Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinicopathologic findings are reported in the case of an unusual combined degeneration of the cerebellum and spinal cord associated with bronchial carcinoma. Clinical features were sudden sensory onset, rapid and complete flaccid paraplegia with ascending course, sphincter paralysis, rapid impairment of general condition, and high protein content in CSF without inflammatory cell reaction. The neuropathologic findings included massive transverse necrosis at the thoracic level and degeneration of the ascending and descending tracts. The necrotic areas involved mostly white matter without any vascular topography. There was no inflammation or specific vascular alteration. In the cerebellum widespread cortical atrophy was observed. There were no metastases in the cord, meninges, vertebral column, or nerve roots. The simultaneous occurrence of two distinct types of nervous tissue alterations reflects the pathomechanisms effective in CNS reactions to extraneuronal malignancy.
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PMID:Combined acute necrotic myelopathy (ANM) and cerebellar degeneration associated with malignant disease. 685 2

Three clinico-pathological cases of necrotic myelopathies with a distant malignancy are presented. Two cases had a lymphosarcoma and one case a prostatic carcinoma. They were compared to 13 well studied other cases collected in the literature. These myelopathies were related to solid visceral tumours in 8 cases and to lymphomas in 5 cases. The disease could be individualized on clinical grounds (flaccid paraplegia with bladder and bowell incontinence and sensory loss without clear-cut upper boundary developing over a few weeks with normal CSF and fast impairement of general condition), and, on pathological features. It is characterized by one or several spinal cord necrosis areas, often asymetrical, involving mostly white matter, without any vascular topography. Axons are involved as well as myelin sheats. There is mild inflammation and no specific vascular alteration. There is no metastases in the cord, meninges, vertebral column or nerve root. No vascular occlusion is found. The mechanism of the disease is unknown. The frequent occurence of lymphomas could suggest the presence of immunopathological factors.
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PMID:[Necrotic myelopathies and neoplastic pathologie. Three clinico-pathological cases (author's transl)]. 689 68

Forty-seven children with histologically confirmed medulloblastoma are considered. Forty-five cases were surgically by direct approach to the tumour, while two cases were treated only with a shunt. A shunt was inserted preoperatively in 14 cases, postoperatively in 4 cases. Surgical resection was total or subtotal in 52% of cases, partial in 35%, and limited to a biopsy in 13%. Radiation treatment to the entire neuraxis was done in 37 cases: 10 of these cases received additional chemotherapy--mostly with CCNU--as primary treatment for medulloblastoma. Ten patients died within 30 days after surgery. Twenty-two patients died months after treatment, mainly from tumour recurrence (19 cases). One patient was lost to follow-up. Thirteen patients are survivors from 10 months to 20 years after treatment. As a whole, the one year survival rate has been 67%, 3 year survival 43%, and 5 year survival 27%. Complications affecting prognosis have been presented by tumour recurrence and metastases. CSF shunting and lack of prophylactic irradiation to the cerebral hemispheres have been considered responsible for the high incidence of supratentorial metastases in our series. Factors influencing prognosis have been the extent of tumour resection and association of primary chemotherapy with radiotherapy. Within 3 years after surgery survival has been 52% in cases with total resection against 31% in cases with partial resection of tumour. As regards chemotherapy, 3 year survival has been 60% for patients with combined treatment (chemo- and radiotherapy) against 37% in patients with radiotherapy alone. It is concluded that the best results in children with medulloblastoma are achieved by a radical resection, associated with a combined primary treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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PMID:Treatment of medulloblastoma in children: long-term results following surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 728 44

We screened a panel of 8 primary and 21 metastatic melanoma cell lines for constitutive secretion of cytokines. Melanomas expressed bioactivity for TGF-beta (8/25 lines) and IFN (7/12), but not IL-2. Immunoassays detected IL-1 alpha (4/25), IL-1 beta (12/25), IL-6 (13/29), IL-8 (29/29), TGF-beta 2 (5/12) and GM-CSF (11/29), but not IL-3, IL-4, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma. There was no preferential association of cytokine production with cells cultured from primary versus metastatic disease, and only IL-8 was produced by all lines tested. These data demonstrate that cultured melanomas produce a variety of cytokines which are potentially capable of influencing tumor growth in vivo.
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PMID:Production of multiple cytokines by cultured human melanomas. 751 80

The combination of mitozantrone, methotrexate and mitomycin (3M) gives a response rate of around 50% in patients with advanced breast cancer. The predominant toxicity is haematological. In this study, previously untreated patients were given 3M with increasing doses of mitozantrone (7-14 mg m-2) with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (metHuG-CSF) (filgrastim) to prevent marrow toxicity. Doses administered were 7 mg m-2 mitomycin i.v. 6 weekly, methotrexate i.v. 35 mg m-2 (maximum 50 mg) 3 weekly and mitozantrone i.v. 3 weekly as follows: 7 mg m-2, six patients (group 1); 10 mg m-2, six patients (group 2); 12 mg m-2, six patients (group 3); 14 mg m-2, six patients (group 4); all on day 1 for six cycles at the assigned dose. All patients received filgrastim (Amgen 0.3 mg ml-1) at a dose of 5 micrograms kg-1 subcutaneously daily on days 4-17 of each cycle. All treatment was given on an out-patient basis. A total of 24 patients were entered into the study. The median age was 63 years (range 48-75). ECOG performance status was 0 in ten, 1 in 11 patients and 2 in three patients. Locoregional disease alone was present in seven patients. The remainder had one or more sites of metastases. The actual dose administered to the 24 patients was as follows. The six patients in group 1 all completed six courses of treatment as per protocol. In group 2, three patients completed six courses, two stopped because of toxicity after one and four courses and one had progressive disease after one course. In group 3, three patients completed and three stopped early because of progressive disease. In group 4, two patients completed, one progressed after four courses and three responding patients stopped treatment because of toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose of mitozantrone in the 3M combination was 12 mg m-2. The use of filgrastim with increasing doses of chemotherapy prevents neutropenia, but other toxicities, namely thrombocytopenia and lethargy, then become dose limiting.
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PMID:Phase I study of mitozantrone, methotrexate and mitomycin with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) in patients with advanced breast cancer. 752 7

Malignant meningiomas are associated with a high rate of local recurrence, but seldom give remote metastases. Here, we report a case with carcinomatous meningitis occurring 13 months after treatment of the initial tumor. MRI showed no significant abnormalities. CSF contained abnormal cells, and electronic microscopy after cytocentrifugation confirmed their identity with the initial tumor.
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PMID:Carcinomatous meningitis in a case of anaplastic meningioma. 767 86

Germ cell tumors of the central nervous system are histological identical to the extracranial tumor sites. According to the localisation germ cell tumors of the CNS are different in symptoms, diagnostic approaches, kind and location of metastases and stratification of therapy. Since 1986 patients with intracranial germ cell tumors are registered in the ongoing study for non-testicular germ cell tumors (MAKEI) of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, and are treated in accordance to therapy guidelines for extracranial sites. In MAKEI 89 therapy strategy was revised with a reduction of radiotherapy and an increased cumulative cisplatinum dose from 200 mg/m2 to 400 mg/m2. Patients with germinoma receive after histologic diagnosis radiotherapy consisting of 30 Gy craniospinal irradiation and 15 Gy tumorboost. Malignant non-germinoma receive after diagnosis by tumor marker in CSF and/or serum 2 courses bleomycin 15 mg/m2 day 1-3, Etoposide 150 mg/m2 day 1 + 2 and cisplatinum 20 mg/m2 days 4-8 (BEP), continued by 2 courses Vinblastine 3 mg/m2 day 1 + 2, Ifosfamide 1500 mg/m2 days 1-5 and cisplatinum 20 mg/m2 days 1-5 (VIP), followed by 30 Gy craniospinal irradiation and 20 Gy tumor boost. In teratoma first line therapy is complete resection. In incomplete resected cases adjuvant chemotherapy according to histological grading is administered. Until 31st January, 1993 101 patients (pts) were registered, containing 69 protocol pts. Diagnosis in protocol pts was teratoma in 8 cases, 2 pts died postnatal because of extended disease, 2/8 pts relapsed, but were salvaged by chemotherapy. 40 pts offered germinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Improved prognosis of intracranial germ cell tumors by intensified therapy: results of the MAKEI 89 therapy protocol]. 769 Aug 63

IL-10 inhibits Langerhans cell (LC) Ag presentation to Th1 clones. As LC are capable of presenting tumor-associated Ags (TAA) for primary and secondary tumor immune responses, we examined the effect of IL-10 on LC Ag presentation in a model of immunity to the S1509a spindle cell tumor (H-2a). Because induction of immunity to S1509a requires exposure of LC to granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, this system also allowed us to study the regulatory interactions of GM-CSF and IL-10 on LC. Naive CAF1 (H-2a/d) mice could be immunized against S1509a by injection with GM-CSF-exposed and TAA-pulsed epidermal cells (EC) as assessed by inhibition of the growth of inoculated tumor cells. Incubation of EC in IL-10 before GM-CSF exposure completely inhibited Ag presentation in this system. Significantly, neither co-incubation of EC in IL-10 and GM-CSF (without preincubation in IL-10) nor IL-10 treatment after GM-CSF incubation was able to exert a down-regulatory effect. The ability of IL-10 to modulate EC presentation of TAA for a secondary immune response was also examined. EC were pulsed with TAA in vitro and then injected into a hind footpad of tumor-immune mice with 24 h swelling assessed as a measure of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Preincubation in IL-10 before TAA exposure significantly inhibited elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity with or without subsequent exposure to GM-CSF. Co-incubation of EC in IL-10 and GM-CSF or exposure to IL-10 after GM-CSF led to a normal response. These data indicate that IL-10 may serve as an important regulator of LC Ag-presenting function for tumor immune responses. IL-10 appears to specifically prevent the GM-CSF-induced maturation of LC Ag-presenting function when treatment with IL-10 occurs before exposure to GM-CSF but does not reverse the established mature state.
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PMID:IL-10 inhibits tumor antigen presentation by epidermal antigen-presenting cells. 782 97

Prostate cancer selectively metastasises to skeletal sites, where it normally produces osteoblastic lesions. This study investigated whether haematopoietic growth factors known to be present in the bone environment could be involved in the survival and proliferation of prostate skeletal metastases. To evaluate this hypothesis we investigated the effects of recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF), recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF), recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) and recombinant interleukin-3 (rIL-3) on the growth of 3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Two hormone-insensitive cell lines, PC-3 and DU145, were significantly stimulated by rGM-CSF and rEPO in serum-free medium but their growth was unaffected by incubation with rIL-3 or rG-CSF. A hormone-sensitive cell line, LNCaP, was stimulated only by rGM-CSF. To investigate further the involvement of GM-CSF in prostate cancer, the presence of GM-CSF protein in the 3 prostate cancer cell lines was examined by immunohistochemistry, and analysis of cell line conditioned media was carried out by ELISA and Western blotting. These techniques demonstrated that GM-CSF-like material was produced by both DU145 and PC-3 cells but not by LNCaP. The results from ELISA found that media conditioned by DU145 and PC-3 cells contained 1.7 and 2.5 pg GM-CSF/micrograms protein, respectively, whereas no GM-CSF was detectable in the LNCaP conditioned media. Our results were also confirmed by Western blot analysis demonstrating one single band for DU145 and PC-3 conditioned media which co-migrated along with the standard rGM-CSF band. No bands were associated with the LNCaP conditioned media. The presence of GM-CSF gene transcripts in DU145 and PC-3 cells was established by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction of total RNA.
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PMID:Production and response of human prostate cancer cell lines to granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. 792 24

We evaluated the modality of relapse and progression of medulloblastoma in 45 patients observed between 1981-1991. Children aged over 2 years were treated with surgery and postoperative radio-chemotherapy; among 12 children younger than 2 years, 8 were treated with surgery and chemotherapy and 4 with postoperative irradiation of remaining tumor. Cerebrospinal fluid shunting system was placed in 32 patients (71.1%). Patients were organized into three groups: group I (25 cases) = total tumor removal; group II (11 cases) = subtotal tumor removal; group III (9 cases) = partial tumor removal. 22 children died (48.8%: 10 of group I; 7 of group II; 5 of group III) at variable time interval from the operation during the following period. Among 23 alive patients, 3 are surviving with recurrence and progression of disease (all of group I), 20 are disease-free (44.4%: 12 of group I; 4 of group II; 4 of group III). Average postoperative follow-up period: 6 years for group I/II and 2 years for group III. Even if disease-free children are those treated by total-subtotal surgical removal (while local relapse occurs principally in patients treated by partial surgical resection: 44.4% of local relapse vs 12% of group I and 27% of group II), extensive surgery does not exclude possibility of metastatic localization in cerebrospinal axis, that occurs in 1/5-1/6 of all the patients without differences in each group. CSF shunting system did not cause extraneural metastases in our patients. We obtained long term survival rates or apparent recovery in almost 50% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Relapse modalities in medulloblastoma]. 797 45


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