Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Groups of male MRC Wistar rats were treated for 2 years either with morpholine (10 g/kg food) together with sodium nitrite (3 g/l drinking water) or with N-nitrosomorpholine (NM, 0.15g/l drinking water). In both cases, a group of rats was given sodium ascorbate (22.7 g/kg food) in addition to these treatments. When ascorbate was present, the liver tumors induced by morpholine and nitrite showed a 1.7-fold longer induction period, a slightly lower incidence, and an absence of metastases in the lungs, indicating that ascorbate had inhibited the in vivo formation of NM. Ascorbate did not affect liver tumor induction by the performed NM. The group treated with morpholine, nitrite, and ascorbate had a 54% incidence of forestomach tumors, including an 18% incidence of squamous cell carcinomas, possibly because ascorbate promoted NM action in this organ.
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PMID:Effect of sodium ascorbate on tumor induction in rats treated with morpholine and sodium nitrite, and with nitrosomorpholine. 101 58

The physiological role of calcitonin is the preservation of osseal integrity by reducing the osteoclast activity. On the other hand, this 32 amino acid peptide acts as an analgetic drug in cancer caused by osteolytic metastases. In previous studies using injection form the pain killing activity was observed in 65% of the patients. As medical assistance is required for this treatment form, it was decided to compare the pain reducing activity of nasal spray with the ampule form. It was found that 300 MRC units of nasal spray equalled 100 MRC units injection. The pain killing activity was observed in 53.8% of the patients. The reduction in quantity of other analgetics used daily was 48.5%. The average decrease of the pain duration (in h) was 42.5%. The pain intensity measured by visual analogue scale dropped to 2.13 from 3.00. The results are similar to the analgetic effect observed in the injection form. Taking this into consideration, calcitonin nasal spray is highly recommended instead of ampules.
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PMID:Pain killing with calcitonin nasal spray in patients with malignant tumors. 149 43

A semi-purified corn-based diet containing 50 mg/kg of pure (not less than 90%) fumonisin B1 (FB1), isolated from culture material of Fusarium moniliforme strain MRC 826, was fed to a group of 25 rats over a period of 26 months. A control group of 25 rats received the same diet without FB1. Five rats from each group were killed at 6, 12, 20 and 26 months. The liver was the main target organ in the FB1-treated rats and the hepatic pathological changes were identical to those previously reported in rats fed culture material of F.moniliforme MRC 826. All FB1-treated rats that died or were killed from 18 months onwards suffered from a micro- and macronodular cirrhosis and had large expansile nodules of cholangiofibrosis at the hilus of the liver. Ten out of 15 FB1-treated rats (66%) that were killed and/or died between 18 and 26 months developed primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Metastases to the heart, lungs or kidneys were present in four of the rats with hepatocellular carcinoma. No neoplastic changes were observed in any of the control rats. Chronic interstitial nephritis was present in the kidneys of FB1-treated rats killed after 26 months. No lesions were observed in the esophagus, heart or forestomach of FB1-treated rats and this is contrary to previous findings when culture material of the fungus was fed to rats. It is concluded that FB1 is responsible for the hepatocarcinogenic and the hepatotoxic but not all the other toxic effects of culture material of F.moniliforme MRC 826 in rats.
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PMID:Toxicity and carcinogenicity of the Fusarium moniliforme metabolite, fumonisin B1, in rats. 164 15

Between 1981 and 1986, 200 consecutive patients with metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer were entered into the Swedish Norwegian Testicular Cancer (SWENOTECA) project from 14 hospitals. The treatment plan was four chemotherapy cycles (cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin) followed by surgical resection of residual tumor masses. After a median observation time of 75 months, the overall 5-year survival rate was 82%. In a univariate analysis, the following parameters influenced the prognosis significantly: the extent of the disease (Medical Research Council [MRC] grouping); the prechemotherapy levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); the patients' age; the presence of extrapulmonary hematogeneous metastases; and/or particularly large lymph node metastases. Patients fared better when more than 3 weeks elapsed between orchiectomy and start of chemotherapy as compared with those who were treated within this interval. The place of treatment (a large oncology unit v smaller units) also represented a significant prognostic factor for patients with large-volume (LV) and very-large-volume (VLV) disease combined. Multivariate analysis (Cox regression proportional hazards model) performed in all 193 assessable patients showed the following adverse prognostic factors: high-volume metastatic burden, age older than 35 years, prechemotherapy AFP greater than 500 micrograms/L and/or HCG greater than 1,000 U/L, and an interval between orchiectomy and start of chemotherapy of less than 3 weeks. The place of treatment also significantly influenced the final outcome. If patients with LV and VLV disease were combined, the presence of two of the following risk factors represented an additional prognostic factor: AFP greater than 1,000 micrograms/L, HCG greater than 10,000 U/L, liver metastases, brain metastases, bone metastases, retroperitoneal tumor greater than or equal to 10 cm, and mediastinal tumor greater than or equal to 5 cm.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in unselected patients with nonseminomatous metastatic testicular cancer: a multicenter experience. 170 57

Tumors derived from a Li-Fraumeni syndrome cancer-susceptible family were examined for expression of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB). Whereas RB expression was normal in a primary breast carcinoma and its metastases from one member of this family, overexpression of RB was found in an adrenocortical carcinoma from another family member. This was in contrast to normal RB expression in normal tissue of this patient, the adrenocortical adenocarcinoma cell line SW-13, and the fibroblast cell line MRC-5, and low level RB expression in normal adrenal tissue. The overexpression in the adrenocortical carcinoma resulted in increased synthesis of the RB-encoded protein and did not appear to be associated with RB amplification or rearrangement. This result is novel as it is usually the loss of expression or production of an altered RB transcript exhibiting deletions that is associated with carcinogenesis. In light of the recent discovery of p53 point mutations in the affected Li-Fraumeni syndrome family members tested, RB overexpression may constitute a secondary event in Li-Fraumeni syndrome tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Overexpression of the retinoblastoma gene in a familial adrenocortical carcinoma. 175 10

Therapy should be individualized on the basis of patient symptoms, severity of hypercalcemia, and prospects for inducing a remission in the underlying malignancy. We have found the most effective approach to be vigorous hydration of the patient, usually intravenously with normal saline at a rate of 300 to 500 mL/h. Intravenous furosemide is given as needed to prevent fluid overload. If the patient is volume replete and if hypercalcemia persists after 24 to 48 hours of intravenous hydration, calcitonin, 200 MRC units subcutaneously every 12 hours plus prednisone, 20 mg orally four times daily, are added. In most cases, a response is seen shortly after institution of this therapy. Meanwhile, attempts to treat the malignancy are initiated, including palliative radiation therapy for bony metastases. If the patient is still hypercalcemic and symptomatic after seven days of this therapy, treatment with plicamycin is given unless the patient's condition is clearly terminal. At present, use of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors is not recommended, and bisphosphonates are available only for investigational use.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia of malignancy: diagnosis and therapy. 294 51

Seventy-nine patients with soft tissue sarcoma were treated with fast neutron therapy at the Hammersmith Hospital, MRC Cyclotron Unit. Sixty-six of these, treated between 1971 and 1983 were assessable. The histology was reviewed and graded in 82% of cases and tumors divided into groups according to maximum diameter. In sixteen patients, who were irradiated following complete macroscopic removal of tumor, there was 94% local control and 86% survived 5 years. Of the 50 patients who had gross tumors present 62% were greater than 10 cm in diameter, and 20 were recurrent after previous radiotherapy or surgery or both. Sixty-eight per cent of gross tumors completely regressed and local control was 52%. The main cause of death was metastatic spread, and median survival was 63 months for Grade 1 patients, 9 months for Grade 2, and 7 months for Grade 3. Thus, there was a significant advantage to patients with Grade 1 tumor but little difference between Grades 2 and 3. Twenty-seven patients experienced late complications of treatment, 67% of which involved the skin predominantly and were related to the low energy of neutrons used. Seventeen of the 27 had received previous radiotherapy. Neutron therapy given in this dose and fractionation produced a higher local control rate than photon therapy, but complications were more frequent. Since these mainly involved the skin a lower level of complications may be anticipated using higher energy neutrons which will have a more even distribution of dose and lower skin dosage. Forty-eight per cent of patients developed metastatic disease, indicating the need for effective systemic therapy, especially in Grades 2 and 3 tumors.
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PMID:Fast neutron therapy for soft tissue sarcoma. 311 80

Between January 1981 and December 1985, 122 patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGT) were seen at a regional referral centre. Of these, a total of 98 patients received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Treatment was given within collaborative EORTC Urology group studies, all of which involved cis-platin-containing schedules. Ninety patients had tumours of testicular origin, and their 2 year actuarial survival rate is 91%; 8 had tumours of extragonadal origin and their 2 year actuarial survival is 25%. Patients with testicular tumours were subdivided by volume of metastatic disease using the recommendations of the Testicular Cancer Subgroup of the MRC Urological Cancer Working Party and survival was significantly worse in the group with very large volume metastatic disease (VLVM, 57%) compared with the groups with large volume metastases (LVM, 100%) and small volume metastases (SVM, 98%). There were 31 patients with Stage I disease at presentation; of these 6 were treated by prophylactic abdominal radiotherapy and 25 were managed by a policy of surveillance only. Seven of these Stage I patients (23%) relapsed with metastatic disease (median 8 months); all have been successfully treated with chemotherapy. These data confirm that the majority of patients now presenting with metastatic NSGCT are curable with chemotherapy, but that a small proportion with very large volume metastases or extragonadal tumours require alternative chemotherapy schedules.
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PMID:Results of treatment of non seminomatous germ cell tumours; 122 consecutive cases in the West of Scotland, 1981-1985. 335 8

The 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma metastasizes with high frequency to regional lymph nodes and lungs. The intratumoral injection of Corynebacterium parvum on day 7 followed by primary tumor excision on day 20 significantly prolonged survival and cured 10-40% of syngeneic F344 rats. Established metastases were destroyed by the treatment, and strong and specific tumor rejection immunity was induced. The purpose of the present study was to determine if T-cells were required for the C. parvum treatment to be effective and to identify the subsets of T-lymphocytes that might participate in the response. The results indicated that rats depleted by either neonatal thymectomy or a combination of adult thymectomy, 900 rad, and bone marrow reconstitution did not inhibit tumor growth after C. parvum treatment. Restoration of depleted rats with lymph node cells permitted effective treatment. The lymph node cells that were responsible for restoration expressed both W3/13 (pan-T-cell) and W3/25 (helper T-cell) membrane-associated differentiation antigens. T-cells that bore the MRC OX8 (cytotoxic-suppressor T-cell) antigen did not restore the response to C. parvum treatment. The effect of lymph node restoration was markedly potentiated by simultaneous administration of thymocytes, a T-cell population that expresses both W3/25 and MRC OX8 antigens. In conclusion, the cytotoxic-suppressor T-cells were ineffective in the restoration of T-cell-depleted, tumor-bearing rats to benefit from C. parvum but helper T-cells were highly effective, and their activity was strongly potentiated by administration of thymocyte amplifier cells.
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PMID:Role of T-cell subsets in the destruction of established metastases of 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. 348 70

The effect of 6 putative prognostic factors on survival was studied in patients with Stages III and IV malignant teratoma of the testis. Differences between survival curves were tested for statistical significance. A diameter greater than 5 cm in the largest tumour mass, and greater than 8 pulmonary metastases were adverse prognostic factors (P = 0.004 and 0.008 respectively). Patients with malignant teratoma, trophoblastic, fared worse than those with malignant teratoma, undifferentiated, and malignant teratoma, intermediate (P = 0.011 and 0.023 respectively). Previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy had no significant effect. Serum alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) above 10(3) MRC u/ml and serum beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) above 10(5) miu/ml, were found to predict a poor prognosis (P = 0.010 and 0.001 respectively). A combination of measurements of the tumour markers gave the most consistent indication of prognosis, in that patients with either AFP greater than 10(3) MRC u/ml or hCG greater than 10(5) miu/ml, or both, fared much worse than those with neither factor (P = 0.001). Serum concentrations of AFP and hCG should be stated in reports of treatment of testicular teratoma in order to provide a basis for comparison with other series. Regular and frequent measurements of these markers are appropriate throughout the clinical management of patients with malignant teratoma.
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PMID:Tumour-marker levels and prognosis in malignant teratoma of the testis. 616 30


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