Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human serum albumin millimicrospheres labeled with 99mTc-pertechnetate were used for evaluation of their mean retention time in the hepatic RES cells. For this purpose the retention function was derived from the liver time-activity curves by deconvolution analysis. Measurements in 50 patients with operated breast cancer revealed significantly shorter retention times in patients with extrahepatic metastases in comparison with patients without evidence of metastases or recurrences. Discriminant analysis of the retention times combined with other investigated parameters such as relative organ size and extraction fraction of the liver and spleen, age, weight and height of the patient, proved the method to be diagnostically valuable. In the examined group of patients metastases could be demonstrated with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92%.
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PMID:[Measurement of mean retention times of 99mTc-labeled HSA-millimicrospheres in the liver--clinical results in patients with operated breast cancer]. 648 27

Hepatic Metastases (HM) from colorectal cancer represents one of the main problems of oncologic treatment: from 80 to 90 percent of patients undergo chemotherapy and a minority hepatic resection. The natural history of patients with unresectable HM has been recently investigated by uni and multivariate analyses; the percentage of hepatic replacement, the stage and grade of primary colorectal tumours, alkaline phosphatase and the presence of extrahepatic disease proved to be the most important independent prognostic factors. Albumin and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) levels, age and weight loss of patients were also prognostic. The groups of patients with more favourable factors had a median survival ranging from 21 to 35 months, in contrast to a median survival of 4 to 8 months for those with adverse factors. The outcome of more than 3400 patients submitted to hepatic resection, has been investigated. At multivariate analysis twelve variables resulted independently related to prognosis: stage of primary tumour, extent of liver involvement and presence of extrahepatic metastases were considered to be the most important. The knowledge of prognostic factors is extremely important in selecting patients candidated to various treatments, to interpret the results and to plan new therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:[Liver metastasis. Clinico-pathological prognostic factors in metastasis from colorectal cancer]. 921 68

In situ hybridization was used to detect albumin mRNA in normal liver and hepatocellular neoplasms in 20 male B6C3F1 mice between 17 and 24 months of age. Positive signals for albumin were observed consistently in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in normal liver, particularly in periportal areas. No signals were observed in other cells, such as Kupffer's cells, mesenchymal cells, or bile duct epithelium. Of hepatocellular adenomas, 11/11 (100%) stained positively for albumin mRNA, whereas 14/15 (93%) of primary hepatocellular carcinomas showed positive expression. Albumin mRNA was also detected in extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma, including 9/15 (60%) of pulmonary neoplasms and 5/12 (42%) of metastases at other sites. The pulmonary metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma frequently exhibited a glandular, papillary, or sarcomatous histologic appearance. The presence of albumin in these tumors, lacking characteristic hepatocellular phenotype, is a potential determinant of hepatic lineage. We conclude that in situ hybridization for albumin mRNA in mice is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly in the case of pulmonary metastasis. This technique may also enable recognition of hepatocyte differentiation in glandular structures with phenotypic features of biliary cells, as seen in mixed hepatocellular-cholangial neoplasms.
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PMID:In situ hybridization demonstration of albumin mRNA in B6C3F1 murine liver and hepatocellular neoplasms. 939 39

A great variety of neurological diseases require investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to prove the diagnosis or to rule out relevant differential diagnoses. The objectives were to evaluate the theoretical background and provide guidelines for clinical use in routine CSF analysis including total protein, albumin, immunoglobulins, glucose, lactate, cell count, cytological staining, and investigation of infectious CSF. The methods included a Systematic Medline search for the above-mentioned variables and review of appropriate publications by one or more of the task force members. Grading of evidence and recommendations was based on consensus by all task force members. It is recommended that CSF should be analysed immediately after collection. If storage is needed 12 ml of CSF should be partitioned into three to four sterile tubes. Albumin CSF/serum ratio (Qalb) should be preferred to total protein measurement and normal upper limits should be related to patients' age. Elevated Qalb is a non-specific finding but occurs mainly in bacterial, cryptococcal, and tuberculous meningitis, leptomingeal metastases as well as acute and chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies. Pathological decrease of the CSF/serum glucose ratio or increased lactate concentration indicates bacterial or fungal meningitis or leptomeningeal metastases. Intrathecal immunoglobulin G synthesis is best demonstrated by isoelectric focusing followed by specific staining. Cellular morphology (cytological staining) should be evaluated whenever pleocytosis is found or leptomeningeal metastases or pathological bleeding is suspected. Computed tomography-negative intrathecal bleeding should be investigated by bilirubin detection.
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PMID:Guidelines on routine cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Report from an EFNS task force. 1753 25

Many chemotherapeutic and biologic agents used for advanced breast cancer exhibit activity alone or in combination, but the small number of randomized trials, coupled with the significant heterogeneity of patient and tumor characteristics, have precluded the development of standardized, evidence-based approaches to therapy for advanced disease. This expert faculty roundtable discussion focused on chemotherapy regimens used in pretreated patients. Given the increasing data on taxanes in this setting, a specific need was identified that led to the theme of standard and novel taxanes in this discussion. Numerous factors can predict response and long-term outcome: tumor characteristics like hormone and HER2 receptor status and grade and clinical characteristics like age, functional status, disease-free interval, previous adjuvant therapy, and sites or burden of metastatic disease. The choice of therapeutic agents or combinations, therefore, relies not only on randomized or phase II trial results but also on patient context in relation to these variables. After anthracycline and taxane therapy, agents such as capecitabine, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, and platinum agents and combinations thereof can be active. Taxanes themselves also possess activity, with a dependency on a specific agent and schedule. Albumin-bound paclitaxel has demonstrated superiority to certain taxane agents and schedules and has demonstrated activity after taxane exposure. This discussion highlights basic paradigms by which standard taxanes and albumin-bound paclitaxel can be evaluated as possible therapeutic or investigative options, along with nontaxane agents, emerging biologic agents, and combinations.
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PMID:Novel taxane formulations in the treatment of breast cancer: a thought leader discussion and consensus roundtable. 1850 Oct 57

The study included 20 patients with carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx. The incidence of metastases was compared between sentinel lymph nodes and the rest of lymph nodes in resected material. Patient inclusion criteria were primary tumor verified as squamous cell carcinoma by preoperative histopathology and negative clinical neck finding (cN0). Human serum albumin radiocolloid labeled with radioactive technetium-99m 0.5 mCi (18 MBq) was used. In two patients (with tumors of the hypopharynx and glottis), lymph nodes were not preoperatively visualized by scintigraphy. A total of 32 lymph nodes (range 0-4), were visualized. All nodes were found in regions II-IV, mostly in region II. In three patients, sentinel lymph nodes were detected bilaterally. Twenty six selective neck resections were performed (bilateral in six patients). A total of 319 (mean 12) lymph nodes were isolated in resected material, 7 of them were positive, all ipsilateral. A positive definitive histopathology finding was recorded in five patients. Three patients had one positive lymph node each (pN1), all sentinel lymph nodes. In one patient, positive sentinel lymph node histopathology was associated with tumor lesions detected in other lymph nodes (pN2b). One patient had false negative result. Study results confirmed the lymphatic drainage of the upper aerodigestive tract and metastasizing area from tumors of this localization are constant and predictable.
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PMID:[Sentinel lymphadenectomy in squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx]. 1859 61

An understanding of risk factors associated with mortality among pressure ulcer patients can inform prognostic counselling and treatment plans. This retrospective cohort study examined associations of comorbid illness, demographic characteristics and laboratory values with 90-day and 90- to 180-day mortality in adult hospitalised patients with pressure ulcers. Data were extracted from hospital databases at two academic urban hospitals. Covariates included mortality risk factors identified in other populations, including demographic and laboratory variables, DRG weight, 'systemic infection or fever' and comorbidity categories from the Charlson comorbidity index. In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, diabetes, chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure and metastatic cancer were significantly associated with mortality in both time frames. There was no significant effect on mortality from dementia, hemiplegia/paraplegia, rheumatic disease, chronic pulmonary disease or peripheral vascular disease. Myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, liver disease and human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS were associated with mortality in the 90-day time frame only. 'Systemic infection or fever' was associated with mortality in the 90-day time frame but did not show a confounding effect on other variables, and the only significant interaction term was with metastatic cancer. Albumin was the only studied laboratory value that was strongly associated with mortality. Understanding the context of comorbid illness in pressure ulcer patients sets the groundwork for more robust studies of patient- and population-level outcomes, as well as study of heterogeneity within this group.
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PMID:Risk factors for 90-day and 180-day mortality in hospitalised patients with pressure ulcers. 2273 90

The limited entry of anticancer drugs into the central nervous system represents a special therapeutic challenge for patients with brain metastases and is primarily due to the blood brain barrier (BBB). Albumin-bound Evans blue (EB) dye is too large to cross the BBB but can grossly stain tissue blue when the BBB is disrupted. The course of tumor development and the integrity of the BBB were studied in three preclinical breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) models. A luciferase-transduced braintropic clone of MDA-231 cell line was used. Nude mice were subjected to stereotactic intracerebral inoculation, mammary fat pad-derived tumor fragment implantation, or carotid artery injections. EB was injected 30 min prior to euthanasia at various timepoints for each of the BCBM model animals. Serial bioluminescent imaging demonstrated exponential tumor growth in all models. Carotid BCBM appeared as diffuse multifocal cell clusters. EB aided the localization of metastases ex vivo. Tumor implants stained blue at 7 days whereas gross staining was not evident until day 14 in the stereotactic model and day 28 for the carotid model. EB assessment of the integrity of the BBB provides useful information relevant to drug testing in preclinical BCBM models.
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PMID:Ex vivo Evans blue assessment of the blood brain barrier in three breast cancer brain metastasis models. 2451 11

Over the past three decades, tremendous progress has been made in cancer prevention and treatment. Despite these advances, a substantial number of cancer cases experience early recurrence and metastases. Thus, the better management of cancer, especially developing more effective drugs for combating cancer cells, is an arduous task. Albumin-based nanoparticles are emerging as a promising approach to replace the traditional way of carrying therapeutic drugs to a tumor site. In this review, we describe the basic knowledge on albumin-based nanoparticles, recent progress of using albumin-based nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and the application of nanoparticle albumin bound (Nab) paclitaxel for the treatment of lung, breast and pancreatic cancer. Last but not least, we try to discuss future goals and perspectives in the field of drug delivery research, thereby facilitating the antitumor activity.
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PMID:Application of albumin-based nanoparticles in the management of cancer. 2661 Sep 27

Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare subtype of metaplastic carcinoma, and no effective chemotherapy special for metaplastic carcinoma exists until now. As spindle cell carcinomas of the breast are typically "Triple Negative", endocrine therapy and molecular therapy targeted to Her2 might not be favorable, resulting in poor prognosis. Apatinib is currently being tested in patients with breast or lung cancers. Here we report a successful case using Apatinib to treat spindle cell carcinoma of breast.A 52- year- old woman presented with a gradually enlarged lump in left breast, which was revealed to be a triple-negative spindle cell carcinoma, underwent a modified radical mastectomy. After the first line chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide and Epirubicin, multiple metastases in bilateral lung and left anterior thoracic wall appeared. After disease progressed with therapy of Bevacizumab combined with Albumin-bound Paclitaxel and Cisplatin, we treated the patient with Apatinib according to her VEGFR expression, which showed nearly complete response and controllable and tolerated side effects. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the tumor specimen and real time ctDNA was performed to observe the mutated gene numbers matched with therapeutic effect. The present case can help to provide a new and effective therapy strategy to treat advanced spindle cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Response to apatinib in chemotherapy-failed advanced spindle cell breast carcinoma. 2773 8


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