Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many observations support the premise of a close relationship between immunologic competency and the growth of human cancer. Immunotherapy against cancer in animals has been established. Its function appears to be adjunctive to other treatment modalities that first lower tumor burden. These findings are demonstrated in both clinical and laboratory studies of cancer in humans. At the present time, intralesional injections of BCG vaccine in immunocompetent patients with intradermal metastases are most effective. Immunotherapy with topical administration of 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene is the treatment of choice in selected patients with squamous or basal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of malignancy in humans. Current status. 23 2

A complete response to BCG is described in a case of recurrent melanoma. In a woman aged 38 years, intracutaneous metastatic deposits confined to the limb of origin had occurred after excision of a malignant melanoma from the ankle, and elective groin dissection had shown two lymph nodes infiltrated with melanoma. BCG vaccine was applied to the buttock, initially by scarification and later by a multiple puncture gun. All metastases slowly regressed, and biopsy of a metastatic site at six months showed no tumour cells. The patient remains free of detectable disease 36 months after the commencement of therapy. It is inferred that BCG may facilitate remission of melanoma, perhaps by reason of antigenic cross-reactivity between BCG and surface components of human melanoma cells.
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PMID:Complete remission of metastatic malignant melanoma following immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG): report of a case. 26 5

Antibody against a breast carcinoma antigen was present in patients with breast carcinoma and other cancer more often (P less than .05) than in normal women. The incidence of antibody in women with breast carcinoma correlated with the presence or absence of gross tumor, and the titer of antibody paralleled the clinical course. These results suggest importance of a host-immune response to breast carcinoma. Fifty-seven patients with stage II carcinoma of the breast were entered into a prospective randomized adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy program of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil, and BCG vaccine +/- an irradiated allogeneic tumor cell vaccine. After 24 months of study, metastases occurred in two patients (3.5%) and a new primary carcinoma developed in the contralateral breast in two others, for an overall treatment failure rate of 7%. Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy can delay early recurrence. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the significance of these results.
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PMID:Immunology and adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy of breast cancer. 98 61

With the three modalities of cancer treatment, surgery, radio- and chemo-therapy, even when applied in optimal conditions, over 50% of patients remain incurable because of metastatic disease. Hence the importance of preventive methods of approach to cancer. Host human tumors arise in renewing cell populations, while others, which originate in tissues with a slower rate of proliferation, are often preceded by tissue injury, which induces an adaptive proliferation (irritants, viruses, hypoxia etc.). Prospective and retrospective studies have shown that a "precancerous lesion" (intraepithelial neoplasia), meaning a certain histopathological substratum which, when not disturbed in its natural history through diagnostic or therapeutic proceedings, can evolve in a significant proportion, to invasive cancer. Our earlier studies have revealed a specific host-resistance to placental suspension (PS) when injected intradermally in patients with clinical conditions having, as histopathological substratum, an adaptive cellular proliferation. These findings suggest that a successful immunologic approach for adaptive proliferation is a boosted cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction which, as an adjunct to other therapies, would eliminate and thus prevent the progression of adaptive proliferation towards neoplasia. A vaccine consisting of PS used as an immunogen, mixed with and adjuvant (BCG) may allow the strengthening of what is a natural but ineffective bodily response to the problem of adaptive proliferation. It is easier to eliminate immunologically an antigenic homogeneous cellular proliferation process than a neoplastic one which is antigenically heterogeneous. The induction of cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction by a PS + BCG vaccine in healthy people would also be a primary immunoprophylaxis for some solid tumors in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Is immunoprophylaxis of cancer possible? 191 70

Randomized study with inclusion of certain types of immunotherapy in the schedule of complex treatment was conducted in 89 patients with kidney carcinoma after the operation. In 63 patients the tumor was in stage T3N0M0. The patients were separated into 4 groups after the operation. Group 1 consisted of 23 patients in whom no additional therapeutic measures were applied in the postoperative period; 8-year survival was 48%. Group 2 was made up of 23 patients who received immunotherapy with the BCG vaccine in the postoperative period; 8-year survival was 60.5%. Group 3 consisted of 9 patients who were given levamisole for immunotherapy in the postoperative period; 8-year survival was 44%. Group 4 consisted of 8 patients who were treated by a combined method in the postoperative period: administration of the BCG vaccine, a placental suspension, and cyclophosphamide; 8-year survival was 75%. Multiple metastases occurred in 26 patients. Nineteen patients did not receive additional treatment in the postoperative period; 2 patients survived for 1 year, none of the patients lived longer than 2 years. Seven patients were given immunotherapy with the BCG vaccine in the postoperative period; 6 patients survived 1 year, 4 patients--2 years. Measures for increasing the activity of the immune and macrophagal systems should be included in the schedule of complex treatment for patients with carcinoma of the kidney.
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PMID:[The late results of the combined treatment of kidney cancer patients]. 226 98

Cryotherapy or cryotherapy plus intratumoral injection of BCG vaccine were used in combination with either prospidin or imidazole-carboxamide and multidrug chemotherapy including vincristine, dactinomycin and CCNU for the treatment of 106 cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of skin malignant melanoma. Five-year survival for the entire group was 36 +/- 5.1%. The best results were obtained for prospidin (43.6 +/- 8.6%) (imidazole-carboxamide--31.3 +/- 9.4% and combined chemotherapy--30.5 +/- 5.8%). Imidazole-carboxamide should be used in conjunction with cryotherapy plus intratumoral BCG vaccine. Procedure of topical treatment did not significantly influence the effectiveness of prospidin or combination chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Combined treatment of patients with metastases of skin melanoma using cryotherapy]. 342 Aug 21

Cows of the Dutch Frisian and Maas-Rijn-IJssel breed with histologically confirmed ocular squamous cell carcinoma showed complete regression of the primary tumor in 70 or 60% of the cases after intralesional injection of a BCG cell wall or live BCG vaccine, respectively. Recurrence of the tumor was observed in 57% of the animals treated with BCG cell walls and in 25% of the animals treated with live BCG vaccine. Spontaneous regression was seen in 20% of the untreated cows. In a second control group, radical surgery, the most successful treatment for primary stage I tumors in humans, resulted in a 90% cure. Influence of immunotherapy on metastases could not yet be fully evaluated. White blood cell counts were not changed after therapy. It was not possible to link a favorable response to BCG therapy with the intensity of the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to purified protein derivative of mycobacteriae (PPD) or the formation of antibodies to BCG as determined by a micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, in animals that showed tumor regression, the DTH reaction to PPD had a tendency to persist for a longer period of time. It was concluded that 1) block resection was the best method of treatment for this tumor, 2) a single intralesional injection of a BCG cell wall vaccine was as effective as live BCG vaccine in the induction of complete regression of the primary tumor, 3) in this preliminary study BCG cell wall vaccine was less effective than live BCG vaccine in the prevention of recurrence, and 4) this naturally occurring tumor model is well suited for the study of the influence of BCG immunotherapy in a primary stage I tumor.
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PMID:Immunotherapy by intralesional injection of BCG cell walls or live BCG in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma: a preliminary report. 695 55