Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The capacity of alveolar macrophages from mice injected with a metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma variant, LLC-C3, to regulate T-cell Con A blastogenesis and NK cytotoxicity was studied. During the first 5 days after subcutaneous tumor injection, alveolar macrophages were stimulatory to Con A blastogenesis of normal spleen cells. After 5 days, the alveolar macrophages shifted to become suppressive. The suppressive activity was extensive by day 11, when the primary and metastatic tumor foci were first detectable. The tumor-bearer alveolar macrophages also suppressed NK cytotoxicity. Alveolar macrophage suppressive activity was sensitive to indomethacin, suggesting a prostaglandin-dependent suppressor mechanism. Suppression was not mediated by the production of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide, as it was insensitive to catalase or superoxide dismutase. When normal alveolar macrophages were cultured with LLC-C3 supernatants for over 12 hours, suppressive activity was induced. The results of these studies show that alveolar macrophages of tumor bearers become suppressive with progressive tumor growth and might, thus, facilitate the development of pulmonary metastases.
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PMID:Suppressor alveolar macrophages in mice bearing metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma tumors. 350 Feb 55

In a prospective study the preoperative ultrasonography of 54 cases of carcinoma of the breast was able to predict the pTNM staging precisely in 83.3% for tumor size and in 72.3% for lymphnode metastases. Multicentric-multifocal carcinomas were diagnosed by ultrasonography in 10 of 13 patients, better than by mammography (6 of 13). The CAT scan is indicated only in advanced tumor stages. The preoperative staging by ultrasonography enables with more precision planning and differentiated therapy of the carcinoma of the breast, especially in view of breast-preserving therapy.
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PMID:[Decision aids in determining therapy of breast cancer by preoperative staging using sonography and computerized tomography]. 354 76

The lung, a frequent site of cancer metastases, is also a susceptible target in several models of endothelial injury. In previous studies we have demonstrated that such injury, induced by bleomycin or by exposure to high concentrations of atmospheric oxygen, can facilitate the localization and metastasis of circulating tumor cells. Here we have tested the hypothesis that neutrophil-mediated injury to pulmonary endothelium has a similar effect. In Sprague-Dawley rats, intravenous injection of cobra venom factor resulted in complement activation, rapid sequestration of neutrophils in the lung, and endothelial damage, demonstrated by morphology, and by increased protein content and leakage of intravenous 125I-albumin into bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. When 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled Walker carcinosarcoma cells were injected intravenously during the period of endothelial injury, the pulmonary capillaries contained aggregates of neutrophils and tumor cells 2 h later, and there was a 3-fold increase in pulmonary tumor cell localization after 24 h in treated animals, compared to controls. Enhancement of tumor cell localization was prevented by pretreatment of the rats with catalase or by antineutrophil antisera. When animals were examined 2 weeks after cell injection, treatment groups had significantly more metastatic tumor nodules and a greater area of lung tissue involved by metastatic tumors. We conclude that neutrophil-mediated damage to the pulmonary endothelium can significantly increase the trapping of circulating tumor cells, and is likely to be clinically important since the large vascular bed of the lung is susceptible to host-mediated injury.
Invasion Metastasis 1987
PMID:Effects of neutrophil-mediated pulmonary endothelial injury on the localization and metastasis of circulating Walker carcinosarcoma cells. 359 84

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 has been shown to have selective reactivity for a wide range of carcinomas (colorectal, ovarian, breast, lung, gastric, and endometrial) versus normal adult tissues. 131I-Labeled B72.3 IgG has recently been shown to selectively bind carcinoma lesions when administered i.v. in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. We report here the first direct comparison of i.p. administered [131I]B72.3 IgG to specifically localize metastatic carcinoma. Three of 10 patients studied were negative for tumor detection by both CAT scan and X-ray but were positive for tumor localization via gamma scanning i.p. administered 131I-labeled MAb B72.3 IgG. Direct analyses of biopsy specimens of carcinoma and normal tissues demonstrated ratios of greater than 70:1 (based on percentage of injected dose/mg) for tumor MAb localization versus normal tissues. Specificity of [131I]B72.3 tumor targeting was demonstrated by the concomitant administration of an equal dose of an 125I-labeled isotype identical (IgG1) control MAb. Simultaneous i.p. administration of [131I]B72.3, and i.v. administration of [125I]B72.3 in individual patients demonstrated: peritoneal implants are targeted more efficiently via i.p. MAb administration, and hematogenously spread and lymph node metastases as well as local recurrences are targeted more efficiently by i.v. administered MAb. No antibody toxicity was observed in any patients. Pharmacokinetics of MAb clearance demonstrated that only 10 to 30% of the i.p. administered MAb was found in plasma. These studies thus demonstrate the efficacy of intracavitary MAb administration as well as the advantage of the concomitant use of intracavitary and i.v. administered MAbs for tumor targeting and for potential MAb guided therapy of metastatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Complementation of intracavitary and intravenous administration of a monoclonal antibody (B72.3) in patients with carcinoma. 360 61

The clinical TNM classification system allows improved exchange of information, is an aid in tumor staging and establishing treatment schedules, assists in assessing prognosis and forms the basis of cancer registration. New elements in the last edition of classifications are stage T4, which means a tumor invading the mediastinum, the heart, the great vessels, the trachea, the esophagus, vertebral bodies, the carina or the pleural space, and stage N3, which includes mediastinal, contralateral hilar, scalene and supraclavicular lymph node metastases. Both stages rule out surgical treatment. Mediastinoscopy is advised in the case of lymph nodes in thoracic CAT of greater than or equal to 1.5 cm diameter. There is evidence that most peritumoral infiltrations consist in T lymphocytes, presenting the host's immunological reaction against tumor tissue. In the context of tumor staging such phenomena may be of prognostic significance.
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PMID:[Justification of the TNM classification system in lung carcinoma]. 367 82

Selection modes for surgery were studied in a group of lung cancer patients. Selection is based: on the certain diagnosis of the disease, its histological classification and stage respiratory function tests and the assessment of any surgical indications. A total of 714 lung cancer cases were examined. Of these, 28.4% were at stage 1, 19.8% at stage 2 and 51.8% at stage 3. Only 141 patients or 19.8% of all cases examined were judged fit for radical exeresis. In the absence of metastasis all three stages of epidermoid carcinomas and adenocarcinomas were judged operable. In the case of microcytomas indication to surgery was limited to very few cases and only those in the first two stages. In the presence of metastasis to the hilar lymph nodes, surgery was only indicated where the metastasis was small. Exeresis was also indicated in the presence of single metastases to mediastinal lymph nodes on the same side as the neoplasia especially if these were considered intranodal. The difficulty of precise assessment of metastases to the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes even with the aid of modern techniques like CAT scanning and mediastinoscopy was also noted. In 87 of 141 patients operated it was possible to check the result which was radical in 84 cases. In all, 19 pneumonectomies, 49 lobectomies and 16 bilobectomies were performed. The operative mortality rate was 3.4%. The various surgical indications were also examined in relation to the diverse clinical situations presented by lung cancers. In conclusion the modalities to be followed in order to enhance the value of radical resections in lung cancer are outlined. Above all diagnostic means must be refined to a point where the disease can be staged with maximum precision, patients for surgery must be selected with the utmost care and diagnosis must be as early as possible.
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PMID:[Indications for surgical intervention in patients with pulmonary cancer. Observations on 714 cases]. 370 28

Nine patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome seen at a single referral centre between 1976 and 1981 are presented to highlight changes in the recognition, diagnosis and management of the condition. Less well recognized manifestations such as diarrhoea and features of the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I syndrome are described, and the simplification of the pre-operative diagnosis by the use of both the serum gastrin estimation and the secretin provocation test considered. The problem of tumour localization is discussed with special reference to the newer techniques such as ultrasound, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and CAT scanning, and the value of arteriography confirmed. The striking advances in management during the past few years are stressed with special reference to the role of the H2-receptor blocking drugs. Despite their profound inhibitory effect on both acid secretion and symptoms, all patients with the exception of those with proven metastases or the MEN type I syndrome underwent laparotomy to exclude a resectable lesion. If no resectable lesion was found truncal vagotomy was performed to facilitate acid secretory control post-operatively and H2-receptor blocking drugs continued in a dose necessary to maintain basal acid secretion under 5 mmol/hr.
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PMID:Changing concepts in the presentation, diagnosis and management of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. 613 24

The number, intracellular distribution, and staining characteristics of human hepatocellular peroxisomes that had been made visible by cytochemical staining for catalase were evaluated in biopsies from 75 patients with hepatic, inflammatory, or malignant disease and ten normal individuals. Intensity of staining was found to be proportional to enzymatic activity by microspectrophotometry. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between peroxisomal size and contrast. Peroxisomes were more abundant, and often concentrated in a perinuclear configuration in cholestatic and cirrhotic livers. Decreased peroxisomal staining was common in cholestasis, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and in almost all patients with malignancies, both with and without hepatic metastases.
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PMID:Peroxisomes (microbodies) in human liver: cytochemical and quantitative studies of 85 biopsies. 618 27

Pulmonary dissemination of breast cancer is frequent in those patients who have died of the disease and in those survivors who have not been cured after removal of the breast and X-ray treatment in the advanced states of the disease. When the metastases are identified, they are almost always multiple and bilateral. The appearance of a solitary, late pulmonary coin lesion (metachrone) in someone with breast cancer certainly suggests a pulmonary metastasis, but in fact, it is more likely to be a second cancer than a metastasis, that is, a primary bronchopulmonary cancer. The presence of a solitary pulmonary coin lesion in someone who has or who has had breast cancer, presents therefore certain particular problems. After having controlled by xerotomography or CAT that there is no pulmonary diffusion in either lung, that there is no invasion of other tissues or organs, and after having controlled locally around the breast cancer, then it is imperative to remove the lesion without delay since it is certainly malignant and most probably a second cancer, that is a primary broncho-pulmonary cancer, an adenocarcinoma, detected at an asymptomatic stage. the prognosis of a broncho-pulmonary adenocarcinoma, depends on the precocity of its removal.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of pulmonary round foci detected in one male and eight female patients with breast cancer. Solitary metastasis, a second primary bronchopulmonary cancer or benign round foci? (author's transl)]. 624 93

The evaluation of size and histological type of primary tumors of the lung and of the draining regional lymph nodes needs a very extensive diagnostic program. This means a standardized basic program (case history, physical examination, laboratory diagnosis, X-rays of the chest, cytologic evaluation of the sputum, and bronchoscopy), and further examination depending on the findings in the individual patients (lung scan, mediastinoscopy, needle biopsy, angiography, thoracoscopy, and sometimes diagnostic thoracotomy). Looking for distant metastases it is necessary to investigate the most frequently involved organs: the liver (sonography, scan, CAT scan, laparoscopy), the skeleton (scan, X-ray, biopsy), the central nervous system (CAT scan, electroencephalogram, liquor cytology, myelography), and the retroperitoneal space (sonography, CAT scan). It is absolutely necessary to follow this program in patients with small cell carcinoma. Contrary, in patients with other types of lung cancer the whole diagnostic program is indicated when clinical signs evoke suspicion of metastases. The limits of the different diagnostic procedures are discussed.
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PMID:[Methods and problems in staging bronchial carcinomas]. 625 17


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