Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was compared to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in patients with prostatic cancer suspected to have bone metastases. Bone scans were classified according to metastatic skeletal involvement. The sensitivity of PSA in predicting the presence of metastatic disease (68%) was better than that of PAP (53%). Specificity was 79% for PSA and 90% for PAP. Thirty-five patients had a positive PSA level and a normal scintigraphy (false-positive); 14 of them had only endoscopic prostate resection. Thirty-eight patients underwent a further exploration 3-18 months later. PSA level during disease was correlated to scintigraphy in 32 of 38 patients.
 ...
PMID:Systematic association of PAP and PSA determinations to bone scintigraphy in prostatic cancer. 246 77

Indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody directed against prostate-specific antigen was injected into ten patients with known prostatic carcinoma, nine with metastatic disease. The monoclonal antibody scan was compared to the standard technetium bone scan, and both were correlated to clinical status and to 2-year follow-up. The ratio of target-to-nontarget activity and pharmacokinetics of the radiolabeled antibody were determined. Based on these findings we are hopeful that modifications of this radiolabeled antibody approach may be used for staging and may be developed as a therapeutic adjuvant.
 ...
PMID:Development of monoclonal antibody imaging of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. 247 62

Carcinosarcomas of the prostate gland are exceedingly rare, and previous reports exist on only seven of these neoplasms. The authors studied two such tumors, which occurred in 63- and 69-year-old patients. One of them had osseous metastases develop, which were treated unsuccessfully by irradiation and diethylstilbestrol therapy. The other patient is free of disease 15 months after radical prostatectomy. Both tumors contained an intimate mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma; patient 1 displayed foci of chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma, whereas patient 2 exhibited areas of chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma. The phenotypic nature of these tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemical studies, showing reactivity for vimentin, S-100 protein, desmin, actin, myoglobin, or Ulex europaeus I agglutinin. Conversely, the sarcomatous components lacked prostate-specific antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, and cytokeratin, whereas carcinomatous elements expressed these three markers. The authors' data support the existence of true carcinosarcomas of the prostate, that is, malignant neoplasms with conjoint epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. The question of whether prostatic carcinosarcoma is an entity that is totally distinct from sarcomatoid or metaplastic carcinoma remains problematic.
 ...
PMID:Prostatic carcinosarcomas. Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical data on two cases, with a review of the literature. 247 43

High-dose intravenous estrogen therapy was shown to be effective in relieving bone pain due to metastatic disease in 22 of 29 (75.9%) men with advanced hormone-resistant prostate cancer. This clinical response was accompanied by significant falls in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in 13 (44.8%) patients. It is suggested that this clinical benefit is due to a direct inhibitory effect of estrogen on prostate cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:High-dose intravenous estrogen therapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma. Use of serum prostate-specific antigen to monitor response. 247 82

For an evaluation of the clinical utility of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 32 prostatic carcinoma patients (ages 54-76) and 13 nonprostatic carcinoma patients (ages 60-70) underwent PSA measurements and bone imaging. At the time of bone imaging, each patient's PSA value was measured by a monoclonal immunoradiometric assay. All 13 nonprostatic carcinoma patients (11 bronchogenic, 1 colon, and 1 urinary bladder) gave normal PSA values, although 6 had metastatic bone disease. The 32 prostatic cancer patients were divided into 2 groups of 16 each; PSA levels in Group 1 were abnormal (greater than or equal to ng/ml): PSA levels in Group 2 were normal (less than 4 ng/ml). In Group 1, bone images of 14 patients showed bone metastases; 6 of the 14 showed progression of metastases in a 6- to 12-month period. Two patients in Group 1 were negative for skeletal metastases. Twelve patients in Group 2 were negative for skeletal metastases; bone imaging in 1 showed regression of skeletal metastases; and 3 patients had unchanged bone lesion(s). The data indicate that PSA measurements may enhance bone imaging interpretation and provide valuable clinical monitoring of prostatic carcinoma. In the case of a patient with positive bone imaging and an unknown primary, PSA measurements may definitively determine if metastases originated from prostatic carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Correlation of prostate-specific antigen and technetium-99m HMDP bone imaging. 247 31

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a sensitive and specific serum marker for monitoring disease activity in men with prostatic carcinoma. Despite reports of elevation of levels of this analyte in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, no information is available correlating the serum levels with the actual prostatic abnormalities in men having prostatectomy for presumed benign disease. In the present investigation, the authors compared preoperative serum PSA levels with prostate disease in 81 men with bladder outlet obstruction. Five pathologic groups were found: incidental high-grade carcinoma (n = 3), low-grade carcinoma (n = 11), acute inflammation (n = 16) with or without chronic inflammation, Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (n = 25), and benign hyperplasia (n = 26). Serum PSA levels were significantly elevated in both low- and high-grade carcinoma, acute inflammation, and PIN when compared with the patients with benign hyperplasia with and without chronic inflammation. Within the four groups with elevated levels, use of PSA levels could separate only the high-grade cancer patients who were subsequently shown to have metastatic disease. Only one patient with simple hyperplasia had PSA levels in the abnormal range.
 ...
PMID:Serum prostate-specific antigen and prostate pathology in men having simple prostatectomy. 248 63

We review our experience with the immunoperoxidase technique of staining tissue for prostate-specific antigen in four patients with atypical metastases from prostate cancer. Our results indicate that this test is clinically useful for the diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer in patients with an unsuspected primary prostate malignancy. Further, application of prostatic-specific antigen testing may confirm metastatic prostate cancer in atypical sites in patients with a previously diagnosed prostate malignancy.
 ...
PMID:Atypical metastasis from prostate cancer. Clinical utility of the immunoperoxidase technique for prostate-specific antigen. 258 56

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in American males and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in this population. There are no symptoms that are unique to early prostate cancer, and nearly one-half of patients will have metastatic disease at diagnosis. Because of its tremendous impact upon the health and well-being of the American male population, and the importance of early diagnosis in curability, there is keen interest in the development of effective screening procedures that are highly sensitive, specific, and cost-effective. Rectal examination serves as the historical control. The serum tumor markers of prostate cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), are sensitive but relatively nonspecific in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The use of transrectal ultrasound as a screening tool is highly controversial but suffers from a similar lack of specificity. As yet, no diagnostic tests, alone or in combination, have proven to be of practical value in screening for prostate cancer. Fundamental but unanswered questions about the natural history and the high incidence of "latent" disease also obscure the issue of early diagnosis of prostate cancer and its impact on survival.
 ...
PMID:Early detection of prostate cancer. 266 37

Tumor-to-tumor metastases are uncommon despite the fact that the presence of two or more malignancies in a single patient is not a rare occurrence. The most frequent donor tumors are the lung, prostate, and thyroid gland, whereas renal cell carcinoma is by far the most common recipient. In this report we describe a patient dying of metastatic malignant melanoma and locally advanced prostate cancer in which the melanoma metastasized to the prostatic adenocarcinoma. The prostatic primary was well differentiated and stained positively with prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase, whereas the melanoma contained abundant melanin pigment and stained positively for S-100 protein. This is the second reported instance of prostatic carcinoma as the recipient in a case of tumor-to-tumor metastases and the first in the English language literature.
 ...
PMID:Malignant melanoma with metastasis to adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 291 Apr 17

Carcinomas histologically resembling nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma have been identified in the salivary gland, thymus, tonsil, and uterine cervix. Five patients with similar tumors primary in the skin are described. The patients ranged in age from 50 to 81 yr. Four neoplasms were situated on the head, and one was located on the shoulder. Microscopically, they were concentrated in the mid- and deep dermis and lacked connections with epidermis. The pattern was of multiple nodules, smaller irregular islands, and cords. The uniform tumor cells had moderate amounts of lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with one or two prominent nucleoli. A lymphoid infiltrate was intimately associated with each neoplasm and obscured the malignant epithelium in one. Neither squamous nor glandular differentiation was present, but all tumors exhibited intracytoplasmic mucin. Immunohistochemistry was positive for cytokeratin (5 of 5; diffuse) and epithelial membrane antigen (4 of 5; 3 diffuse, 1 focal). Focal reactivity was also noted for carcinoembryonic antigen (1 of 5), neuron-specific enolase (1 of 5), and vimentin (1 of 5). S100 protein, leukocyte common antigen, Factor VIII-related antigen, prostate-specific antigen (males), Leu M1, and salivary amylase reactivity were absent. One patient developed local recurrence and metastases after 39 mo and was dead of disease at 57 mo. The remaining four were free of disease after 46, 27, 25, and 6 mo of follow-up. The diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin is based on microscopic findings and exclusion of occult malignancy. The tumor can be confused with a lymphoid infiltrate and is differentiated from Merkel cell carcinoma primarily on cytologic grounds. The neoplasm may be of adnexal origin.
 ...
PMID:Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin. 323 11


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>