Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although protein-energy malnutrition is common in the cancer patient, the efficacy of aggressive nutritional therapy is unclear. This study evaluates the effects of protein deficiency on tumor growth, response, and chemotherapy complications in primary and metastatic rat hepatoma. Seventy-two ACI rats (200-250 g) with implanted Morris hepatoma were divided into four groups (N = 18 for each group): 1, regular diet; 2, regular diet plus cyclophosphamide (CPM) (100 mg/kg/ip); 3, protein-free diet; and 4, protein-free diet + CPM. Forty additional rats in similar groups (5-8, ten in each group) underwent intravenous injection of 6 X 10(3) tumor cells to produce pulmonary metastases. Animals were assessed for survival, tumor size, serum albumin, number of pulmonary metastases, and hemorrhagic cystitis at 2 weeks. Survival was 50% in groups 4 and 8, and 100% in the others. Serum albumin was significantly lower in rats on protein free diets (2.59 +/- 0.37 vs 3.35 +/- 0.40 g%, P less than 0.01). Tumor volume was significantly reduced by CPM (26.0 +/- 4.2 cm3 vs 1.2 +/- 0.4 cm3, P less than 0.01). Protein-free diets resulted in lower total body weight, and reduced tumor volume without, but not with CPM (14 +/- 1.6 cm3 P less than 0.05, 1.1 +/- 0.3 cm3, P less than 0.05 vs above controls). CPM reduced the number of pulmonary metastases in regular diet groups (307.2 +/- 108.3 vs 36 +/- 11, P less than 0.01), while protein free diets did not significantly affect metastases, without or with CPM (251.7 +/- 71.4 and 22.3 +/- 12.4, P greater than 0.05 vs controls). Hemorrhagic cystitis was much more common in protein free groups compared to rats on regular diets (55 vs 11%, P less than 0.01). These data indicate that protein deficiency did not affect response to chemotherapy in a primary or metastatic rat hepatoma model. However, protein deficiency results in a significantly increased rate of mortality, weight loss, and hemorrhagic cystitis which may lead to delay or cessation of cancer therapy.
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PMID:The effect of protein deficiency on growth and response of primary and metastatic hepatoma. 684 9

Animal studies have shown that dietary methionine restriction selectively inhibits growth of a variety of human tumor xenografts but has relatively few deleterious effects on normal tissues. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether enteral methionine restriction is safe and tolerable in adults with metastatic cancer and whether it reduces plasma methionine levels. Eight patients with a variety of metastatic solid tumors were enrolled in a phase I clinical trial. A commercially available methionine-free medical food served as the primary dietary protein source for all patients. Patients were prescribed diets containing 0.6-0.8 g of protein, 25-35 kcal, and 2 mg of methionine per kilogram per day. Participants remained on the experimental diet for an average of 17.3 wk (range 8-39 wk). Plasma methionine levels fell from 21.6 +/- 7.3 to 9 +/- 4 microM within 2 wk, representing a 58% decline. Serum albumin and prealbumin levels remained stable or increased. Mean energy intake increased during participation compared with baseline, and protein intake was maintained at target levels. The only side effect was weight loss of approximately 0.5% of body mass index (0.5 kg) per week. We conclude that enteral dietary methionine restriction is safe and tolerable in adults with metastatic solid tumors and results in significant reduction in plasma methionine levels.
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PMID:Nutrient intake and nutritional indexes in adults with metastatic cancer on a phase I clinical trial of dietary methionine restriction. 1241 54

To illustrate the usefulness of contrast echocardiography in the assessment of cardiac tumors, we present an 81-year-old female with pathological fracture of the right clavicle in whom biopsy showed poorly differentiated carcinoma. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography found two masses in the left ventricle attached to mid-ventricular septum consistent with metastases. Echo contrast study with octafluoropropane (Optison) showed contrast enhancement of both the masses consistent with high vascularity seen in a malignant tumor.
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PMID:Two-dimensional transthoracic contrast echocardiographic assessment of metastatic left ventricular tumors. 1652 98

The potential for enhancement of the metastatic spread of cells from mouse melanoma tumors was examined for exposure to diagnostic ultrasound (DUS) and high-amplitude ultrasound (HAUS) without and with ultrasound (US) contrast agent. The melanoma cell line B16-D5, which is metastatic specifically to lung, was cultured and implanted on a hind leg of female C57/bl6 mice. For DUS, tumors were scanned using 1.5-MHz harmonic B-mode imaging with 1-Hz intermittent frame triggering at 2.1 MPa (equivalent MI = 1.7) in a 37 degrees C water bath. For HAUS, a 1.35-MHz focused transducer directed 1-ms bursts at 5 MPa to the tumor at a 1-Hz rate. A total dose of 1 mL/kg Optison was injected during exposures. Exposure without contrast agent received the same exposure followed by the contrast agent with the US off. The primary tumor was removed surgically one day after US. Lungs were removed after four weeks for evaluation of metastases. Experiments involved exposure without and with contrast agent in groups of 20 mice. For DUS, mean counts of 0.8 +/- 0.3 (standard error) and 1.3 +/- 0.9 (P = 0.62) metastases were found for groups exposed without and with contrast, respectively. For HAUS, mean counts of 3.4 +/- 1.2 and 5.9 +/- 1.7 (P = 0.35) metastases were found for groups exposed without and with contrast, respectively. The lack of effect of DUS exposure with contrast confirms a previous finding. However, the HAUS counts and incidence were significantly larger than the DUS results (P < 0.05) in a two-way analysis of variance. This indicates a potential for HAUS to enhance metastasis.
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PMID:The potential for enhancement of mouse melanoma metastasis by diagnostic and high-amplitude ultrasound. 1682 23