Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aristolochic acid I (AAI), a nitrophenanthrene derivative, is the major component of the carcinogenic plant extract aristolochic acid, which has been used as a medicine since antiquity. Long term oral administration of AAI to male Wistar rats induces multiple tumors, mainly in the forestomach, ear duct, and small intestine. The presence of activated transforming genes was investigated in various tumors of 18 AAI treated rats, namely in 14 squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach, 7 squamous cell carcinomas of the ear duct, 8 tumors of the small intestine, 3 tumors of the pancreas, 1 adenocarcinoma of the kidney, 1 lymphoma, and 2 metastases in the lung and the pancreas. By utilizing the tumorigenicity assay and Southern blot analysis, we have detected an activated c-Ha-ras gene in the DNAs of 5 of 5 squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach. Direct sequencing of amplified material revealed an AT----TA transversion mutation at the second position of codon 61 of the c-Ha-ras gene (CAA to CTA) in all transfectants as well as in the 5 original rat tumors. Enzymatic amplification of ras sequences followed by selective oligonucleotide hybridization detected identical mutations in 93% (13 of 14) of forestomach tumors, in 100% (7 of 7) of ear duct tumors, and in the lung metastasis. Among those tumors tested, we had 4 cases in which the forestomach tumors and the ear duct tumors originated from the same rat, showing the same mutation in both tissues. Moreover, similar mutations were demonstrated at c-Ki-ras codon 61 in 1 of 7 ear duct tumors (CAA to CAT) and in 1 of 8 tumors of the small intestine (CAA to CTA) as well as at c-N-ras 61 (CAA to CTA) in a pancreatic metastasis. Additional transfection experiments of some tumors scoring negative for ras gene mutations in dot blot analyses revealed a CAA to CTA transversion at codon 61 of the c-Ha-ras gene in 1 forestomach tumor as well as at codon 61 of the c-N-ras in 1 hyperplasia of the pancreas and in 1 lymphoma. The apparent selectivity for mutations at adenine residues in AAI induced tumors is consistent with the identification of an N6-deoxyadenosine-AAI adduct formed by reaction of AAI with DNA in vitro, suggesting that carcinogen-deoxyadenosine adducts are the critical lesions in the tumor initiation by aristolochic acid.
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PMID:Aristolochic acid activates ras genes in rat tumors at deoxyadenosine residues. 220 37

A prospective study in 71 patients with colo-rectal carcinoma was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) of the liver and arterially enhanced liver CT (CTA). The results were initially based on the findings at surgery. The accuracy of CT was 82% and CTA 84%. Since the evaluation of the liver at surgery is not always correct, a clinical follow-up and repeat CT in the same group of patients was performed. The intention was to search for occult metastatic disease of the liver and thus more accurately evaluate the results of CT, CTA and the surgical evaluation at laparotomy. Both the presence or absence of tumour, as well as the distribution of tumour growth in the liver were considered. In comparison with the results of the follow-up, CT detected the presence and correctly described the tumour distribution in 86%, CTA in 87%, and the surgeon in 88% of the cases, respectively. CTA is recommended if the CT scan is negative or if a more detailed evaluation is required prior to liver resection.
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PMID:The accuracy of computed tomography of the liver in colo-rectal carcinoma. 224 71

The plasminogen activator content of surgically excised gynecological tumors was measured with an azocaseinolytic assay. Ovarian (10 primary, 18 metastases) and uterine (5 primary and 6 metastases) tumors showed similar mean activator activities (21 CTA units/g tissue) mainly of the urokinase type with similar wide variations in each group. About 44% (14 of 32) of the tissues placed in short term organ culture were shown to produce and secrete urokinase activity. Results of the plasminogen activator activity found in the patient tumors or produced by the tumors during culture in the absence or presence of some drugs indicate a wide range of individual variations in sensitivity to these agents.
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PMID:Plasminogen activator content of gynecological tumors and their metastases. 310 49

Computerized tomographic liver angiography was performed in 57 patients, of which 47 had metastatic disease. The goals of the investigation were to preoperatively 1. determine number, extent and nature of liver lesions, 2. define the hepatic vasculature. Early CTA could in 14 of the patients correctly direct further clinical management. CTA is a good examination modality for selecting candidates for liver surgery for neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Computed tomographic arteriography (CTA) of the liver. Evaluation of technique, results and indications. 376 42

The use of radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) for cancer immunodetection has been limited by the development of human antimouse antibodies (HAMA). Human monoclonal antibodies do not elicit a significant human antihuman (HAHA) response. The generation and production of human monoclonal antibodies met with technical difficulties that resulted in delaying their clinical testing. Human monoclonal antibodies of all isotypes have been obtained. Most were immunoglobulin (Ig) M directed against intracellular antigens. Two antibodies, 16.88 (IgM) and 88BV59 (IgG3k), recognize different epitopes on a tumor-associated antigen, CTA 16.88, homologous to cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19. CTA 16.88 is expressed by most epithelial-derived tumors including carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, breast, ovary, and lung. The in vivo targeting by these antibodies is related to their localization in nonnecrotic areas of tumors. Repeated administration of 16.88 over 5 weeks to a cumulative dose of 1,000 mg did not elicit a HAHA response. Two of 53 patients developed a low titer of HAHA 1 to 3 months after a single administration of 88BV59. Planar imaging of colorectal cancer with Iodine-131 (131I)-16.88 was positive in two studies in 9 of 12 and 16 of 20 patients preselected by immunohistochemistry. Tumors less than 2 cm in diameter are usually not detected. The lack of immunogenicity and long tumor residence time (average = 17 days) makes 16.88 a good candidate for therapy. Radioimmunlymphoscintigraphy with indium-111 (111In)-LiLo-16.88 administered by an intramammary route was used in the presurgical staging of primary breast cancer. The negative predictive value of lymph node metastases for tumors less than 3 cm was 90.5%. Planar and single photon emission computed tomography imaging of colorectal carcinoma with technetium-99m (99mTc) 88BV59 was compared with computed tomography (CT) scan in 36 surgical patients. The antibody scan was more sensitive than the CT scan in detecting abdominal and pelvic tumors: 68% versus 40% (P < .05). The combination of antibody scan and CT scan was superior to CT scan alone: 80% versus 40% (P < .01). Lesions as small as 0.5 cm in diameter were detected by antibody scan. The CT scan appears superior to the antibody scan for liver metastases. Patients with a high serum titer of HAMA from previous exposure to murine antibodies were successfully imaged. Antibody scans obtained with 99mTc-88BV59 have imaging characteristics similar to murine antibody scans obtained with radiolabeled IgGs. The absence or weak immunogenicity of the human monoclonal antibodies makes them good candidates for radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy.
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PMID:Current status of cancer immunodetection with radiolabeled human monoclonal antibodies. 851 2

Testicular cancer has become a highly curable neoplasm, and research efforts in the 1990s are focusing on ways to improve staging and treatment so as to limit cost and morbidity. Our group has performed a number of recent studies that help to answer a number of important clinical questions. First, do we need to order computed tomography of the chest (CCT) to stage all newly diagnosed patients? Second, how accurate is contemporary era abdominal CT to stage the retroperitoneum in low-stage nonseminoma patients, and are there techniques that may improve accuracy? Third, can histological primary tumor factors be useful to predict stage in low-stage nonseminoma patients? In a study of 201 testicular cancer patients [117 (58%) NSGCT, 84 (42%) seminoma] who had both CCT and chest X-ray (CXR) in initial staging, CXR alone was found to be sufficient initial chest staging in all seminoma patients and in NSGCT patients who had a negative abdominal (CTA). For low-stage patients without retroperitoneal adenopathy, CCT had unacceptable false-positive rates, which precipitated additional invasive maneuvers. For higher stage NSGCT patients with retroperitoneal disease on initial CTA, CXR alone missed a significant number of occult thoracic metastases and CCT remains indicated. In a study of 57 clinical stage 1 NSGCT all having negative staging CTA followed by surgical staging, third and fourth generation CT had a 67% accuracy in predicting retroperitoneal metastases. This contemporary experience shows a 33% false-negative abdominal CT staging rate. Consideration of any nodes, regardless of size, in the primary echelon retroperitoneal areas as indicative of retroperitoneal metastases may hold promise for improving accuracy of CTA in low-stage NSGCT testis cancer. In a study of 92 clinical stage 1 NSGCT patients, determination of primary tumor vascular invasion (VI) and percentage of tumor composed of embryonal carcinoma component (%EMB) was found to be a useful staging tool. A multivariate model using VI and %EMB was able to predict correct stage in 86% of the study cohort, and a probability table with these two variables was created. Using these histological variables in a neural network artificial intelligence program, an expert correctly predicted stage in 92% of patients. In the 1990s chest staging should be tailored to tumor cell type and retroperitoneal disease status. Staging of the retroperitoneum utilizing abdominal CT remains problematic due to the inability to detect microscopic metastases. Primary tumor histological factors, particularly vascular invasion and quantitation of embryonal carcinoma, are clinically useful staging tools.
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PMID:Proper staging techniques in testicular cancer patients. 911 80

Ultrasonography with colour Doppler is the initial modality in the work-up of a suspected hepatic tumour. Dual phase spiral CT is the next investigation for characterisation and assessment about the anatomic extent. The combined use of CT and angiography (CTA and CTAP) is the most precise imaging technique but being an invasive method it is indicated to provide vascular mapping before surgery and for transarterial embolisation of unresectable tumours. MRI is indicated in evaluation of diffuse liver disease and sometimes as a problem solving modality in focal liver lesions. Angiography is performed mainly for therapeutic interventions and for preoperative embolisation of the tumour to reduce bleeding during surgery. Inoperable HCCs, vascular metastases and symptomatic hemangiomas can be well treated by various percutaneous and angiographic interventional techniques.
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PMID:Imaging and therapeutic interventions in hepatic tumours. 1108 29

We report the case of a 31-year-old male who presented to the ER with a 1-week history of progressively worsening, throbbing, left retro-orbital headache, ptosis, and subjective worsening of short-term memory function. Initial review of systems and laboratory data were noncontributory. Non-contrasted CT demonstrated a large hyperdense mass centered in the suprasellar cistern without evidence of dissecting extra-axial hemorrhage. Though the initial appearance mimicked a basilar tip aneurysm or another primary extra-axial suprasellar pathology such as a hemorrhagic or proteinaceous craniopharyngioma, germinoma, or optic glioma, a second smaller, clearly intra-axial, hyperdense lesion was observed in the left periventricular forceps major white matter. Consideration for multiple cavernomas versus hypervascular metastatic disease such as renal malignancy, thyroid malignancy, or melanoma was raised. CTA confirmed normal intracranial vasculature. Subsequent MRI images showed an acutely hemorrhagic mass centered at the left paramedian hypothalamus and tuber cinereum with numerous secondary foci, demonstrating mature hemorrhagic elements and confirming the diagnosis of multiple cavernomas.
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PMID:Exophytic hypothalamic cavernous malformation mimicking an extra-axial suprasellar mass. 2130 32

Fer is an intracellular tyrosine kinase that accumulates in most mammalian tissues. A truncated variant of Fer, FerT, is uniquely detected in spermatogenic cells and is absent from normal somatic tissues. Here, we show that in addition to Fer, FerT also accumulates in CC cells and in metastases derived from colorectal tumors, but not in normal human cells. Thus, FerT is a new member of the CTA protein family. Transcription of the ferT gene in CC cells was found to be driven by an intronic promoter residing in intron 10 of the fer gene and to be regulated by another CTA, the Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS) transcription factor. BORIS binds to the ferT promoter and down-regulation of BORIS significantly decreases the expression of ferT in CC cells. Accumulation of the ferT RNA was also regulated by the DNA methylation status and paralleled the expression profile of the boris transcript. Accordingly, the intronic ferT promoter was found to be hypomethylated in cancer cells expressing the FerT protein, by comparison with non-expressers. Collectively, we show here that FerT is a new CTA whose accumulation in CC cells, commonly considered low CTA expressers, is controlled by a novel transcription regulatory mechanism.
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PMID:Intronic promoter drives the BORIS-regulated expression of FerT in colon carcinoma cells. 2222 38