrogen and progesterone receptors were concomitantly evaluated (dextran coated charcoal method). In 60 of these cases the ER immunoenzymatic assay (ER-IEA) was also assessed. Monoclonal H222sp gamma and peroxidase antiperoxidase procedures (Abbott kit) were applied in frozen sections, tumor imprints, and fine-needle aspirates. A computerized system of image analysis referred to as SAMBA (TITN), permitted a multiparametric quantitative analysis of ER-positive surfaces. With this system, in each tumor, the cellularity, percentage of ER surface versus the total cell surface and versus the epithelial (keratin-positive) surface, integrated optical density, mean optical density, index of the concentration of labeled objects, and integrated optical density histograms, were obtained and correlated to histological and biochemical data. It was shown that (a) ER antigenic sites were heterogeneously distributed in ER-positive tumors, with a specific nuclear localization in epithelial cells; (b) SAMBA 200 multiparametric analysis of the ER sites distribution in tissue was appropriate, accurate, reproducible, and therefore more reliable than the semiquantitative analysis; (c) standardization and complete automation of this method of immunoprecipitates evaluation on tissue section permits daily and routine analysis of a large number of preparations; (d) there was a correlation between ER binding sites evaluation (dextran coated charcoal) and ER antigenic sites immunodetection (ER-ICA and ER-IEA); (e) there was a correlation between the SAMBA evaluation of ER-ICA and other histological prognostic factors such as small tumor size, low Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade; (f) the preliminary SAMBA analysis of ER-ICA in tissue sections, imprints, and fine needle aspirates suggest that fine needle aspirates may not reflect accurately the tumor cell heterogeneity.
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PMID:Multiparametric study (SAMBA 200) of estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay in 400 human breast carcinomas: analysis of estrogen receptor distribution heterogeneity in tissues and correlations with dextran coated charcoal assays and morphological data. 244 56

We and others have previously shown that human melanoma cell lines in culture synthesize alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). We have now studied melanomas from 30 patients for the presence of alpha 2M using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique on histologic sections from paraffin-embedded tissues and primary antibody raised against tumor-associated alpha 2M in rabbits. alpha 2M was detected in 10 of the 30 melanomas studied. In all but 2 cases the presence of alpha 2M was restricted to solitary tumor cells or to solitary foci of tumor tissue. In one case of melanoma almost all tumor cells were positive for alpha 2M, while in the others between 20% and 50% of tumor cells were positive. In all but one of the melanomas, the positivity was characteristic of epithelioid or large-cell type or was confined to this component in melanomas with more than one cell type. In 4 positive cases, differences in the extent of alpha 2M-containing tumor tissue were observed between primary tumor and metastases or metastases from different localizations, with equivocal trend. Clinical follow-up of the melanoma patients suggested that alpha 2M-positively tends to correlate with an unfavorable prognosis.
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PMID:Tumor-associated alpha-2-macroglobulin in human melanomas. 245 69

Recent interest has focused on fucosylated epitopes expressed on human neoplasms. The plant lectin Ulex europus agglutinin, Type I (UEA) binds fucosylated oligosaccharides, while UEA-reactive substances have a tissue distribution similar to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). We sought to determine if UEA reacted with CEA in extracts of fresh primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas and paired normal tissues. The extracts were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose membranes after the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE in 10% polyacrylamide gels. The transfer membranes were then stained with peroxidase-conjugated UEA (UEA-P) or antibody to CEA (CEA-P). UEA-P reacted with a 170-190-kDa band in extracts of 22 of 30 primary tumors, 10 of 12 metastases, but only 1 of 5 villous adenomas. UEA-P generally did not react with normal colon or liver extracts. UEA-P also did not bind to 170-190-kDa molecules in Western transfers of a breast carcinoma metastatic to bowel and a focal nodular hyperplasia of liver. CEA-P displayed similar reactivity and detected CEA in a tumor extract negative for UEA. Fucose blocked binding of UEA-P to Western transfers of tumor extracts. CEA-P reacted with a 170-190-kDa substance in tumor extracts eluted with fucose from a column of immobilized UEA. Thus, UEA reacts with fucosylated oligosaccharides on most, but not all, species of CEA and may be a useful adjunct to anti-CEA immunohistochemistry.
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PMID:Ulex europeus type I agglutinin detects carcinoembryonic antigen in extracts of human colorectal carcinoma. 245 96

The peripheral stromal fibronectin (FN) staining patterns of invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) from 77 women were compared to the aggressivity of the tumors, which in each case had been determined through a complete clinical follow-up and autopsy investigation. Polyclonal, monospecific rabbit antibody to human FN was applied on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining technique. An FN-positive staining reaction was defined as a constant, diffuse, or pericellular demarcation of FN-positive fibers surrounding tumor cells at the invasive border. In lack of such a staining pattern, FN-negative staining was recorded. The FN-positive staining reaction was significantly associated with a low metastatic potential and appeared in a multivarians analysis to be an excellent prognostic factor, which surpassed other known parameters, such as clinical stage, histological type or grade, and lymph node status. 27 out of 31 women, who died without evidence of metastatic spread, had FN-positive IBC (87%) in contrast to women with metastatic disease, where only 15 out of 46 had FN-positive tumors (33%). An extensive histopathological examination of the contralateral breast revealed in this latter group a high rate of second primaries (22/46), which might have been responsible for the metastatic spread. If these women with bilateral IBC were excluded, only three metastasizing tumors with a FN-positive staining pattern remained, suggesting that the prognostic value of the FN-staining pattern along the invasive border of IBC might be even higher than anticipated from this study.
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PMID:Stromal fibronectin staining pattern and metastasizing ability of human breast carcinoma. 245 33


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