Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were made to determine if examination with multiple radiopharmaceuticals would improve the sensitivity and specificity of colloid liver spleen scans. Increased uptake of Ga-67 citrate and In-111 bleomycin was found in most Tc-99m sulfur colloid scan defects caused by hepatocellular hepatoma or lymphoma. Increased uptake of these agents was found in some defects caused by malignant melanoma, breast carcinoma and carcinoma of the lung, and was rarely seen in defects caused by cholangiocarcinoma or gastrointestinal neoplasms. Gallium was useful in the followup of patients with hepatoma. Procedures designed to evaluate the gall bladder fossa, renal impression, or blood pool activity of an apparent tumor were found to be helpful and simple to perform. Iodine-131 as NaI was useful in studying functioning liver metastases from thyroid carcinoma as were bone scanning agents in evaluating hepatic metastases from osteogenic sarcoma. Multiple radiopharmaceutical evaluation of the physiologic and biochemical characteristics of liver lesions supplements current radiologic examinations and increases diagnostic specificity.
 ...
PMID:A study of filling defects in the liver and spleen with multiple radionuclides. 21 17

Radiation detectors may allow the intraoperative localization of small cancer deposits following administration of radiolabelled tumour-associated antibodies. This technique was evaluated in 16 patients with colorectal tumours (14 cancers, one adenoma, one lipoma) with the 111In-labelled monoclonal antibody (MAb) ICR2 which recognizes the tumour-associated epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). At operation counting was carried out (3 x 20 s per site) using a hand-held radiation probe over the primary lesions and any palpable lymph nodes in the mesocolon. The tumour to normal colon (T/NC) ratio of counts recorded at operation was more than 1.5:1 in eight of the 14 patients with cancer (mean(s.d.), 1.54(0.41):1) and 0.91:1 and 1.06:1 respectively in the two patients with benign tumours. Node to normal colon ratios were higher in lymph nodes containing metastases. The uptake of radiolabelled antibody (T/NC ratio) was higher in EMA-expressing cancers than in those not expressing the target antigen (mean(s.d.), 2.45(0.65):1 versus 1.40(0.20):1, P = 0.019). An abdominal tumour model was also developed. Radioactively filled containers of 0.5-10 ml representing tumour deposits were suspended in a tank of 111In solution representing the background activity found in normal tissues. The ratio of radioactivity in the 'tumour' to that of background varied from 2:1 to 8:1. The 'tumour' was considered to be detectable if the mean counts recorded over the 'tumour' exceeded the mean of counts recorded over background by three standard deviations. At a ratio of 2:1 only 'tumours' greater than 5 ml could be detected with a sodium iodide probe and those over 10 ml could be detected with a cadmium telluride (CdTe) probe. At a ratio of 8:1, 'tumours' of 0.5 ml could be detected with either probe. At all ratios and counting periods the NaI probe was more sensitive than the CdTe.
 ...
PMID:Intraoperative localization of colorectal cancers using radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies. 207 Feb 29

A case of thyroid cancer showing both a high 123I-NaI uptake in primary and metastatic foci with euthyroidism was reported. Extrathyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine is emphasized to be suggestive of metastases of thyroid cancer even in an euthyroid state.
 ...
PMID:Thyroid cancer with a high 123I-NaI uptake in primary and metastatic foci with euthyroidism. 344 Apr 74

Metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer may show different uptake patterns for fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and [131I]NaI. FDG positron emission tomography (PET), iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy (131I WBS) and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 58 unselected patients, and spiral computed tomography (CT) of the lung in 25 patients. Thirty-eight patients presented with papillary carcinomas, 15 patients with follicular carcinomas and five patients with variants of follicular carcinoma. Primary tumour stage (pT) was pT1 in 3, pT2 in 19, pT3 in 11 and pT4 in 25 cases. For the detection of metastases, FDG PET was found to have a sensitivity of 50%, 131I WBS a sensitivity of 61%, and the two methods combined a sensitivity of 86%. When FDG PET was limited to patients with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative 131I WBS, the sensitivity of this algorithm was 82%. Of the 21 patients with lymph node metastases, seven presented with FDG uptake but no iodine uptake. In four of them, a second FDG hot spot appeared in a lymph node metastasis of normal size. Five of the seven patients underwent surgery. None of the eight patients with pulmonary metastases smaller than 1 cm exhibited FDG uptake, while five of them had iodine uptake. All had positive results on spiral CT. In conclusion, FDG PET cannot be substituted for 131I WBS. If the Tg level is elevated and 131I WBS is negative, FDG PET can be used to detect lymph node metastases and complements anatomical imaging. A spiral CT of the lung is useful to exclude pulmonary metastases before planning a dissection of iodine-negative lymph node metastases.
 ...
PMID:Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. 937 65

Intraoperative tumour detection has been used in many applications. The examined tumour forms have varied and different detector systems and radiopharmaceuticals have also been used. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the ability of an NaI(T1) scintillation detector to detect primary tumours and metastases in patients with different endocrine tumour types (e.g. carcinoid tumours, endocrine pancreatic tumours and thyroid tumours) and in patients with breast carcinoma or benign thyroid lesions, on the basis of their somatostatin receptor expression after i.v. injection of 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide. Thirty patients were injected with 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide intravenously. Scintigraphic images were taken 1 day after injection of the radiopharmaceutical, and surgery was performed 1-7 days post injection. An NaI(T1) scintillation detector was used for intraoperative tumour detection. Tissue samples were collected during surgery for determination of 111In activity concentration and histopathological examination. The scintigraphic images were positive in 29 out of 30 patients. Intraoperative tumour detection was successful in 43 of 66 collected biopsies: 10 out of 11 for carcinoid tumours, 7 out of 10 for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and 14 out of 22 for breast cancer. On the basis of our findings we conclude that intraoperative tumour detection with 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide using this NaI(T1) detector can be successful especially for carcinoid tumours and endocrine pancreatic tumours, due to the relatively high activity concentrations in these tumour types, but is less successful in other forms of thyroid cancer, including MTC, and breast cancer. For successful intraoperative detection, the detector characteristics are also very important, and further improvement of the detector systems is required to increase the sensitivity and specificity.
 ...
PMID:Intraoperative tumour detection using 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide and a scintillation detector. 1168 87

Neuroendocrine tumor metastases to the liver can mimic primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on imaging, cytology, and core biopsy. We present a case study along with the literature review of a patient who presented as a solitary liver mass mimicking HCC and subsequently underwent a partial hepatectomy. The histopathology and immunohistochemisrty of the resected specimen revealed metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan with (68)Ga-DOTA-NaI-octreotide ((68)Ga-DOTANOC) localized the primary tumor in the ileum. A curative follow-up surgery for resection of the small bowel containing the primary tumor was carried out. This case illustrates the shortcomings of routine imaging methods, utility of immunocytochemistry and the importance of (68)Ga-DOTANOC PET in determining the metastatic spread as well as the origin of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This case report attempts to highlight the current imaging paradigms and management strategy of midgut and other NET's at the point of detection, staging and follow-up.
...
PMID:Solitary hypervascular liver metastasis from neuroendocrine tumor mimicking hepatocellular cancer: All that glitters is not gold. 2558 5

I-NaI thyroid uptake and scan in a 46-year-old woman with symptomatic hyperthyroidism demonstrated marked, diffusely increased uptake consistent with Graves disease, as well as a solitary hypofunctioning ("cold") nodule. Pathologic evaluation following total thyroidectomy and selective neck dissection revealed invasive multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma in a background of Graves disease and 5 of 36 lymph nodes positive for metastatic disease. This case serves as a reminder that when present a cold nodule in the setting of Graves disease warrants further evaluation for underlying malignancy.
 ...
PMID:Clinical Significance of a Solitary Cold Thyroid Nodule in the Setting of Graves Disease. 2918 76