Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-eight consecutive patients with liver scan evidence of hepatic metastases (and confirmation by other modalities) had blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase performed within two weeks. In 38% of the patients with small liver metastases, both alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were in the normal range. Even with large metastases present (one or more lesions over 2.5 cm in diameter), 19% of the patients had both enzyme tests within the normal range. Despite the lower cost of these enzyme assays, they failed to detect hepatic metastases in an appreciable portion of our patients.
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PMID:Liver function tests. A study in patients with imaging-demonstrated metastases. 369 34

The major purpose of these studies was to determine whether the expression of isozymes by tumor cells was heterogeneous among tumor cell subpopulations within a neoplasm and whether expression of one or another isozyme correlated with metastatic potential of tumor cells. The expression levels of 40 isozymes were determined in 56 cell lines, many of them clonal, from nine different murine and human tumors. The enzymes chosen for study are involved in nucleotide, carbohydrate and pentose phosphate metabolism, and as such are indicators of the general metabolic and differentiational status of the cell. The tumors studied included two murine and two human malignant melanomas, four murine fibrosarcomas, and one human prostatic adenocarcinoma. The lines isolated from these tumors consisted of cells that are tumorigenic non-metastatic, tumorigenic low metastatic and tumorigenic highly metastatic. Clonally derived cell lines from a given tumor differed in their expression of a number of different isozymes, including adenosine deaminase, creatine phosphokinase-B and lactate dehydrogenase. Different patterns of isozyme expression were observed among different tumor types as well as between tumors of the same type; however, there were no differences in isozyme expression for any enzyme tested that correlated with metastatic ability of tumor cells.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Heterogeneity of isozyme expression in tumor cells does not correlate with metastatic potential. 374 91

A retrospective analysis of 151 patients with breast cancer over 2 years was performed to assess laboratory values as predictors of metastatic disease demonstrated by technetium-99 bone scan. In 105 patients with normal alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values, only one positive bone scan (0.95%) was obtained. If either the AP or LDH value was abnormal, 15 of 29 scans (51.7%) were positive. If both values were abnormal, six of nine patients (66.7%) had positive bone scans. Of 41 patients with either an elevated AP or LDH, 26 (63.4%) were shown to have metastatic breast disease. In our subgroup of 120 consecutive admissions for primary evaluation and treatment of breast cancer, the 95 patients with normal AP and LDH values had 41 negative bone scans and no evidence of distant metastases in any patient. According to these results, we recommend that breast cancer metastatic screening be done by alkaline phosphatase and LDH determinations, and that isotope scans should be reserved for those patients having normal values or symptoms that suggest metastases.
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PMID:A reevaluation of bone scans in breast cancer. 391 16

Excluding patients with bulky stages II or III disease, 73 patients with nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors were evaluated between September 1979 and April 1983 for a protocol omitting retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Patient eligibility required clinical stage I (T1 category) disease based upon normal post-orchiectomy serum tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and lactic dehydrogenase), chest x-ray, ipsilateral lymphangiography, and a computerized tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Of the 73 patients 10 (14 per cent) were entered and followed for more than 2 years (3 had relapse within 7 months but were salvaged with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and chemotherapy). Analysis of failures showed embryonal carcinoma in all 3 patients, with vascular invasion in the primary tumor in 1 and undetected spermatic cord involvement in 1, while 1 had a slower than expected decrease to normal of an elevated human chorionic gonadotropin level after orchiectomy. There were 63 patients (86 per cent) excluded from the protocol for various reasons: 2 (3 per cent) refused treatment, 16 (25 per cent) had suspicious or positive lymphangiography, 22 (40 per cent) had a positive CT scan, 6 (9 per cent) had elevated tumor markers, 3 (5 per cent) were less than 15 or more than 15 or more than 40 years old, 8 (13 per cent) had had a prior orchiopexy or scrotal violation, 4 (6 per cent) had extension to the spermatic cord and 2 (3 per cent) were unavailable for monthly followup. These 63 patients underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and 36 (57 per cent) had negative and 27 (43 per cent) had positive nodes (8 had stage N1, 10 stage N2A, 6 stage N2B and 3 stage N3 disease). Average interval from orchiectomy to final staging was 6 weeks. The results suggest that assessment of local tumor extent and potential sites of metastases via all available means are necessary in an effort to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence in patients who are followed expectantly.
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PMID:Selection of testicular tumor patients for omission of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. 394 94

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values were determined in 200 patients suffering from various neurological diseases. We found no relationship between CEA levels and age or sex. A positive test was defined as an upper limit of at least 4.0 ng/mL of CEA. We found raised CSF CEA levels in patients with leptomeningeal spread from carcinoma, but not in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from lymphoma. We also found high values of CSF CEA in three of 21 patients with epidural metastases and in two of 28 patients with cerebral metastases from solid tumors. Comparison was made with the CSF levels of total protein, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase. The sensitivity of the CSF CEA determination in patients for the presence of leptomeningeal involvement of cancer is 31% and the specificity is 90%.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic and nonmetastatic neurological diseases. 394 76

Primary breast cancers from 85 patients undergoing post-surgical adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed for five glycolytic enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); phosphohexose isomerase (PHI); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD); pyruvate-kinase (PK); and 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether biochemical parameters could offer a prognostic index to determine outcome of therapy. The patients were followed up to a maximum of 54 months; during this period 30 of them developed recurrent or metastatic disease. The enzyme activities were expressed by the three following reference parameters: units/g proteins, units/g tissue weight and units/mg DNA. Two methods of analysis were compared: firstly, univariate analysis using life tables; and secondly, multivariate analysis using the Cox's model, where enzyme levels were tested for each mode of expression in addition to node status, histological features, receptor and menopausal status. Life table analyses appear limited when subsets of patients were studied because the sample size tends to become too small to warrant firm conclusions. Using the Cox's model, a prognostic index 1 was proposed, including the number of involved nodes and the product of logarithms of G-6PD and 6-PGD expressed as units/mg DNA. Compared to the number of involved nodes, this index gives a slightly better discrimination of the patients at 2 yr after mastectomy.
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PMID:Tissue glycolytic enzymes in primary breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. 395 56

beta-Glucuronidase activities were determined in cerebrospinal fluid from 249 patients suffering from various neurological diseases. Reference values were established as 9-27 mU/l. Marked elevations of cerebrospinal beta-glucuronidase activities were observed in patients with bacterial and carcinomatous meningitis. Slight elevations of cerebrospinal beta-glucuronidase activities were observed in epidural and parenchymal metastases from solid tumours. Comparison was made with the determination of total protein, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase in cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal beta-glucuronidase activity appeared the most useful test in monitoring patients at risk in developing meningeal metastases from solid primary tumours.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid beta-glucuronidase activities in patients with central nervous system metastases. 398 58

Clinical, serological and lymphocyte studies were done on 435 patients with biopsy proved anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in various clinical status, at the National Taiwan University Hospital, from January 1980 through June 1983. Studies on 134 normal control were also done. Using immunofluorescent antibody method, seropsitive rates of the antibody titers against viral capsid antigens (VCA) and early antigens (EA) of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus were 70.8%-100% for anti-VCA/IgG titers (greater than or equal to 1:640), 81.0%-100% for anti-VCA/IgA titers (greater than or equal to 1:40), 66.7%-93.8% for anti-EA/IgG titers (greater than or equal to 1:160), and 40.0%-87.5% for anti-EA/IgA titers (greater than or equal to 1:40) in NPC patients with disease. They decreased to 10.5%-21.7% in remission patients. In contrast, they were less than 5% in the control. Mean total serum IgG and IgA levels were moderately increased to around 1,500 mg/dl and 300 mg/dl respectively, in all patients. The increase was most remarkable in patients with liver metastases. In control the values were 1,211 mg/dl and 223 mg/dl, respectively. Mean serum IgM, C3 and C4 amounts of NPC patients were not significantly different from those of the normal control, the latter were 129, 80.3 and 43.2 mg/dl, respectively. Serum acid phosphatase and calcium levels of NPC patients were all in the normal range of 0.1-2.0 BU/ml and 2.0-3.0 mmol/dl, respectively. Serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and mucoprotein were elevated either alone or in combination in some patients before treatment, in many patients with neck recurrence or distant metastases, but in all patients with liver metastases. Using monoclonal antibodies (Ortho Inc., U.S.A.) to define lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes comprised about 12% and T lymphocytes about 60% in the patients, whereas they were 11.9% and 73.1% in the control. The helper/suppressor ratio was 1.7 in the control and about 1.0 in NPC patients, and was only 0.8 in remission patients. The lack of correlation between the seropositive rates of anti-VCA antibodies and the helper/suppressor ratio might indicate different manifestations of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with NPC.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 608 49

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is difficult to diagnose in its early stages. It also has frequent recurrences and/or distant metastases after radiotherapy. Extensive clinical, serological and biochemical studies were done during 1980-1982 on 351 patients to aid in the diagnosis of the disease, especially with recurrence or metastasis. Seropositive rates of the antibody titers against viral capsid antigens (VCA) and early antigens (EA) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in IgG and IgA classes were 41.7%-100%. They ranked, in order of frequency: anti-VCA/IgA, anti-VCA/IgG, anti-EA/IgG, and anti-EA/IgA. Mean total serum IgG and IgA levels were moderately increased in all patients. Serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and mucoprotein were elevated either alone or in combination in a few patients before treatment, in many patients with recurrence or metastases, and in all patients with liver metastasis.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus-associated antibodies and serum biochemistry in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 609 4

The initial biochemical data (serum[S]-carcinoembryonic antigen, S-lactate dehydrogenase, S-gammaglutamyl transferase, S-alkaline phosphatase urine[U]-creatinine, and three urinary quantities related to collagen metabolism) and surgical pathology data (tumor size, grade of tumor anaplasia, number of positive lymph nodes, number of negative lymph nodes) were examined in 52 consecutive postmenopausal risk group II patients operated for primary breast cancer without metastatic disease (mastectomy + partial axillary resection) who participated in the Danish Breast Cancer Group's controlled clinical trial of radiation (RT) alone, and RT + levamisol. The follow-up (mean = 3.45 years, range = 3-4 years) included physical examination every three months, x-ray of chest, bone scan, and x-ray of axial skeleton every six months. Recurrence was defined as metastatic disease detected during the first three years of postoperative follow-up study. Twenty patients had recurrences. A stepwise discriminant analysis of the surgical pathology quantities showed that all quantities except tumor size contributed significantly (P less than 0.01) to the discrimination between controls (no recurrence after 3-4 years) and patients who had recurrences within three years. When each of the biochemical quantities was combined with the surgical pathology data it was found that only urinary total hydroxy-proline to creatinine ratio improved the discrimination significantly (P less than 0.05) and that the effect was marginal.
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PMID:The value of routine biochemical and surgical pathology quantities in predicting recurrence in high-risk patients following surgery for primary breast cancer. 613 16


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