Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two unique murine melanoma antigens, termed B700 and B50, have been identified and isolated from several different murine melanoma cell lines. Both antigens can be detected on the cell surface, are actively shed in culture, and are often found in close association intracellularly. In previous studies, the antigen B700, which is related to serum albumin by biochemical and immunological criteria, was shown to function as a melanoma-specific tumor rejection antigen. We have also shown that animals sensitized to irradiated JB/RH melanoma cells produce antibodies which recognize B700 and/or B50, with B700 evoking the stronger humoral response. Animals testing positive by ELISA for antibody production to B700 or B50 were used for preparation of hybridomas and four different murine monoclonal antibodies have been produced whose specificities should facilitate epitope mapping. Clones have been used to generate ascites fluid in nude mice; the antibodies specifically recognize B700 and intact murine melanoma cells, but not B50. Two of these monoclonal antibodies have been administered systemically to C57Bl/6 mice bearing 5 day pulmonary metastases of the JB/MS melanoma, and significant inhibition of metastatic growth was observed for both antibodies.
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PMID:Production of monoclonal antibodies against the B700 murine melanoma antigen and their antimetastatic properties. 154 Jun 56

We studied the cases of 909 patients with malignant tumors (497 men and 412 women) who were admitted to Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital from April 1994 to July 1995. The mean age was 78.6 years (range: 60 to 103 years). The most common tumors were gastric cancer, colo-rectal cancer, and lung cancer. However, the most common tumors in those who died (n = 263) were gastric cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer. In 425, abnormalities were found during routine health checks or incidental laboratory examinations, while the patients were asymptomatic. On the first admission, 23.4% were found distant metastases. The rate of complications with other diseases was 82.3%. About one third (31.2%) were informed of their situation, and 18.5% had not received any treatment for their malignancies. In 63%, performance status at the time of discharge was the same as that measured on admission or better.
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PMID:[Malignant tumors in a Japanese geriatric hospital]. 912 88

The American Geriatric Society currently recommends screening mammography for women up to 85 years of age whose life expectancy is three years or longer. The value of clinical breast examinations in older women needs further study. Total mastectomy and partial mastectomy with postoperative radiation therapy yield similar results in localized breast cancer. Postoperative irradiation may be avoided in women with small tumors (2.5 cm or less in diameter) who have undergone quadrantectomy. Lymph node dissection is important for tumor staging but significantly increases the risks and morbidity of surgery. Lymph node mapping may obviate the need for lymphadenectomy in many older women. Adjuvant hormonal therapy for at least two years appears to be beneficial in all women with hormone-receptor-rich tumors. Adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated in women with lymph node involvement or high-risk tumors with no lymph node involvement. Unless life-threatening metastases are present, hormonal therapy is the first approach to metastatic cancer. Chemotherapy is indicated if endocrine therapy is unsuccessful or life-threatening metastases are present. Most chemotherapy regimens appear to be well tolerated, even by women over 70 years of age. Special treatment should be employed for metastases to tumor sanctuaries (i.e., brain, eyes), the long bones, the spine and the chest wall.
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PMID:Breast cancer in older women. 978 81

Age is a major risk factor for solid tumors, including breast cancer. The majority of elderly breast cancer patients have oestrogen-dependent tumors, thus, tamoxifen is widely administered. However, it has been noted that tamoxifen-related thrombotic events are not exceptional. Due to the increasing prevalence of comorbidity, including vascular diseases, with age, such events are more frequently observed in the aged patients. Formestane, a selective steroidal aromatase inhibitor, may represent a therapeutic option after failure with tamoxifen, or in the presence of vascular diseases contraindicating its administration. The present report provides a new clinical experience on a consecutive series of 45 elderly breast cancer women affected by moderate to severe degree of comorbidity and disability measured by a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) scale validated on oncological patients. Formestane was given intramuscularly at the dose of 250 mg every 2 weeks. The study included 31 patients who had metastatic disease, and 14 who received formestane as an adjuvant treatment. Median age was 74 years (range 65-93), with nine patients > 80 years. Median ECOG Performance Status (PS) was one. The more frequent comorbidities observed in our series were arthrosis-arthritis (64.4% of patients), hypertension (44.4%), vascular diseases (35.5%), CNS diseases (28.8%). Twenty percent of patients presented at least one dependency in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and 51.2% in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). The treatment was well tolerated - only two patients interrupted formestane because of minor adverse reaction at the injection site and generalised itching. In particular Formestane was not responsible for any worsening of pre-treatment comorbidities, especially hypertension and vascular diseases. Objective responses (OR) were observed in 11.1% of advanced patients, while the disease was stabilised in 51.8% subjects. Median duration of OR was 12 months; median overall survival was 11 months. Among patients receiving formestane as adjuvant treatment, three relapsed, with a time to failure (TTF) of 12 months. Formestane is effective and minimally toxic in an elderly breast cancer population with comorbidities and disabilities measured by CGA.
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PMID:Formestane is feasible and effective in elderly breast cancer patients with comorbidity and disability. 1107 86

Colorectal cancer is a disease of the elderly, with 70% of patients being aged 65 years or older. In Western countries, the total number of elderly patients with this disease is expected to further increase in the future. Since the incidence of adverse physical or socioeconomic conditions in the elderly is higher than in younger patients, a thorough assessment of the patient's suitability for therapy should be performed before a decision is made. Using a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to subdivide the population of elderly cancer patients into three groups can help to guide treatment decisions. Both in the adjuvant and in the palliative setting, there are sufficient data supporting the use of fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in fit elderly patients who can tolerate cytotoxic treatment. Systemic chemotherapy has been shown to effectively reduce mortality in the adjuvant situation and to be of clinical benefit for patients with metastatic disease in terms of longer survival, control of symptoms and quality of life. In recent years, new substances such as oxaliplatin or irinotecan have shown significant activity in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, information on how to guide the use of these new drugs in elderly patients is still lacking. Limited data from clinical trials indicate treatment efficacy in selected elderly patients comparable to that observed in younger patients, with overall manageable toxicity. Clearly, further clinical trials in elderly patients with colorectal cancer are necessary as well as the incorporation of aspects of geriatric medicine into the teaching programme of medical oncologists.
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PMID:Colorectal cancer in the elderly: is palliative chemotherapy of value? 1251 12

Cancer metastasis is one of the major challenges in cancer research. Inhibitors of tumor metastasis are rapidly emerging as important new drug candidates for cancer therapy. Tumor metastasis formation occurs via a complex multistage process which involves a crucial step of tumor invasion through the basement membrane. Tumor cell invasion involves attachment of tumor cell to the basement membrane through laminin, degradation of the matrix by proteolytic enzymes from the tumor cell and cell migration through the basement membrane. New drugs aimed at the metabolism of tumor cell surface oligosaccharides and/or catabolism of glycoconjugates of extracellular matrix and basement membrane could inhibit tumor metastasis. In this article, current progress in the control of tumor metastasis by gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars and related iminosugars (nojirimycin and d-glucaro-delta-lactam), which are potent and specific inhibitors of carbohydrate metabolism and catabolism, has been reviewed. gem-Diamine 1-N-iminosugars related to d-glucuronic acid and l-iduronic acid, nojirimycin and d-glucaro-delta-lactam suppress invasion of B16 melanoma variants and 3LL (lung carcinoma) cells through reconstituted basement membrane, and inhibit pulmonary metastasis of these tumor cells in mice and/or cKDH-8/11 (liver carcinoma) cells in rats. These results suggest that the metabolism of beta-d-glucuronide and alpha-l-iduronide of glycoconjugates and/or the processing of carbohydrates of tumor cell surface may participate in tumor metastasis. That these gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars and related iminosugars are potent inhibitors of tumor metastasis holds promise of new drug candidates for cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:gem-Diamine 1-N-iminosugars and related iminosugars, candidate of therapeutic agents for tumor metastasis. 1257 Aug 67

Geriatric cancer patients present special challenges for clinicians. Few large series have been published in the last 20 years on the types of neoplasms that involve the central nervous system (CNS) in older individuals. To review types of neoplasms involving the central CNS that are currently being encountered by pathologists and neurosurgeons, we identified from our databases for the years 1992-2002, inclusive, patients 75 years or older who had symptomatic lesions requiring neurosurgical interventions. Retrospective characterization of tumors by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed whenever possible and relevant to tumor type. Neurosurgical procedures (n=125) on 119 patients were identified; 90 patients were diagnosed as having neoplasms, with clot evacuation or infections being the most frequent non-neoplastic conditions necessitating surgery. Tumor types included glioblastomas (36 patients), meningiomas (16), pituitary adenomas (12), lymphomas or other hematological malignancies (8), anaplastic gliomas (5), metastases (6), head and neck malignancies with direct intracranial extension (3), and other miscellaneous tumor types (4). Compared with older literature series, we encountered a larger number of elderly patients with CNS lymphomas and fewer who came to surgery for CNS metastatic disease. In the "older old", glioblastomas are the most frequent symptomatic tumors necessitating surgical intervention. Glioblastomas in this aged cohort display the signature features of the small cell phenotype (62%), high cell cycle labeling indices (mean MIB-1-labeling index=25.1%), and either amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor or gain of chromosome 7 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (93% of assessable cases).
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PMID:Neoplasms involving the central nervous system in the older old. 1465 15

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Elderly individuals make up a large part of the breast cancer population, and there are important specific considerations for this population. The International Society of Geriatric Oncology created a task force to assess the available evidence on breast cancer in elderly individuals, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in such individuals. A review of the published work was done with the results of a search on Medline for English-language articles published between 1990 and 2007 and of abstracts from key international conferences. Recommendations are given on the topics of screening, surgery, radiotherapy, (neo)adjuvant hormone treatment and chemotherapy, and metastatic disease. Since large randomised trials in elderly patients with breast cancer are scarce, there is little level I evidence for the treatment of such patients. The available evidence was reviewed and synthesised to provide consensus recommendations regarding the care of breast cancer in older adults.
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PMID:Management of breast cancer in elderly individuals: recommendations of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology. 1805 80

Breast cancer patients of an advanced age will suffer from ailments related to both senescence and cancer. Some will have been denied access to screening programmes and will present with an advanced disease. Many will need the expertise of the geriatrician and the oncologist who will participate in specific case discussions to look at social and medical issues that will affect the treatment plan (with questions regarding surgery, radiation, drug therapy, rehabilitation, supportive care, and palliative care often intertwined). This paper reviews recommendations by the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) task force which recently assessed the available evidence on breast cancer in elderly individuals, and provided evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in such individuals. Recommendations on the topics of screening, surgery, radiotherapy, (neo)adjuvant hormone treatment, and chemotherapy, and on metastatic disease have been given. Oncologists are now learning to take into account the physiological age of their patient, which is the reflection of a normal and sometimes abnormally accelerated loss of body reserves which is certainly related to chronological age but not precisely dictated by it. Understanding the biology of breast cancer will allow to optimally adapt the treatment of the elderly patient.
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PMID:Mammography Screening and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Elderly. 2082 36

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent non-skin cancer among men and is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. PCa has an increased incidence and prevalence in older men. Age-associated incidence is on the rise due to increased screening in the older population. This has led to a sharp rise in the detection of early stage PCa. Given the indolent nature of many prostatic malignancies, a large proportion of older men with PCa will ultimately die from other causes. As a result, physicians and patients are faced with the challenge of identifying optimal treatment strategies for localized PCa, biochemically recurrent PCa and later-stage PCa. Age-related changes can impact tolerance of hormonal therapy and chemotherapy in men with metastatic disease and shift the risk-benefit ratio of these treatments. Tools such as the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) can help estimate remaining life expectancy and can help predict treatment-related morbidity and mortality in older men. Application of CGA in older men with PCa is important to help individualize and optimize treatment strategies. Research that integrates multidisciplinary and multidimensional assessment of PCa and the patient's overall health status is needed.
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PMID:Individualized decision-making for older men with prostate cancer: balancing cancer control with treatment consequences across the clinical spectrum. 2142 Nov 19


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