Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A radioimmunoassay for ng quantities of DNA was developed. [125l]lododeoxyuridine-labeled DNA was used as the antigen, and the serum of a lupus erythematosus patient served as the source of antibody. The level of free DNA in the serum of 173 patients with various types of cancer and in 55 healthy individuals was determined by this radioimmunoassay. DNA concentration in the normal controls had a range of 0 to 100 ng/ml with a mean of 13 +/- 3 ng/ml (S.E.). For comparison purposes, the range of 0 to 50 ng/ml was designated as normal, and 93% of controls were found in this range. In the cancer patients, the DNA concentration ranged from zero to mug levels with a mean of 180 +/- 38 ng/ml. Fifty % of the patients values were found in the range of 0 to 50 ng/ml; the other 50% were between 50 and 5000 ng/ml. No correlation could be seen between DNA levels and the size or location of the primary tumor. Significantly higher DNA levels, however, were found in the serum of patients with metastatic disease (mean of 209 +/- 39 ng/ml), as compared to nonmetastatic patients (mean 100 +/- 30, p less than 0.02). After radiation therapy in lymphoma, lung, ovary, uterus, and cervical tumors, the levels decreased in 66 to 90% of the patients, whereas in glioma, breast, colon, and rectal tumors, the DNA levels decreased only in 16 to 33% of the patients. Generally, the decrease in DNA concene of tumor size and reduction of pain. Conversely, when DNA levels either increased or remained unchanged, a lack of response to the treatment was noted. Of 17 patients who died within a year, 13 showed DNA levels that remained high or unchanged, whereas only 4 showed lower levels during treatment. Persistent high or increasing DNA levels in the circulation, therefore, may signal a relapse and are probably a poor prognostic sign. The relatively high percentage (50%) of cancer patients with apparently normal DNA levels would suggest that this test may have low diagnostic value. It should be pointed out, however, that all these patients represent a selected group considered for radiation therapy, usually after surgery and/or chemotherapy. It is possible that a better correlation between DNA levels and cancer will be obtained prior to the initiation of treatment. On the other hand, DNA in the serum may be an important tool for the evaluation of therapy or the comparison of different regimens.
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PMID:Free DNA in the serum of cancer patients and the effect of therapy. 83 66

This study presents a retrospective look at 115 patients evaluated here from 1957 to 1974. In this series, 57 percent were males and 43 percent females, 84 percent were Caucasian and 16 percent Negro. Lesions confined to or originating in the antrum made up 67 percent while nonantral lesions were 33 percent. Mean age at diagnosis was 59.1 years. Smoking and drinking history did not appear to be contributory. Antral lesions were retrospectively staged according to Sisson's TNM classification. Sixteen tumor types were involved, with the most common being epidermoid. Diagnosis was most often made by intranasal or Caldwell-Luc biopsy. Most frequent symptoms, as well as earliest symptoms, were nasal obstruction, localized pain, and epistaxis. Average duration of symptoms was 6.4 months. Therapy was generally in the form of radiotherapy alone, preoperative radiotherapy and surgery, surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, or surgery alone. Local recurrences occurred in 44 percent of antral lesions and 50 percent of non-antral lesions. Regional (cervical) nodal metastases developed in 25 percent of antral lesions and 11 percent of non-antral lesions. Distant metastases developed in 30 percent of antral cases and 35 percent of non-antral cases. Five-year survival was 32 percent (35 percent determinate) for the total group. The more advanced the staging of the antral lesions, the worse the prognosis. Best survival figures were in the areas of preoperative radiotherapy and surgery at 38 percent (43 percent) and surgery alone at 56 percent (59 percent).
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PMID:Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses: (a retrospective study). 85 Apr 51

The effect of commissural myelotomy in 24 cases with intractable pain is described. The operative technique employed with the operating microscope or magnifying glasses and a special myelotome is outlined. The results suggest an outstanding advantage in patients with bilateral metastases from malignancies except intrapelvic metastases. Patients with lumbar arachnoiditis showed a total failure of pain relief after 2 to 5 years, in spite of good relief temporarily.
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PMID:Commissural myelotomy. 86 94

A case of leiomyosarcomatosis is presented. Over a period of 15 years the patient underwent seven operations to remove eleven tumours, the largest as big as a football, before dying of widespread metastases: between operations the patient was remarkably well. The disease was almost certainly of uterine origin from apparently benign fibroids, and photomicrographs are provided as supportive evidence. The various modes of presentation of abdominal leiomyosarcoma--mass, pain, obstruction, fistula, anaemia--are illustrated in the case report. The value of repeated palliative surgery in such cases is emphasized.
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PMID:Leiomyosarcomatosis of probable uterine origin with long survival--a case report. 87 41

The effect of initial presenting symptoms, degree of tumor differentiation and type of surgical procedure on survival was evaluated in a 20 year review of 42 patients with chondrosarcoma. Therapy of patients presenting initially with a painless mass resulted in a median survival period longer than 13 years versus less than three years of the initial symptom was pain. Median survival time of patients with well differentiated chondrosarcomas was more than ten years compared with 1.2 years if the tumor was less well differentiated. Even if the sarcoma was nonresectable, these factors influenced the survival time. Since chondrosarcomas tended to recur locally rather than to metastasize, a number of patients who had a recurrence after the initial surgical excision could be saved by a more radical secondary operation.
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PMID:The importance of initial presentation and treatment upon the survival of patients with chondrosarcoma. 88 55

A retrospective series of 12,478 patients with breast cancer included 2467 patients with spinal metastases. Local treatment was not necessary in 688 patients. Neurological dificit did not develop in 1735 patients who underwent radiotherapy. Forty-four patients developed myelopathy due to spinal cord compression as demonstrated by neurological examination and myelography. Twenty-six of these patients were initially treated by laminectomy and 18 were initially treated with radiotherapy. The two groups did not significantly differ in their outcome with respect to motor power, pain relief, or ability to walk. Six patients who underwent radiotherapy deteriorated during 2 months of treatment. Four of these patients were not operative candidates because of poor general condition (three patients) or long duration of paraplegia (one patient). Of two patients who underwent emergency laminectomy, one became paraplegic; however, the other patient was significantly improved. For this reason it is essential that patients undergoing radiotherapy for spinal cord compression be followed closely by a neurosurgeon. The authors believe that in appropriate cases radiotherapy alone can yield results as good as laminectomy combined with radiotherapy.
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PMID:Indications for nonoperative treatment of spinal cord compression due to breast cancer. 90 30

The clinical and pathologic findings in 16 cases of carcinoid tumor of the testis are presented: 10 tumors were primary in the testis, 2 were teratomas, 2 were in the spermatic cord and 2 were metastatic. Most of these tumors occurred in middle-aged patients and the symptoms were those of testicular tumor in general, that is swelling, pain and tenderness. In none of the primary case was there evidence of carcinoid syndrome and no determination of serotonin was made before orchiectomy. Followup in 12 cases was from 4 months to 16 years postoperatively. Three patients died 2 to 4 years after orchiectomy: 1 with generalized metastasis and 2 with intercurrent diseases. Two patients were lost to followup and the remaining patients are well. Although ovarian carcinoids usually occur in teratoma and do not metastasize 1 of the primary cases produced generalized metastasis.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the testis. 91

Primary malignancy of the upper alveolus is an infrequent type of intra-oral carcinoma. This study reviews in detail 50 patients with a primary tumor of the upper alveolus who were treated at the Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia and Vancouver area hospitals, between 1940-1970 inclusive. Sixteen per cent had exposure to possible industrial carcinogens; 34 per cent had previous leukoplakia. The common presenting symptoms were pain (78 per cent) and swelling (64 per cent). Only 22 per cent had tumors confined to the upper alveolus. Fifty-two per cent had extensive lesions (i.e. T3 and T4). Twenty-six per cent had palpable cervical lymph nodes with potential metastatic disease. Treatment consisted of surgery, radiotherapy, or a combination of both. Complications are detailed. The five year survival rate is 44 per cent; and the 10 year survival rate 24 per cent. Treatment rationale is discussed.
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PMID:Upper alveolar carcinoma--a 30 year survey. 92 21

Anal bleeding and pain were the symptoms in half of 53 patients with carcinoma within and around the area of the anus treated from 1950 to 1974. Twenty-seven carcinomas were exclusively located in the anal canal and six, in the perianal skin. Vaginal invasion was present in 13 of the women. There were 39 squamous cell carcinomas and nine basaloid cell carcinomas. More than 37 of the patients had an abdominoperineal resection as part of the treatment. The resection margins were positive for carcinomas in 11 patients. Radiation as the primary treatment was used only once. Palpably enlarged inguinal lymph nodes were treated by subsequent radical groin dissection. The crude over-all survival rate was 42 per cent; the adjusted five year survival rate was 38 per cent. Significant correlates of death were symptoms for longer than six months' duration bleeding, inguinal adenopathy and presence of hemorrhoids. In general, abdominoperineal resection is the operation of choice for carcinoma of the anal verge or anal canal. Inguinal lymphadenectomy at a later time should be reserved for patients with signs of metastases to the inguinal nodes.
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PMID:Appraisal of the treatment of carcinoma of the anus and anal canal. 92 54

A total of 125 patients with progressing advanced prostatic cancer were entered into a chemotherapy study comparing cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and standard therapy. Parameters of response were studied in 110 patients who could be evaluated. Thirty-six patients (33 per cent) were considered to have an objective response, that is becoming stable (29 patients) or in partial regression (7 patients). Negative response parameters (predictors of a poor response to chemotherapy or standard theraphy leading to progress) included (1) bone marrow evidence of prostatic cancer, (2) abnormal liver scan, (3) prior radiation therapy (indirectly through increased toxicity to chemotherapy), and (4) lack of bilateral orchiectomy prior to randomization. Positive indicators (predictors of good responses) included (1) reduction of primary tumor mass, especially after administration of 5-fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, and (2) hemoglobin values. There were more objective responders to cyclophosphamide than standard therapy whether the hemoglobin was initially normal or low. Indeterminate parameters of response included weight gain, presence of bony or soft tissue metastases, relief of pain, performance status, excretory urography, and biochemical determinations of liver and renal function.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic cancer. Evaluation of response parameters. 93 81


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